課程設(shè)計(jì)機(jī)械帶式運(yùn)輸機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)

1、帶式運(yùn)輸機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)第一章 任務(wù)書21.1課程設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明21.2課程設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書31.2.1運(yùn)動(dòng)簡(jiǎn)圖31.2.2原始數(shù)據(jù)31.2.3已知條件31.2.4設(shè)計(jì)工作量：4第二章 減速器設(shè)計(jì)步驟52.1電動(dòng)機(jī)的選擇5選擇電動(dòng)機(jī)的類型5選擇電動(dòng)機(jī)的容量5確定電動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速62.2確定傳動(dòng)裝置的總傳動(dòng)比和分配傳動(dòng)比7分配減速器的各級(jí)傳動(dòng)比7計(jì)算各軸的動(dòng)力和動(dòng)力參數(shù)72.3傳動(dòng)零件的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算82.3.1 V帶設(shè)計(jì)8齒輪設(shè)計(jì)：102.4減速器結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)172.5軸的設(shè)計(jì)及效核18初步估算軸的直徑18聯(lián)軸器的選取19初選軸承19軸的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)（直徑，長(zhǎng)度來(lái)歷）19低速軸的校核212.6軸承的壽命計(jì)算232.7鍵連接的選擇和計(jì)算

2、252.8減數(shù)器的潤(rùn)滑方式和密封類型的選擇25齒輪傳動(dòng)的潤(rùn)滑25潤(rùn)滑油牌號(hào)選擇26密封形式262.9設(shè)計(jì)總結(jié)27致謝27參考資料27第一章 任務(wù)書1.1課程設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明本次設(shè)計(jì)為課程設(shè)計(jì)，通過(guò)設(shè)計(jì)單級(jí)級(jí)齒輪減速器，學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)的基本過(guò)程、步驟，規(guī)范、學(xué)習(xí)和掌握設(shè)計(jì)方法，以學(xué)習(xí)的各種機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)，材料，運(yùn)動(dòng)，力學(xué)知識(shí)為基礎(chǔ)，以機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)、機(jī)械原理、機(jī)械制圖、機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)課程設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)、制造技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)、機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)課程設(shè)計(jì)指導(dǎo)書以及各種國(guó)標(biāo)為依據(jù)，獨(dú)立自主的完成單級(jí)級(jí)減速器的設(shè)計(jì)、計(jì)算、驗(yàn)證的全過(guò)程。親身了解設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中遇到的種種問(wèn)題和解決的方法，思考、分析最優(yōu)方案，這是一次獨(dú)立自主的設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程，為畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)及以后的就業(yè)工作

3、做下鋪墊。1.2課程設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書課程設(shè)計(jì)題目1：帶式運(yùn)輸機(jī)1.2.1運(yùn)動(dòng)簡(jiǎn)圖1.22原始數(shù)據(jù)題 號(hào)參 數(shù)12345678910運(yùn)輸帶工作拉力F（KN）3.03.03.01.8運(yùn)輸帶工作速度v（m/s）2.0滾筒直徑D（mm）400450400400400450450450450450每日工作時(shí)數(shù)T（h）16161616161616161616使用折舊期（y）88888888881.2.3已知條件1、工作情況：傳動(dòng)不逆轉(zhuǎn)，載荷平穩(wěn)，允許運(yùn)輸帶速度誤差為±5%；2、滾筒效率：j=0.96（包括滾筒與軸

4、承的效率損失）；3、工作環(huán)境：室內(nèi)，灰塵較大，最高環(huán)境溫度35°C；4、動(dòng)力來(lái)源：電力，三相交流，電壓380/220V；5、檢修間隔期：四年一次大修，兩年一次中修，半年一次小修；6、制造條件及生產(chǎn)批量：一般機(jī)械廠生產(chǎn)制造，小批量。1.2.4設(shè)計(jì)工作量：1、減速器裝配圖1張（A0或A1）；2、零件工作圖13張；3、設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書1份。第二章 減速器設(shè)計(jì)步驟2.1電動(dòng)機(jī)的選擇2.1.1選擇電動(dòng)機(jī)的類型按工作要求和條件，選用三機(jī)籠型電動(dòng)機(jī)，封閉式結(jié)構(gòu)，電壓380V，Y型。2.1.2選擇電動(dòng)機(jī)的容量 （2-1） （其中：為電動(dòng)機(jī)功率，為負(fù)載功率，為總效率。） 由電動(dòng)機(jī)到傳輸帶的傳動(dòng)總效率為圖2-

