大學(xué)英語第一冊(cè)u(píng)nit7-animial intelligence

1、 Animal Intelligence主講人：方旭燕Warm-up Questions 1. Do you or your family or friends have a pet, such as a dog, cat, or bird? If so, how does the pet communicate with you or them? Does the pet understand you or them?2. Do you think animals, especially very intelligent ones, have thoughts and feelings? E

2、xplain.Do you think that animals can think? When do they think?Play hunt for food Seek a spouse build a nest encounter an enemyface danger fightAnimal RankingStudents are required to form groups to rank the following animals according to their intelligence and explain the reasons behind the ranking.

3、 Examples, anecdotes, personal experiences, scientific findings, etc. may be cited. Rat Parrot Ant Cat Click the words in red!Pig Dog Dolphin Elephant Monkey Part Division of the TextParts Para(s) Main Ideas 1 2 1236 Some animals demonstrate intelligence when dealing with captivity and human beings.

4、 Some animals are intelligent enough to know how to bargain with people. Parts Para(s) Main Ideas 3 4 7101112Animals like whales can assess a situation and act accordingly.Animals can sometimes be tricky. 5 13Animal intelligence is meant to serve survival. Fill in the blanks with the information abo

5、ut the animals mentioned in Text A and figure out the authors purposes. Skimming and Scanning1. Colo: Broke the key chain. _Authors purpose:people. Animals know how to negotiate with_2. Chantek: 1) Expanded the money supply by breakingplastic chips in two; _2) Found pieces of tin foil and tried to m

6、akecopies of metal chips. _Authors purpose: Animals can even handle the money. _3. Orky: Allowed somebody to stand on his head to reachup and release the baby._Authors purpose: Animals can assess the situation and make a right decision. _4. Melati: Hid an orange in her other hand. _5. Towan: Hid an

7、orange underneath his foot. _Authors purpose: Animal intelligence can be seen in theirattempts to deceive. _ Multiple Choice1. The author writes this article in order to _. A) find out how animals use their intelligenceB) find out if animals are as intelligent as human beingsC) find out if animals d

8、o what human beings tell them to doD) find out if animals can survive better if they are intelligent Multiple Choice1. The author writes this article in order to _. AA) find out how animals use their intelligenceB) find out if animals are as intelligent as human beingsC) find out if animals do what

9、human beings tell them to doD) find out if animals can survive better if they are intelligent Multiple Choice1. The author writes this article in order to _. BA) find out how animals use their intelligenceB) find out if animals are as intelligent as human beingsC) find out if animals do what human b

10、eings tell them to doD) find out if animals can survive better if they are intelligent Multiple Choice1. The author writes this article in order to _. CA) find out how animals use their intelligenceB) find out if animals are as intelligent as human beingsC) find out if animals do what human beings t

11、ell them to doD) find out if animals can survive better if they are intelligent Multiple Choice1. The author writes this article in order to _. DA) find out how animals use their intelligenceB) find out if animals are as intelligent as human beingsC) find out if animals do what human beings tell the

12、m to doD) find out if animals can survive better if they are intelligent2. One thing that is obvious to the author is that _. A) animals have their own thinkingB) animals do things scientists tell them to doC) animals think for their own purpose if they can thinkD) animals think when scientists want

13、 them to Multiple Choice2. One thing that is obvious to the author is that _. AA) animals have their own thinkingB) animals do things scientists tell them to doC) animals think for their own purpose if they can thinkD) animals think when scientists want them to Multiple Choice2. One thing that is ob

14、vious to the author is that _. A) animals have their own thinkingB) animals do things scientists tell them to doC) animals think for their own purpose if they can thinkD) animals think when scientists want them to Multiple ChoiceB2. One thing that is obvious to the author is that _. A) animals have

15、their own thinkingB) animals do things scientists tell them to doC) animals think for their own purpose if they can thinkD) animals think when scientists want them to Multiple ChoiceC2. One thing that is obvious to the author is that _. A) animals have their own thinkingB) animals do things scientis

16、ts tell them to doC) animals think for their own purpose if they can thinkD) animals think when scientists want them to Multiple ChoiceD Multiple Choice3. The author is convinced that when dealing with human beings, animals are _.A) less intelligent than expectedB) more intelligent than expectedC) a

