必修 UnitBody language 聽課手冊

1、Unit 4Body language假如你是李華，你和你的美國筆友John對中美身勢語的差異做了一個簡單的對比。請你根據(jù)以下表格內(nèi)容完成一個關(guān)于中美身勢語差異的英文報告，同時提醒人們在和外國朋友交際時注意正確使用身勢語。身勢語美國中國身體接觸保持距離，較少接觸，尤其是同性之間身體接觸較多，例如女性之間可以手拉手等伸舌頭一種粗魯?shù)谋憩F(xiàn)一種尷尬的表現(xiàn)拍小孩的頭給予安慰或鼓勵表示喜愛精彩美文As we have more communication with foreigners, we should pay more attention to the differences in our bod

2、y language.As we see from the table, many differences exist between Chinese and American body language. For example, there are more touching gestures in China than in America. Women or girls in China often walk hand­in­hand, which is very rare in America. Also, Americans think it rude to p

3、ut out one's tongue, while the Chinese often use this gesture when they are embarrassed. Furthermore, Chinese people will pat children on the head if they like them, while the Americans do so to offer encouragement or comfort.In a word, only by fully understanding all the differences in body lan

4、guage can we expect to achieve proper communication. 名師點睛1文章體裁：說明文。2行文邏輯：引出話題闡述差異總結(jié)。3詞匯短語：運用了較高級的詞匯和短語。如：betweenand(在和中間), put out(伸出)，furthermore(此外)，in a word(總之)等。4句式句法：運用了多樣化的句式結(jié)構(gòu)。如：介詞短語作狀語：between Chinese and American；定語從句：which is very rare in America；形式賓語結(jié)構(gòu)：think it rude to put out one's

5、tongue；狀語從句：when they are embarrassed；倒裝句：only by fully understanding all the differences in body language can we expect to achieve proper communication等。.單詞薈萃1_n陳述；說明_v陳述；敘述；聲明2_v問候；迎接；打招呼_n敬禮；致意_n問候語；致辭3_vt.代表；象征_n代表4_n社團；聯(lián)系；聯(lián)想_v使發(fā)生聯(lián)系， 使聯(lián)合_adj.聯(lián)合的；關(guān)聯(lián)的5_adj.好奇的_adv.好奇地6_v接近；靠近 n接近；方法；途徑_adj.可到達的；可親

6、近的7_vt.保護；保衛(wèi)_n防衛(wèi)；防衛(wèi)設(shè)備；防御8_adj.主要的_adj.(反義詞)較小的；次要的9_vt.誤解；誤會_n誤解；誤會_n諒解， 理解10_n安逸；舒適vt.減輕(痛苦，憂慮)_adj.舒適的，安逸的.短語檢測1保衛(wèi)以免受_2防御，保障 _3與某人一起 _4很可能；有希望 _5相反 _6總的來說；通常 _7對感到緊張 _8舒適；快活；自由自在 _9丟臉 _10渴望；愿意 _.佳句再現(xiàn)1Not all cultures greet each other the same way, _ are they comfortable in the same way with touchi

7、ng or distance between people. 各種文化背景下人們互致問候的方式不盡相同，身體接觸和相互間距離的程度也并不一樣。2However, people from places like Spain, Italy or South American countries approach others closely and _touch them. 不過，來自西班牙、意大利或南美國家的人會站在離別人很近的地方，而且更可能會(用身體)接觸對方。3The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely

8、 _Julia Smith from Britain. 第一個到達的是從哥倫比亞來的托尼·加西亞，隨后緊跟著的是英國的朱莉婭·史密斯。4In general, though, _ international customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in today's world of cultural crossroads!但總的來說，在當(dāng)今文化交融的世界，學(xué)習(xí)不同國家的習(xí)俗肯定能幫助我們避免交往中的困難！_ and shaking it almost always means that someone is a

9、ngry and threatening another person.握緊拳頭并且晃動幾乎總是意味著一個人生氣了并威脅另一個人。In most places around the world, frowning and _someone shows anger. 在世界上的絕大多數(shù)地方，皺眉和背對別人表示憤怒。_from people or yawning will, in most cases, make me appear to be uninterested.大多數(shù)情況下，不去看別人或者是打哈欠會讓自己顯得對什么都不感興趣。5_ so many cultural differences

10、 between people, it is great to have some similarities in body language. 盡管人們之間有這么多的文化差異，但好在肢體語言有一些相似之處。.課文回顧Body language is a 1._ (use) tool in communicating with others. 2._， different countries have different customs and even the same gesture has different meanings in different countries. Theref

11、ore, it's important for us 3._ _ (have) a good knowledge of the meaning of gestures. For example, 4._ (nod) one's head means “yes” in some countries, but on the contrary, in other countries, it means “no”. English people do not usually stand close 5._ others or touch strangers as soon as the

12、y meet. However, people from places like Spain, Italy or South American countries approach others 6._ (close) and are more likely 7._ (touch) them. Most people around the world now greet each other by shaking hands, but some cultures use other greetings as well, such as the Japanese, 8._ prefer to b

13、ow.9_ general, studying international customs can help avoid 10._ (get) into embarrassment in today's world of cultural crossroads. 單詞點睛1 representvt. (to be a member of a group of people and act or speak on their behalf at an event, a meeting, etc.)代表；象征；(向人)說明(1)representas把描繪成represent sb as/

14、to be 宣稱某人為represent sth to sb 向某人說明/傳達某事(2)representation n表現(xiàn)；描述，描繪(3)representative n. 代表 adj. 典型的，有代表性的溫馨提示 represent作“說明，使明白，傳達，表達”講時，不能直接跟人作賓語，常用結(jié)構(gòu)：represent sth to sb 或represent to sb sth。類似的單詞還有：explain，guarantee，relate，say等?！疽谆毂嫖觥縭epresent, stand for與on behalf of(1)represent指代表某人、某個團體、政府等，或指