5、1 運(yùn)動(dòng)簡(jiǎn)圖式中：、 分別為帶傳動(dòng)、軸承、 齒輪傳動(dòng)、聯(lián)軸器和卷筒的傳動(dòng)效率。?。◣鲃?dòng)），（球軸承），（直齒輪），（彈性聯(lián)軸器），（已知）。所以因載荷平穩(wěn)，電動(dòng)機(jī)額定功率只需要稍大于即可，按表2.1中Y系列的電動(dòng)機(jī)數(shù)據(jù)，選電動(dòng)機(jī)的額定功率7.5kw表2.1 各種電機(jī)參數(shù)電機(jī)型號(hào)額定功率/(kw)滿載轉(zhuǎn)速/(r/min)堵轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)矩額定轉(zhuǎn)矩最大轉(zhuǎn)矩額定轉(zhuǎn)矩重量/(kg)同步轉(zhuǎn)速3000r/min,2極Y801-20.7528252.22.317Y802-21.128252.22.318Y90S-21.528402.22.320Y90L-22.228402.22.324Y100L-2328802.2

6、2.336Y112M-2428902.22.346Y132S2-25.5290022.364Y132S2-27.5290022.370Y160M1-211293022.3117同步轉(zhuǎn)速1500r/min,4極Y801-40.5513902.22.417Y802-40.7513902.32.318Y90S-41.114002.32.321Y90L-41.514002.32.325Y100L1-42.214202.22.336Y100L2-4314202.22.340Y112M-4414402.22.350Y132S-45.514402.22.365Y132M-47.514402.22.381Y1

7、60M-41114602.22.3122同步轉(zhuǎn)速1000r/min,6極Y90S-60.7591022.221Y90L-61.191022.224Y100L-61.594022.235Y112M-62.294022.245Y132S-6396022.262Y132M1-6496022.271Y132M2-65.596022.280Y160M-67.597022119Y160L-61197022140同步轉(zhuǎn)速750r/min,8極Y132S-82.27102262Y132M-837102272Y160M1-8472022105Y160M2-85.572022116Y160L-87.5720221

8、45Y180L-8117301.721842.1.3確定電動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速卷筒轉(zhuǎn)速為=90按推薦的傳動(dòng)比合理范圍，取V帶傳動(dòng)的傳動(dòng)比,一級(jí)圓柱齒輪減速器的傳動(dòng)比為，則從電動(dòng)機(jī)到卷筒軸的總傳動(dòng)比合理范圍為。故電動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速的可選范圍為 可見，電動(dòng)機(jī)同步轉(zhuǎn)速可選、和兩種。根據(jù)相同容量的兩種轉(zhuǎn)速，從表2-1中查出兩個(gè)電動(dòng)機(jī)型號(hào)，再將總傳動(dòng)比合理分配給V帶和減速器，就得到兩種傳動(dòng)比方案，如表2-2所示。表2-2 兩種不同的傳動(dòng)比方案方案電動(dòng)機(jī)型號(hào)額定功率 kw電動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速電動(dòng)機(jī)重量Kg傳動(dòng)裝置的傳動(dòng)比同步轉(zhuǎn)速滿載轉(zhuǎn)速總傳動(dòng)比V帶減速器1Y160L-87.57507201458.002.004.002Y132S2-2

9、7.5300029007032.222.8011.51 綜合考慮電動(dòng)機(jī)和傳動(dòng)裝置的尺寸、重量和帶傳動(dòng)、減速器的傳動(dòng)比，選擇第1種方案，即電動(dòng)機(jī)型號(hào)為Y160L-8。電動(dòng)機(jī)中心高H =160mm,外伸軸段D×E=42×110mm。2.2確定傳動(dòng)裝置的總傳動(dòng)比和分配傳動(dòng)比2.2.1分配減速器的各級(jí)傳動(dòng)比 由選定的電動(dòng)機(jī)滿載轉(zhuǎn)速和工作機(jī)主動(dòng)軸轉(zhuǎn)速n，可得傳動(dòng)裝置總傳動(dòng)比為 =/n總傳動(dòng)比為各級(jí)傳動(dòng)比,的乘積，即具體取值見上表2-2方案一2.2.2計(jì)算各軸的動(dòng)力和動(dòng)力參數(shù)（1）計(jì)算各軸轉(zhuǎn)速 軸 =360 軸 =90 卷通軸 =90 （2）計(jì)算各軸輸入功率、輸出功率 軸 =6.41&

10、#215;0.96=6.15366.15 kw 軸 =6.1536×0.98×0.97=5.849612165.85 kw卷筒軸=5.84961216×0.98×0.97=5.5606413192965.56kw各軸的輸出功率為輸入功率乘軸承效率0.98，分別為軸 =6.15×0.98=6.0276.03 kw軸 =5.85×0.98=5.7335.73 kw卷筒軸=5.56×0.98=5.44885.45kw（3）計(jì)算各軸的輸入、輸出轉(zhuǎn)矩。電動(dòng)機(jī)軸輸出轉(zhuǎn)矩 軸輸入轉(zhuǎn)矩 軸輸入轉(zhuǎn)矩 卷筒機(jī)輸入轉(zhuǎn)矩各軸的輸出轉(zhuǎn)矩分別為各軸的輸