17、s stupid as expectedD) as intelligent as expected Multiple Choice3. The author is convinced that when dealing with human beings, animals are _.A) less intelligent than expectedB) more intelligent than expectedC) as stupid as expectedD) as intelligent as expectedA Multiple Choice3. The author is conv

18、inced that when dealing with human beings, animals are _.A) less intelligent than expectedB) more intelligent than expectedC) as stupid as expectedD) as intelligent as expectedB Multiple Choice3. The author is convinced that when dealing with human beings, animals are _.A) less intelligent than expe

19、ctedB) more intelligent than expectedC) as stupid as expectedD) as intelligent as expectedC Multiple Choice4. Colos example indicates that _. A) some animals know quite well how to deceive the keepersB) some animals know quite well how to help the keepersC) some animals know quite well how to handle

20、 suspicious objectsD) some animals know quite well how to negotiate with the keepersA Multiple Choice4. Colos example indicates that _. A) some animals know quite well how to deceive the keepersB) some animals know quite well how to help the keepersC) some animals know quite well how to handle suspi

21、cious objectsD) some animals know quite well how to negotiate with the keepersBTrue or False1. Behaviorists say that animals cooperate with human beings for their own benefit. T( )2. Laule believed that Orky, a killer whale, was the most intelligent animal she had ever seen. FLaule believed that Ork

22、y, a killer whale, was themost intelligent animal she had ever worked with. ( )3. Some animals intelligence can be seen in their attempts to deceive. T( )4. Orky allowed somebody to stand on his head to reach up and release the baby because he had been trained to do so. FOrky let somebody stand on h

23、is head to reach upand release the baby, but he had not been trainedto do so. ( )5. Animals can learn from each other in playing some tricks. Towan is a good example. T( )What Animals Really Think Over the years, I have written extensively about animal-intelligence experiments and the controversy th

24、at surrounds them. Do animals really have thoughts, what we call consciousness? Wondering whether there might be better ways to explore animal intelligence than experiments designed to teach human signs, I realized what now seems obvious: if animals can think, they will probably do their best thinki

25、ng when it serves their own purposes, not when scientists ask them to. Eugene Linden intelligence: n. 他最終搞到了敵人計(jì)劃的秘密情報(bào)。他最終搞到了敵人計(jì)劃的秘密情報(bào)。 He managed to get the secret intelligence of the enemy s plans. 1) ability to learn and understand The children were given an intelligence test. 2) news, information

26、, esp. with reference to important events controversy: n. a lot of discussion and argument about sth., often involving strong feelings of anger or disapproval (followed by over / about) 他的書的出版引起了激烈的爭議。他的書的出版引起了激烈的爭議。 There is a bitter / heated controversy over the publishing of his books. Collocatio

27、n:beyond / without controversy 無可爭議，無可爭議， 無疑，不消說無疑，不消說This is a question that has given rise to much controversy. explore:考察考察, 勘查勘查; 工程師們已經(jīng)對(duì)在這條河上建橋的可能性作了仔細(xì)探察。 探險(xiǎn)探險(xiǎn), 探索探索 The engineers have already explored the possibility of building a bridge over the river.The man will explore the Sahara Desert on

28、 foot. And so I started talking to vets, animal researchers, zoo keepers. Most do not study animal intelligence, but they encounter it, and the lack of it, every day. The stories they tell us reveal what Im convinced is a new window on animal intelligence: the kind of mental feats animals perform wh

29、en dealing with captivity and the dominant species on the planet humans.encounter: vt. 1) meet esp. unexpectedly他在街上偶然遇見一位老友他在街上偶然遇見一位老友。 He encountered an old friend on the street. 2) come up against The more dangers we encounter, the harder we should push forward. encounter: vt. 他在街上偶然遇見一位老友。 He e

30、ncountered an old friend on the street. 偶然碰到偶然碰到; 遭遇遭遇convince: vt. make (sb.) feel certain; cause (sb.) to realize 我深信他的誠實(shí)。我深信他的誠實(shí)。 Im convinced of his honesty. We finally convinced the police of our innocence. be convinced of 確信，承認(rèn)確信，承認(rèn)be convinced that 確信，承認(rèn)確信，承認(rèn)convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事使某人相信某

