物流學(xué)原理簡(jiǎn)答及填空答案

1、1. What is logistics management?Logistics management is that part of the supply chain management that plans, implements, and controls the efficient, effective forward and reverse flow and storage of goods, services, and related information between the point of origin and the point of consumption in

2、order to meet customers requirements.供應(yīng)鏈活動(dòng)的一部分，是為了滿足客戶需要而對(duì)商品、服務(wù)以及相關(guān)信息從產(chǎn)地到消費(fèi)地的高效、低成本流動(dòng)和儲(chǔ)存進(jìn)行的規(guī)劃、實(shí)施與控制的過程。2. What are the activities included in logistics management?Customer service, traffic and transportation, warehousing and storage, plant and warehouse site selection, inventory control, order proce

3、ssing, distribution communications, procurement, material handling, parts and service support, salvage and scrap disposal, packaging, return goods handling, demand forecasting.顧客服務(wù)、交通與運(yùn)輸、倉儲(chǔ)、廠址與倉庫地點(diǎn)的選擇、庫存控制、訂單處理、分銷信息、采購、物料搬運(yùn)、提供零部件與維修服務(wù)、殘值與廢物處理、包裝、退貨處理與需求預(yù)測(cè)。3. What are the challenges of global logisti

4、cs?Some of the perceived challenges of global logistics are cultural and linguistic differences, duty and custom requirements, just-in-time requirements, logistics support for longer supply chains, finding qualified global suppliers or manufacturers, fluctuations in exchange rates, knowledge of fore

5、ign business practices, nationalistic attitude and behavior and understanding the political environment.全球物流的明顯挑戰(zhàn)在于文化和語言差異、關(guān)稅要求、適時(shí)要求、較長供應(yīng)鏈的物流支持、尋找合適的全球供應(yīng)商或制造商、匯率的波動(dòng)、國外經(jīng)營實(shí)務(wù)知識(shí)、國民的態(tài)度和行為以及對(duì)政治環(huán)境的了解。4. What are the goals of purchasing?Provide an uninterrupted flow of material, supplies and services requir

6、ed to operate the organization.Keep inventory investment and loss at a minimum.Maintain adequate quality standards.Find or develop quality vendors.Standardize the items bought, if possible.Purchase required items and services at the lowest ultimate prices.Maintain the organizations competitive posit

7、ion.Achieve harmonious, productive working relationships with other departments within the organization.Accomplish the purchasing objectives at the lowest possible level of the administrative costs.為了保證組織的經(jīng)營活動(dòng)不間斷地提供物料、供應(yīng)品及服務(wù)使庫存投資與損失降至最低程度保持適當(dāng)?shù)馁|(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)尋找并開發(fā)質(zhì)量可靠的賣方如有可能，制定出所購項(xiàng)目的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，使之標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化以最低的最終價(jià)格購買所需物料和服務(wù)保持組

8、織的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)地位與組織內(nèi)其他部門保持協(xié)調(diào)的工作關(guān)系以最可能低的管理成本實(shí)現(xiàn)采購目標(biāo)5. What are the six major product categories? component parts, raw materials, process materials, accessory equipment, major equipment, operating supplies.部件、原材料、在制品、附屬設(shè)備、主要設(shè)備、經(jīng)營的供應(yīng)品6. What are the five basic modes in the transportation system?Motor , rail, air,

9、 water, or pipeline.公路、鐵路、航空、水路與管道運(yùn)輸7. What are the advantages to the use of containers?The use of containers in intermodal logistics reduces staffing needs, minimizes in-transit damage and pilferage, shortens time in transit because of reduced port turnaround time, and allow the shipper to take adv

10、antage of volume shipping rates.貨物自托運(yùn)人運(yùn)到收貨人的過程中，使用集裝箱大大減少了勞動(dòng)力、降低了中轉(zhuǎn)損失、偷竊現(xiàn)象，也由于縮短了船舶在港口的周轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)間而縮短了運(yùn)送時(shí)間，貨主也從中享有大量貨物運(yùn)費(fèi)率。8. How do you understand supply chain management?Supply chain management is the integration of these activities through improved supply chain relationships, to achieve a sustainable com

11、petitive advantage. In this definition, the supply chain includes the management of information systems, sourcing and procurement, production scheduling, order processing, inventory management, warehousing, customer service, and after-market disposition of packaging and materials. Supply chains are

12、essentially a series of linked suppliers and customers; every customer is in turn a supplier to the next downstream organization until a finished product reaches the ultimate end user.供應(yīng)鏈管理是指為了獲得持續(xù)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)，通過改善供應(yīng)鏈關(guān)系實(shí)現(xiàn)供應(yīng)鏈活動(dòng)的一體化。在本定義中，供應(yīng)鏈管理包括：信息系統(tǒng)、尋找原料和采辦、生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃、訂單處理、庫存管理、倉儲(chǔ)和顧客服務(wù)。供應(yīng)鏈實(shí)質(zhì)是一系列相互聯(lián)系的供應(yīng)商和客戶，每個(gè)客戶又

13、依次是下游組織的供應(yīng)商，直到最終產(chǎn)品交付給最終用戶。9. What are the benefits of supply chain management?genuine cooperation between all parts of the supply chaineliminating duplication of effort, information, planning, etceliminating operations that do not add value to the customerimproving efficiency and productivity to red

14、uce costsreducing stocks and response timeshaving actual demand trigger replenishments along the chainbeing more responsive to customerssharing information and links systemsusing available technology including EPOS, EDI and automated order processing實(shí)現(xiàn)供應(yīng)鏈組成部門的真正合作避免工作、信息和計(jì)劃的無效性消除不向顧客提供追加價(jià)值的經(jīng)營活動(dòng)提高效率和

15、生產(chǎn)率并降低成本減少庫存及其反應(yīng)時(shí)間引發(fā)整個(gè)供應(yīng)鏈的實(shí)際需求對(duì)顧客作出更好反應(yīng)分享信息與聯(lián)系系統(tǒng)使用自動(dòng)售貨點(diǎn)技術(shù)（EPOS）、電子數(shù)據(jù)交換（EDI）等可用技術(shù)以及自動(dòng)訂單處理技術(shù)。1. Each element of a firms logistics system can affect whether a customer receives the right at the right in the right for the right at the right .2. Packing performs two basic functions: and . In marketing se

16、nse the package acts as a form of promotion or .3. The primary objectives of third-party logistics provides are to the total cost of logistics for the supplier and the service level to the consumer.4. Reverse logistics deals with the handling, storage and movement of material that flows from the cus

17、tomer back to the or supplier.5. In any society, industrialized or non-industrialized, goods must be physically moved or transported between the place and the place . The exchange process has become the .6. If a number of individuals or organizations within the society have a surplus of goods that s

18、omeone else needs, there is a basic for . Channels of distribution develop when many exchanges take place between and .7. Motor carriers are in that they can transport of varying sizes and weights over any distance.8. If a shipper has strict arrival and departure requirement, railroads are at a competitive compared to motor carriers.9. Although increasing numbers of shippers are us