11、入轉(zhuǎn)矩乘軸承效率0.98表2-3 運(yùn)動(dòng)和動(dòng)力參數(shù)計(jì)算結(jié)果軸名功率 P/KW轉(zhuǎn)矩T/N*M轉(zhuǎn)速nr/min轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)比i效率輸入輸出輸入輸出電機(jī)6.4185.027202.000.98軸6.156.03163.15159.89360軸5.855.73620.75608.34904.000.95卷筒軸5.565.45589.98578.18901.000.952.3傳動(dòng)零件的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算2.3.1 V帶設(shè)計(jì)（1）、已知條件和設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容 設(shè)計(jì)V帶傳動(dòng)時(shí)的已知條件包括：帶傳動(dòng)的工件條件；傳動(dòng)位置與總體尺寸限制；所需傳遞的額定功率P；小帶輪轉(zhuǎn)速；大帶輪（2）、設(shè)計(jì)步驟：1）、確定計(jì)算功率 根據(jù)工作條件載荷平穩(wěn)，由機(jī)

12、械設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ)教材（以下簡(jiǎn)稱教材）表12-6查得=1.2，計(jì)算功率為 2）、選擇V帶的帶型根據(jù)計(jì)算功率 ,小帶輪的轉(zhuǎn)速，由教材圖12-14選用A型帶。3）、確定帶輪的基準(zhǔn)直徑，并驗(yàn)算帶速v初選小帶輪基準(zhǔn)直徑 根據(jù)v帶的帶型，由表12-3和圖12-14，取小帶輪的基準(zhǔn)直徑=140mm。 驗(yàn)算帶速 v由于5 m/s< v < 25 m/s ，故帶速合適。4）、計(jì)算大帶輪的基準(zhǔn)直徑由,傳動(dòng)比,有 =2.00×140=280mm，根據(jù)表12-7，取=280 mm5）確定V帶的中心距 ,并選V帶的基準(zhǔn)長(zhǎng)度確定小帶輪中心距根據(jù)式12-16 0.7(+)=2942(+)=840初定中心距=

13、500mm。 計(jì)算相應(yīng)的帶長(zhǎng) 由教材表12-2選帶的基準(zhǔn)長(zhǎng)度=1600 mm 計(jì)算實(shí)際中心距a及其變動(dòng)范圍中心距的變化范圍為6）、驗(yàn)算小帶輪上的包角 包角合適。7）、計(jì)算帶的根數(shù)計(jì)算單根V帶的額定計(jì)算功率，由 和，查教材表12-3得P0=1.41kw查教材表12-4得查教材表12-6得，查教材表12-5得，取5根。8）確定帶的最小初拉力由教材表12-1得A型帶的單位長(zhǎng)度質(zhì)量 q=0.10 kg/m,9)計(jì)算帶傳動(dòng)的壓軸力Fp 壓軸力的最小值為(3) 把帶傳動(dòng)的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算結(jié)果記入表2-4中表2-4 帶傳動(dòng)的設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù) 帶型V中心距465.4小帶輪直徑140包角162.76°大帶輪直徑280

14、帶長(zhǎng)1600帶的根數(shù)5初拉力160.57帶速5.28壓軸力1587.562.3.2齒輪設(shè)計(jì)：一、齒輪傳動(dòng)計(jì)算已知條件：輸入功率=6.15kw,小齒輪轉(zhuǎn)速傳動(dòng)比 =4,工作壽命為8年（年工作日250天），兩班制。(1)選定齒輪類型、材料和齒數(shù)1）選用斜齒圓柱齒輪傳動(dòng)2）材料選擇。由教材表10-1選擇小齒輪材料為40Cr(調(diào)質(zhì))，硬度為280HBS,大齒輪材料為45鋼（調(diào)質(zhì)），硬度為240HBS，二者材料硬度差為40HBS。3）選擇小齒輪齒數(shù)=32，大齒輪齒數(shù)=4×32=128。(2)按齒面接觸強(qiáng)度設(shè)計(jì)由機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)第六章(課件)齒輪公式（6.14）知齒面接觸強(qiáng)度設(shè)計(jì)公式為1)確定上公式內(nèi)的