31、事Pattern: convince: 說服，使確信說服，使確信 Hes trying to convince them to give themselves up.convince sb. to doconvince sb. of sth.convince sb. that-clauseWe are able to convice students of the need for wider reading.Ive convinced everyone else that I dont like you and that I dont want you anymore. Now all I

32、need to do is to convince myselfbe convinced of (that): I was convinced that we were doing the right thing.我確信我們做著的事是正確的。 我深信他的誠實(shí)。 Im convinced of his honesty. dominant: adj. ruling; stronger, more powerful, or more noticeable than other people or things查理查理卓別林是美國電影工業(yè)上極有影響卓別林是美國電影工業(yè)上極有影響力的人物。力的人物。 C

33、harlie Chaplin was a dominant figure in the American film industry. He is a dominant person in the company. 1. What do you learn from this sentence?Animals have the abilities to deal with human beings captivity though human beings are more intelligent than them. the kind of mental feats animals perf

34、orm when dealing with captivity and the dominant species on the planet humans. Lets Make a Deal Consider the time Charlene Jendry, a conservationist at the Columbus Zoo, learned that a female gorilla named Colo was handling a suspicious object. Arriving on the scene, Jendry offered Colo some peanuts

35、, only to be metwith a blank stare. Realizing they were negotiating, Jendry raised the stakes and offered a piece of pineapple. At this point, while maintaining eye contact, Colo opened her hand and revealed a key chain. make a deal: reach an agreement or arrangement, esp. in business or politics 這家

36、汽車公司已經(jīng)和一家日本公司達(dá)成協(xié)議，由日方提供這家汽車公司已經(jīng)和一家日本公司達(dá)成協(xié)議，由日方提供發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)來交換剎車。發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)來交換剎車。 The automobile company has made a deal with a Japanese firm, which will supply engines in exchange for brakes. Ill make a deal with you you wash the car and Ill let you use it tonight. negotiate: vi. discuss in order to come to an ag

37、reement 政府拒絕和恐怖分子談判。政府拒絕和恐怖分子談判。 The government refused to negotiate with terrorists. The labor decided to negotiate with the employers about their wage claims. negotiate for sth.negotiate to do sth.negotiate with sb.Pattern: maintain: vt. 1) keep up; retain; continue 他的健康正在好轉(zhuǎn)中。他的健康正在好轉(zhuǎn)中。 The improv

38、ement in his health is being maintained. 2) support He has worked hard to maintain his family. 這四個(gè)詞都有這四個(gè)詞都有“支持，支撐支持，支撐”的含義。的含義。 maintain 指指“使保持某種情況或狀態(tài)而不受損害使保持某種情況或狀態(tài)而不受損害”，“使保持完整所給予的力量使保持完整所給予的力量”。例如：。例如：support 系常用詞系常用詞, , 指指“支撐支撐”，“給某人或物以積極援給某人或物以積極援助或支持助或支持”。例如。例如： The government maintains the la

39、w. 政府支持這項(xiàng)法律。政府支持這項(xiàng)法律。 maintain, support, uphold & back CF:We should support each other. 我們應(yīng)該相互支持。我們應(yīng)該相互支持。 uphold 指指“對(duì)某人、某種活動(dòng)、信仰等給予支持、道義對(duì)某人、某種活動(dòng)、信仰等給予支持、道義上的支援或精神上的鼓舞上的支援或精神上的鼓舞”。例如：。例如： back 指指“支持（論點(diǎn)、行動(dòng)、企業(yè)等）支持（論點(diǎn)、行動(dòng)、企業(yè)等）”。例如：。例如： His words upheld me greatly. 他的話在精神上給了我很大的支持。他的話在精神上給了我很大的支持。 maintai

40、n, support, uphold & back CF:Ill back you up in your demands. 我支持你的請(qǐng)求。我支持你的請(qǐng)求。 maintain, support, uphold & back CF: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary. He was in the argument about insurance policy. Microsoft intends to its position as market leader.The Supreme