15、各計(jì)算數(shù)值計(jì)算載荷系數(shù)K由1表6.2查得使用系數(shù)=1，由1134頁(yè)得=1, 。由1公式（6.2）得載荷系數(shù) K= =1×1×1.1=1.1計(jì)算小齒輪傳遞的轉(zhuǎn)矩=9.55×=×9.55×=1.6315×Nmm由1表6.8選取齒寬系數(shù)=1。由1圖6.14按齒面硬度查得小齒輪的接觸疲勞極限=700 MPa;大齒輪的接觸疲勞強(qiáng)度極限=550 MPa。計(jì)算應(yīng)力循環(huán)次數(shù) =60j=60×360×1×(16×250×8)=6.912×108 =1.728×108由1圖6.6取接觸

16、疲勞壽命系數(shù)=1；=1.2計(jì)算接觸疲勞許用應(yīng)力 由1表6.5，取失效概率為1%，安全系數(shù)S=1，則 =1×700=700 MPa =1.2×550=660 MPa查1中：圖6.12,得節(jié)點(diǎn)區(qū)域系數(shù)=2.433。參考1中143頁(yè),取Z=0.86；Z=1；由表6.3查得材料的彈性影響系數(shù)=189.8 MPa。4許用接觸應(yīng)力= 660 MPa2）計(jì)算試算小齒輪分度圓直徑d1,由計(jì)算公式得 26 mm計(jì)算齒輪模數(shù)mn=1.3mm；查手冊(cè)取標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模數(shù)mn=2mm計(jì)算齒輪幾何參數(shù) mmd2=i·d1=4×64=256 mm中心距： mm齒輪寬度：因?yàn)閎=d=1

17、5;64=64 mm，故取b1=65mm；b2=60mm計(jì)算圓周速度，確定齒輪精度V=1.21 m/s參考1中圖6.18（a），取齒輪精度8級(jí)。 (3)按齒根彎曲強(qiáng)度校核由1公式（6.15）知彎曲強(qiáng)度校核公式為1)確定校核公式中的計(jì)算參數(shù)載荷系數(shù)（前面已經(jīng)得到） K= =1×1×1.1=1.1 參考5中73頁(yè)圖8-9查得Y=1.62, Y=1.81圖8-10取重合度系數(shù)Y=0.69計(jì)算當(dāng)量齒數(shù) =32 =128查5中表8-8查得得取齒形系數(shù) =2.53, =2.22查5中73頁(yè)圖8-9得取應(yīng)力校正系數(shù) =1.62, =1.81計(jì)算彎曲疲勞許用應(yīng)力查5中圖8-11得小齒輪的彎

18、曲疲勞強(qiáng)度極限Flim1=220MPa;大齒輪的彎曲疲勞強(qiáng)度極限Flim2=170MP查5中圖8-11取彎曲疲勞壽命系數(shù)YN1= YN2=1，查5中表8-20取彎曲疲勞安全系數(shù)S=1.25則1=176 MPa2=136 MPa2）校核計(jì)算=13.2170 MPa12.9577 MPa因， 故彎曲強(qiáng)度足夠。二、圓柱齒輪傳動(dòng)參數(shù)表各級(jí)大齒輪、小齒輪幾何尺寸和參數(shù)的計(jì)算結(jié)果如下表 表2-5 圓柱齒輪傳動(dòng)參數(shù)表名稱代號(hào)單位高速級(jí)小齒輪大齒輪中心距amm160傳動(dòng)比i4模數(shù)mnmm2端面壓力角°20嚙合角°20齒數(shù)z32128分度圓直徑dmm64256節(jié)圓直徑dmm64256齒頂圓直

19、徑damm68260齒根圓直徑dfmm59251齒寬bmm6560材料4545熱處理狀態(tài)調(diào)質(zhì)調(diào)質(zhì)齒面硬度HBS280240正常齒：h=1 C=0.252.4減速器結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 表2-6 減速箱機(jī)體結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸名稱符號(hào)減速器型式及尺寸關(guān)系/mm機(jī)座壁厚 8機(jī)蓋壁厚8機(jī)座凸緣厚度12機(jī)蓋凸緣厚度12機(jī)座底凸緣厚度20地腳螺釘直徑20地腳螺釘數(shù)目4軸承旁聯(lián)接螺栓直徑16機(jī)蓋與座聯(lián)接螺栓直徑12聯(lián)接螺栓的間距180軸承端蓋螺栓直徑10窺視孔蓋螺釘直徑7定位銷直徑16、到外箱壁距離26、22 、18、至凸緣邊緣距離24、16軸承旁凸臺(tái)半徑C凸臺(tái)高度由結(jié)構(gòu)確定外箱壁至軸承座端面距離40大齒輪頂圓與內(nèi)箱壁距離10齒

20、輪端面與內(nèi)箱壁距離10箱蓋、箱座肋厚、7、7軸承端蓋外徑130、112軸承端蓋凸緣厚度10軸承旁聯(lián)接螺栓距離1452.5軸的設(shè)計(jì)及校核2.5.1初步估算軸的直徑在進(jìn)行軸的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)之前，應(yīng)首先初步計(jì)算軸的直徑。一般按受扭作用下的扭轉(zhuǎn)強(qiáng)度估算各軸的直徑，計(jì)算公式為，式中：P軸所傳遞的功率，kw； n軸的轉(zhuǎn)速，r/min;A由軸的需用切應(yīng)力所確定的系數(shù)。由于減速器傳遞的功率不大，對(duì)其重量和尺寸也無(wú)特殊要求，故選擇常用材料45鋼，調(diào)質(zhì)處理，查教材表13-2得A=107118，則 I 軸 =28.3 mm 軸=44.23 mm 將各軸圓整為=30mm , =45 mm。2.5.2聯(lián)軸器的選取 軸I段需要

21、與聯(lián)軸器連接，為使該段直徑與聯(lián)軸器的孔徑相適應(yīng)，所以需要同時(shí)選用聯(lián)軸器，又由于本減速器屬于中小型減速器，其輸出軸與工作機(jī)的軸線偏移不大。其次為了能夠使傳送平穩(wěn)，所以必須使傳送裝置具有緩沖，吸振的特性。因此選用彈性套柱銷聯(lián)軸器,由1表10.11查得：工作情況系數(shù)=1.5,由6表8-5查得：選用LT8型彈性套柱銷聯(lián)軸器，其主要參數(shù)為：公稱轉(zhuǎn)矩Tn=710N·m軸孔長(zhǎng)度112mm(Y型)孔徑=45mm表2-7聯(lián)軸器外形及安裝尺寸型號(hào)公稱扭矩N·m許用轉(zhuǎn)速r/min軸孔直徑mm軸孔長(zhǎng)度mmDmm轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量kg·m2許用補(bǔ)償量軸向徑向角向LT87103000451122240

22、.134±1.50.4102.5.3初選軸承I 軸選軸承為：6007； 軸選軸承為：6010；所選軸承的主要參數(shù)如表2-8 表2-8 軸承的型號(hào)及尺寸軸承代號(hào)基本尺寸/mm安裝尺寸/mm基本額定/kNdDBdnDa動(dòng)載荷Cr靜載荷Cor6007356214415616.210.5601050801656742216.2軸的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)（直徑，長(zhǎng)度來(lái)歷）一 低速軸的結(jié)構(gòu)圖 圖2-2 低速軸結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)圖根據(jù)軸向定位可靠要求，確定軸的各段直徑和長(zhǎng)度（1）I段與聯(lián)軸器配合 =45,為了保證軸端擋圈只壓在半聯(lián)軸器上而不壓在軸的端面上取=110。（2）為了滿足半聯(lián)軸器的軸向定位，段右側(cè)設(shè)計(jì)定位軸肩，由表

23、7-123氈圈油封的軸頸取=48mm,由軸從軸承孔端面伸出15-20mm,由結(jié)構(gòu)定取=45mm。(3）軸肩為非定位軸肩初選深溝球軸承，取=50mm考慮軸承定位穩(wěn)定，略小于軸承寬度加擋油環(huán)長(zhǎng)度，取=36mm。(4)軸上安裝齒輪的定位要求及箱體之間關(guān)系尺寸，取=53mm, =58mm。(5)軸肩V為定位軸肩，直徑應(yīng)大于安裝于軸上齒輪內(nèi)徑6-10mm,且保證10mm ,取= 60mm，=8mm。（6）VI 段，取=56 mm,考慮軸承軸安裝和定位。取=10mm圖2-3 高速軸結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)圖(7)VII 右端為砂輪越程槽，=45mm , =3mm(8)軸肩V間安裝深溝球軸承6010, 取=50mm，根據(jù)箱體

24、結(jié)構(gòu) 取=14(9）低速軸上齒輪、半聯(lián)軸器零件的軸向定位均采用平鍵連接。由表4-16查得齒輪與軸用平鍵l×b×h=45×16×10（GB1095-2003）,鍵槽用鍵槽銑刀加工，長(zhǎng)為63mm。同樣半聯(lián)軸器與軸的聯(lián)接，選用平鍵b×h=14×9，鍵長(zhǎng)選擇97。軸端倒角1.5×45°，各軸肩處圓角半徑R=1.6mm。(10)高速軸類似,分別l×b×h=50×12×8 V帶鍵槽為l×b×h=45×8×7 二、高速軸結(jié)構(gòu)圖高速軸結(jié)構(gòu)確定與低速軸相