41、Court is expected to the death sentence. There was too little food to life.backed maintain uphold support _.reveal: vt. 1) bring to view; showHis worn jacket revealed his elbows. 2) make known (sth. concealed or secret) One day the truth about these events will be revealed. 這些事件總有一天會(huì)真相大白的。這些事

42、件總有一天會(huì)真相大白的。 Reveal: 顯示，透露；揭示，展現(xiàn)顯示，透露；揭示，展現(xiàn)透過敞開的房門可以看見凌亂的房間。The open door revealed an untidy room. 這些事件總有一天會(huì)真相大白的。 One day the truth about these events will be revealed. “we expect to be of assistance to people of all regions who wish to reveal unethical behaviour in their governments.”How to unders

43、tand “only to”?It is often used to indicate that sb. does sth. with a disappointing or surprising result. Infinitive “to” functions as a result adverbial. Arriving on the scene, Jendry offered Colo some peanuts, only to be met with a blank stare. More examples:He hurried to the railway station, only

44、 to find that the train had left. He had once tried inviting her out, only to meet with a rather cool response. Relieved it was not anything dangerous or valuable, Jendry gave Colo the pineapple. Careful bargainer that she was, Colo then broke the key chain and gave Jendry a link, perhaps figuring,

45、Why give her the whole thing if I can get a bit of pineapple for each piece? If an animal can show skill in trading one thing for another, why not in handling money? One orangutan named Chantek did just that in a sign-language study undertaken by anthropologist Lyn Miles at the University of Tenness

46、ee. relieve: vt. free (sb.) from pain, anxiety, etc. 聽說你已安全到達(dá)，我們就放心了。聽說你已安全到達(dá)，我們就放心了。 We are relieved to hear that you have arrived safely. Taking a part-time job would relieve you of the financial burden. relieve sb. of sth. Pattern: 如果我們要承擔(dān)更多的工作的話，我們就得再多招些人。如果我們要承擔(dān)更多的工作的話，我們就得再多招些人。 Well have to e

47、mploy more staff if were to undertake more work. undertake: vt. carry out; take upon oneself (a task, etc.) The United Nations is supposed to undertake the role of global peace-keeper. negotiate: 談判，協(xié)商談判，協(xié)商 for sth. to do sth. with sb.1) We will negotiate _ a pay increase of 3.5%.2) The government r

48、efused to negotiate _terrorists.3) The three companies are negotiating_ market the new drug. Words & Expressionsforwith tomaintain: 維持維持, 維修維修, 保養(yǎng)保養(yǎng), 堅(jiān)持堅(jiān)持 n. maintenance1)The hotel staff showed determinationto_.(堅(jiān)持高質(zhì)量的服務(wù))2) He took the lead, and_.(保持到競賽的最后)3) The railway lines have to_._ (不斷地維修) He

49、has worked hard to maintain his family. maintain high-quality serviceend of the racemaintained it until thebe constantlymaintainedrelieve: 減輕(痛苦,焦慮) relieve sb. of sth.1）兼職工作會(huì)減輕你的經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān). Taking a part-time job will relieve you of the financial burden. 2) Drugs can relieve much of the pain.1. What conc

50、lusion can you draw about Colo?Colo is a good bargainer, and this case shows that animals may really have intelligence. Colo then broke the key chain and gave Jendry a link, perhaps figuring, Why give her the whole thing if I can get a bit of pineapple for each piece? 2. Translate the sentence into

51、Chinese.科洛然后把鑰匙鏈拉斷，給了延德里一段，或許是在算科洛然后把鑰匙鏈拉斷，給了延德里一段，或許是在算計(jì)，要是每一小段都能換片菠蘿，我干嘛要全都給她？計(jì)，要是每一小段都能換片菠蘿，我干嘛要全都給她？ Chantek figured out that if he did tasks like cleaning his room, hed earn coins to spend on treats and rides in Miless car. But the orangutans understanding of money seemed to extend far beyond s

52、imple dealings. Miles first used plastic chips as coins, but Chantek decided he could expand the money supply by breaking chips in two. When Miles switched to metal chips, Chantek found pieces of tin foil and tried to make copies. figure out: understand; reason out 我想不出那位戴墨鏡的女士是誰。我想不出那位戴墨鏡的女士是誰。 I c