25、似并協(xié)調(diào)好兩軸跨距等問(wèn)題,最終確定如圖2-3所示.(軸的具體確定也可參見如下PPT.)2.5.5軸的校核由于低速軸上所承受的轉(zhuǎn)矩最大，所以僅對(duì)低速軸按彎扭合成強(qiáng)度條件進(jìn)行校核計(jì)算。（1） 軸強(qiáng)度的校核計(jì)算1）低速軸計(jì)算圖如圖2-4，按垂直面且去軸承中心為受力點(diǎn)進(jìn)行校核。將軸簡(jiǎn)化為如下簡(jiǎn)圖 圖2-4低速軸軸的計(jì)算簡(jiǎn)圖（2）彎矩圖根據(jù)上述簡(jiǎn)圖，按垂直面計(jì)算各力產(chǎn)生的彎矩，做出垂直面上的彎矩圖（圖2-5）。已知=620.75, =589.95Nm，齒輪分度圓直徑d=256mm,對(duì)于6010型軸承，取軸承中心為受力點(diǎn),得到做為簡(jiǎn)支梁的軸的支撐跨距L+L=57+58=115mm4849.61N1765.

26、11N 在水平面上為 在垂直平面上為=在水平面上，齒輪所在軸截面為在垂直平面上，齒輪所在軸截面為合成彎矩，齒輪所在軸截面為從軸的結(jié)構(gòu)以及扭矩圖中可以看出截面C是危險(xiǎn)截面，現(xiàn)將計(jì)算出的截面C處的彎矩值列下表 表2-9 截面C彎矩值數(shù)據(jù)表載荷水平面H垂直面V支反力F=4849.61N =1765.11N彎矩總彎矩扭矩TT=620.75N·mm（3）扭矩圖 圖2-5 軸的載荷分析圖（4）校核軸的強(qiáng)度 因齒輪所在軸截面彎矩大，同時(shí)截面還作用有轉(zhuǎn)矩，因此此截面為危險(xiǎn)截面。其抗彎截面系數(shù)為抗扭截面系數(shù)為彎曲應(yīng)力為扭剪應(yīng)力為按彎扭合成強(qiáng)度進(jìn)行校核計(jì)算，對(duì)于單向轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的軸，轉(zhuǎn)矩按脈動(dòng)循環(huán)處理，故取折合

27、系數(shù)，則當(dāng)量應(yīng)力為由5表8-26查得45剛調(diào)質(zhì)處理抗拉強(qiáng)度極限，由表8-32用插值法查得軸的許用彎曲應(yīng)力，強(qiáng)度滿足要求2.6軸承的壽命計(jì)算（1）低速軸軸承壽命計(jì)算1）預(yù)期壽命從減速器的使用壽命期限考慮，軸承使用期限為8年（年工作日為250天）。預(yù)期壽命=8×250×16=32000h=3.2×h2）壽命驗(yàn)算軸承所受的載荷 =4849.61N =1765.11N由表8-28查得6010軸承得，,因軸承不受軸向力，軸承A、B當(dāng)量動(dòng)載荷為.驗(yàn)算軸承壽命查表14-74得到=1.2已知，溫度系數(shù)=1（常溫）圖2-6 軸承的受力簡(jiǎn)圖所以所選軸承可滿足壽命要求。2.7鍵連接的選

28、擇和計(jì)算（1）低速軸齒輪的鍵聯(lián)接1） 選擇類型及尺寸 根據(jù)d=53mm,L=58mm,選用A型，b×h=16×10,L=50mm2）鍵的強(qiáng)度校核鍵的工作長(zhǎng)度l及鍵與輪轂鍵槽的接觸高度kl=L-b=50-16=34mmk=0.5h=5mm強(qiáng)度校核大齒輪處鍵連接的擠壓應(yīng)力為，取知鍵、軸及齒輪的材料都為剛，由5表8-33查得，強(qiáng)度足夠 ,鍵安全合格.（2）低速軸聯(lián)軸器的鍵聯(lián)接1）選擇類型及尺寸 根據(jù)d=45mm,L=110mm,選用C型，b×h=14×9,L=97mm2）鍵的強(qiáng)度校核r鍵的工作長(zhǎng)度l及鍵與輪轂鍵槽的接觸高度kl=L-b/2=97-7=90mmk

29、=0.5h=5mm強(qiáng)度校核此處，鍵、軸和輪轂的材料都是鋼，620.75N·mm鍵安全合格2.8減數(shù)器的潤(rùn)滑方式和密封類型的選擇2.8.1齒輪傳動(dòng)的潤(rùn)滑本設(shè)計(jì)采用油潤(rùn)滑。潤(rùn)滑方式為飛濺潤(rùn)滑，并通過(guò)適當(dāng)?shù)挠蜏蟻?lái)把油引入各個(gè)軸承中。1）齒輪的潤(rùn)滑采用浸油潤(rùn)滑，浸油高度為30-50mm。另外傳動(dòng)件浸油中深度要求適當(dāng)，要避免攪油損失太大，又要充分潤(rùn)滑。油池應(yīng)保持一定的深度和儲(chǔ)油量。2）滾動(dòng)軸承的潤(rùn)滑滾動(dòng)軸承宜開設(shè)油溝、飛濺潤(rùn)滑。潤(rùn)滑油牌號(hào)選擇由表7.13得：閉式齒輪傳動(dòng)潤(rùn)滑油運(yùn)動(dòng)粘度為220mm/s。選用L-CKC220潤(rùn)滑油。密封形式用凸緣式端蓋易于調(diào)整，采用悶蓋安裝骨架式旋轉(zhuǎn)軸唇形密封圈實(shí)

30、現(xiàn)密封。軸與軸承蓋之間用接觸式氈圈密封，型號(hào)根據(jù)軸段選取。2.9設(shè)計(jì)總結(jié)通過(guò)本次一級(jí)減速器的設(shè)計(jì)，讓我對(duì)機(jī)械行業(yè)中產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程有了親身體會(huì)，同時(shí)體會(huì)到機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)的過(guò)程是嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)姆止げ襟E，開放的設(shè)計(jì)思想，細(xì)致的計(jì)算驗(yàn)證，反復(fù)推導(dǎo)的過(guò)程，任何一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)都不能疏漏，借鑒前人的經(jīng)驗(yàn)技巧，參閱各種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)手冊(cè)，站在全局來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)產(chǎn)品。通過(guò)本次設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程，我更認(rèn)識(shí)了自己的不足，一個(gè)產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計(jì)需要方方面面的知識(shí)，經(jīng)驗(yàn)，技巧作為基礎(chǔ)，這也是我的執(zhí)著追求。致謝非常感謝陳老師在課程設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中對(duì)我的指導(dǎo)，也感謝在設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中所有給過(guò)我?guī)椭椭v解的同學(xué)，非常感謝你們！參考資料參考文獻(xiàn)1 楊明忠、朱家誠(chéng)主編.機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)M.武漢理工大學(xué)出

31、版社，20061-284.2 濮良貴、紀(jì)名剛主編.機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì).8版.高等教育出版社，2006.5；22-4083龔溎義主編 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)課程設(shè)計(jì)指導(dǎo)書 第二版高等教育出版社1989;4岳大鑫、王忠主編機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ) 西安電子科技大學(xué)出版社2007.95張春宜 郝光平 劉敏編 減速器設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)例精講 機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社 2010.16吳宗澤 羅勝國(guó)主編 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)課程設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)（第3版）2006.4g an employment tribunal claimEmployment tribunals sort out disagreements between employers and employees.You

32、may need to make a claim to an employment tribunal if:· you don't agree with the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you· your employer dismisses you and you think that you have been dismissed unfairly.For more information about dismissal and unfair dismissal, see 

33、Dismissal.You can make a claim to an employment tribunal, even if you haven't appealed against the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you. However, if you win your case, the tribunal may reduce any compensation awarded to you as a result of your failure to appeal.Remem

34、ber that in most cases you must make an application to an employment tribunal within three months of the date when the event you are complaining about happened. If your application is received after this time limit, the tribunal will not usually accept it.If you are worried about how the time limits

35、 apply to you, take advice from one of the organisations listed under Further help.Employment tribunals are less formal than some other courts, but it is still a legal process and you will need to give evidence under an oath or affirmation.Most people find making a claim to an employment tribun

36、al challenging. If you are thinking about making a claim to an employment tribunal, you should get help straight away from one of the organisations listed under Further help.If you are being represented by a solicitor at the tribunal, they may ask you to sign an agreement where you pay their fe

37、e out of your compensation if you win the case. This is known as a damages-based agreement. In England and Wales, your solicitor can't charge you more than 35% of your compensation  if you win the case.If you are thinking about signing up for  a damages-based agreement, you should

38、 make sure you're clear about the terms of the agreement. It might be best to get advice from an experienced adviser, for example, at a Citizens Advice Bureau.  To find your nearest CAB, including those that give advice by e-mail, click on nearest CAB.For more information about making

39、a claim to an employment tribunal, see Employment tribunals.The (lack of) air up there Watch mCayman Islands-based Webb, the head of Fifa's anti-racism taskforce, is in London for the Football Association's 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend City's Premier League match a

40、t Chelsea on Sunday."I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Yaya Toure," he told BBC Sport."For me it's about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was."Uefa has opened disciplinary proceedings against

41、 CSKA for the "racist behaviour of their fans" during City's 2-1 win.Michel Platini, president of European football's governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referee's actions.CSKA said they were "surprised and disappointed" by T