53、ouldnt figure out who the lady with the sunglasses was. I cant figure her out, one minute happy, the next sad. extend: v. 1) (cause to ) stretch or reach 2) make larger or longer Rain is expected to extend to all parts of the country by this evening. 我們把廚房擴(kuò)大出一塊吃飯的區(qū)域。我們把廚房擴(kuò)大出一塊吃飯的區(qū)域。Weve extended the

54、 kitchen to give us room for a dining area. Collocation:extend for延續(xù)延續(xù)（距離）（距離） extend from 從從伸出來伸出來 extend out 伸出伸出extend over 延續(xù)延續(xù)（時(shí)間），遍布（時(shí)間），遍布 extend through. 貫穿貫穿，達(dá)到整個(gè)，達(dá)到整個(gè)的長度的長度 這兩個(gè)詞都有這兩個(gè)詞都有“延長，伸長延長，伸長”的意思。的意思。extend 可以用于比喻意義上的可以用于比喻意義上的“延長延長”，或范圍的，或范圍的“擴(kuò)擴(kuò)展展”。例如：。例如：extend & prolong CF:the exte

55、nded meaning of a word 詞匯的引申意義詞匯的引申意義to extend (or lengthen) a road 延長道路延長道路to extend (or lengthen) ones stay 延長某人的逗留時(shí)間延長某人的逗留時(shí)間明年將會(huì)延長這條鐵路。明年將會(huì)延長這條鐵路。 The railway will be extended next year. prolong 通常表示時(shí)間的通常表示時(shí)間的“延長延長”。 例如：例如： Alfred had deduced that the Danes were no longer fit for prolonged battl

56、e. 艾爾弗雷德已經(jīng)推測(cè)出了丹麥人不適應(yīng)持久的戰(zhàn)爭。艾爾弗雷德已經(jīng)推測(cè)出了丹麥人不適應(yīng)持久的戰(zhàn)爭。 CF:expand: v. 1) (cause to) grow larger (in size, number or amount) The small pocket dictionary was expanded into a larger volume. 這個(gè)公司已從一個(gè)小公司發(fā)展到擁有這個(gè)公司已從一個(gè)小公司發(fā)展到擁有1212個(gè)分公司了。個(gè)分公司了。 The business has expanded from having one office to having twelve. 2)

57、speak or write at length or in detail The professor will expand on a hot topic in his lecture. extend: 延伸，擴(kuò)充，擴(kuò)展延伸，擴(kuò)充，擴(kuò)展 The CRH train service is planned to extend from Yichang to Sichuan province.這兩個(gè)詞都有這兩個(gè)詞都有“擴(kuò)展，延伸擴(kuò)展，延伸”的意思。的意思。expand 側(cè)重指側(cè)重指“上下、左右、前后的面或體的伸展上下、左右、前后的面或體的伸展”。例如：例如：swell 強(qiáng)調(diào)強(qiáng)調(diào)“由于內(nèi)在的壓力或外

58、加某物而使增高或加由于內(nèi)在的壓力或外加某物而使增高或加大至超過正常情況大至超過正常情況”。例如：。例如： expand & swell CF:Iron expands when it is heated. 鐵遇熱則膨脹。鐵遇熱則膨脹。 His injured wrist began to swell. 他受傷的手腕開始腫起來。他受傷的手腕開始腫起來。 expand & swell CF:Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary. 1. The enrolment of our univers

59、ity to 4,000 this year.2. We have into the automobile service market.swelled _expanded_But the orangutans understanding of money seemed to extend far beyond simple dealings. 1. Paraphrase the sentence.What the orangutan understands is more than just simple dealings. 2. Translate the sentence into Ch

60、inese. 但這頭猩猩對(duì)錢幣的理解似乎遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了簡單的交易。但這頭猩猩對(duì)錢幣的理解似乎遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了簡單的交易。 Miles also tried to teach Chantek more virtuous habits such as saving and sharing. Indeed, when I caught up with the orangutan at Zoo Atlanta, where he now lives, I saw an example of sharing that anyone might envy. When Miles gave Chantek some