42、oure's complaint. In a statement the Russian side added: "We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA."Age has reached the end of the beginning of a word. May be guilty in his seems to passing a lot of different life became the appearance of the same day; May be back in the past, to o

43、neself the paranoid weird belief disillusionment, these days, my mind has been very messy, in my mind constantly. Always feel oneself should go to do something, or write something. Twenty years of life trajectory deeply shallow, suddenly feel something, do it.一字開頭的年齡已經(jīng)到了尾聲?；蛟S是愧疚于自己似乎把轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝的很多個(gè)不同的日子過(guò)成

44、了同一天的樣子；或許是追溯過(guò)去，對(duì)自己那些近乎偏執(zhí)的怪異信念的醒悟，這些天以來(lái)，思緒一直很凌亂，在腦海中不斷糾纏?？傆X得自己自己似乎應(yīng)該去做點(diǎn)什么，或者寫點(diǎn)什么。二十年的人生軌跡深深淺淺，突然就感覺到有些事情，非做不可了。The end of our life, and can meet many things really do?而窮盡我們的一生，又能遇到多少事情是真正地非做不可？During my childhood, think lucky money and new clothes are necessary for New Year, but as the advance of th

45、e age, will be more and more found that those things are optional; Junior high school, thought to have a crush on just means that the real growth, but over the past three years later, his writing of alumni in peace, suddenly found that isn't really grow up, it seems is not so important; Then in

46、high school, think don't want to give vent to out your inner voice can be in the high school children of the feelings in a period, but was eventually infarction when graduation party in the throat, later again stood on the pitch he has sweat profusely, looked at his thrown a basketball hoops, su

47、ddenly found himself has already can't remember his appearance.童年時(shí)，覺得壓歲錢和新衣服是過(guò)年必備，但是隨著年齡的推進(jìn)，會(huì)越來(lái)越發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些東西根本就可有可無(wú)；初中時(shí)，以為要有一場(chǎng)暗戀才意味著真正的成長(zhǎng)，但三年過(guò)去后，自己心平氣和的寫同學(xué)錄的時(shí)候，突然就發(fā)現(xiàn)是不是真正的成長(zhǎng)了，好像并沒有那么重要了；然后到了高中，覺得非要吐露出自己的心聲才能為高中生涯里的懵懂情愫劃上一個(gè)句點(diǎn)，但畢業(yè)晚會(huì)的時(shí)候最終還是被梗塞在了咽喉，后來(lái)再次站在他曾經(jīng)揮汗如雨的球場(chǎng)，看著他投過(guò)籃球的球框時(shí)，突然間發(fā)現(xiàn)自己已經(jīng)想不起他的容顏。Originally

48、, this world, can produce a chemical reaction to an event, in addition to resolutely, have to do, and time.原來(lái)，這個(gè)世界上，對(duì)某個(gè)事件能產(chǎn)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)的，除了非做不可的堅(jiān)決，還有，時(shí)間。A person's time, your ideas are always special to clear. Want, want, line is clear, as if nothing could shake his. Also once seemed to be determined t

49、o do something, but more often is he backed out at last. Dislike his cowardice, finally found that there are a lot of love, there are a lot of miss, like shadow really have been doomed. Those who do, just green years oneself give oneself an arm injection, or is a self-righteous spiritual.一個(gè)人的時(shí)候，自己的想

50、法總是特別地清晰。想要的，不想要的，界限明確，好像沒有什么可以撼動(dòng)自己。也曾經(jīng)好像已經(jīng)下定了決心去做某件事，但更多的時(shí)候是最后又打起了退堂鼓。嫌惡過(guò)自己的怯懦，最終卻發(fā)現(xiàn)有很多緣分，有很多錯(cuò)過(guò)，好像冥冥之中真的已經(jīng)注定。那些曾經(jīng)所謂的非做不可，只是青蔥年華里自己給自己注射的一支強(qiáng)心劑，或者說(shuō)，是自以為是的精神寄托罷了。At the moment, the sky is dark, the air is fresh factor after just rained. Suddenly thought of blue plaid shirt; Those were broken into vari

51、ous shapes of stationery; From the corner at the beginning of deep friendship; Have declared the end of the encounter that haven't start planning. Those years, those days of do, finally, like youth, will end in our life.此刻，天空是陰暗的，空氣里有著剛下過(guò)雨之后的清新因子。突然想到那件藍(lán)格子襯衫；那些被折成各種各樣形狀的信紙；那段從街角深巷伊始的友誼；還有那場(chǎng)還沒有開始

52、就宣告了終結(jié)的邂逅計(jì)劃那些年那些天的非做不可，終于和青春一樣，都將在我們的人生中謝幕。Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted. r plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Ever