15、某種標(biāo)志代表什么，某物表現(xiàn)/描繪的是什么。 (2)stand for 通常指字母、數(shù)字、符號等代表/象征什么。(3)on behalf of 指代表/代替某人，只能作狀語。【活學(xué)活用】(1)2015·安徽卷·閱讀E In many cultures, round foods such as grapes, bread, and moon cakes are eaten at welcome celebrations to represent family unity.在很多文化的歡慶活動中，像葡萄、面包和月餅這樣圓形的食物，代表了家人的團聚。(2)The competiti

16、on attracted over 500 players_ 8 different countries.這次比賽吸引了代表8個不同國家的500多名運動員。(3)She was picked out from the whole class _ them at the other school. 她被全班選出來作為去另一所學(xué)校的代表。(4)The study was carried out in one small town, so we couldn't be sure that the results were truly_這項研究是在一個小鎮(zhèn)里進行的，因此我們不確定該研究結(jié)果是否

17、真的具有代表性。2 curiousadj. (having a strong desire to know about sth)好奇的(1)be curious about sth對某事好奇be curious to do sth 急于做某事，極想做某事(2)curiosity n. 好奇心in/with curiosity 好奇地out of curiosity 出于好奇【活學(xué)活用】(1)2014·四川卷·完形 She was surprisingly unafraid and seemed to be curious about what he was doing.令人

18、感到驚奇的是，她并不害怕，而且似乎對他正在做的事情很好奇。(2)Though she _his past, she refrains from asking too many questions.盡管她對他的過去很好奇，但她盡量避免問他過多的問題。(3)The reporter is curious _(know) whether the official is involved in the case.那名記者很想知道此案是否牽連那位官員。(4)She opened her eyes and looked up at me _ and hopefulness.她張開了眼睛，用充滿好奇和期待的

19、眼神仰頭看著我。3 approachvt.& vi. (to come near to sb/sth in distance or time)接近，靠近 n. (act of approaching)接近；(way of dealing with a person or thing)方法，途徑(1)approach sb for/about sth 關(guān)于某事與某人商量/交涉an approach to 的方法/通道 (做某事的)方法/途徑(2)at the approach of 在快到的時候make approaches to sb 設(shè)法接近某人【活學(xué)活用】(1)2015·

20、湖南卷·閱讀C Once lighthouses had telephones, keepers would call each other to warn that the inspector was approaching.以前燈塔里有電話，看守人會互相打電話來提醒對方視察者來了。(2)That's the nearest approach _ an apology from him.那是他所能做出的最近似歉意的表示。(3)The job market has changed and our approach to _ (find) work must change as

21、 well.就業(yè)市場變了，因此我們找工作的方法也必須改變。(4)Suddenly I saw a tall figure _ towards the policeman.突然間我看到一個高大的身影正在朝警察靠近。4 defendvt. (to protect sb/sth from harm; to guard sb/sth)保衛(wèi)，保護(1)defendfrom/against保衛(wèi)以免受defend sb 為某人辯護(2)defence n. 防御，保衛(wèi)；防御能力；防御物in defence of 為了防御，為了保護，為了保衛(wèi)【易混辨析】defend, guard, protect與prese

22、rve這四個詞都含“保護，保衛(wèi)”的意思。(1)defend vt.保衛(wèi)，捍衛(wèi)，防御；辯護。強調(diào)眼前存在危險，并暗示使用強力或其他應(yīng)對措施來加以保護，同時也指法律中的辯護。應(yīng)用范圍很廣， 對象可以是具體的， 也可以是抽象的，如保衛(wèi)祖國，捍衛(wèi)自己的權(quán)利、名譽等。如：Defend oneself against the enemy.防御敵人。(2)guard v保衛(wèi)，警衛(wèi)，看守 n守衛(wèi)。指十分小心、警覺，注意觀察、戒備以保護某事物，以防實際發(fā)生的或潛在的攻擊或傷害。如：The dog guarded the house.狗守護著房子。(3)protect vt.保護免受危險或傷害等，常與from,

23、against 連用。這是一個通用的詞，含有提供掩護、遮攔或其他屏障等安全方式來驅(qū)走不適、擋開傷害或進攻的意思。如：Protect the children from harm.保護兒童免受傷害。(4)preserve vt.保護，保存，保藏。正式用詞，防止損壞或損毀，強調(diào)對現(xiàn)有事物完全保持現(xiàn)狀不變甚至禁止使用，另指防腐。 如：It was proposed that the house be preserved as it had been when Lu Xun lived in it.人們建議把這座房子按照魯迅當(dāng)年居住時的樣子保護起來?！净顚W(xué)活用】(1)Torrence expects

24、to defend her title successfully in the next Olympics.Torrence希望在下屆奧運會上能夠衛(wèi)冕成功。(2)More and more women today have learnt to arise _ their legal rights. 現(xiàn)在越來越多的女性學(xué)會站起來保護她們的合法權(quán)利了。(3)The wall was built to defend the road _ being washed away by the sea. 建這座防洪堤是為了保護這條路不被海水沖垮。(4)He has hired a lawyer to def

25、end him _the allegations.他已聘請了一位律師來針對這些指控為他自己辯護。 5 likelyadj.(probable or expected)可能的，預(yù)期的adv.或許，很可能(1)It's likely that sbsb be likely to do某人很可能not likely 絕不可能，絕對不會(2)unlikely adj. 不大可能發(fā)生的be likely/unlikely to 很可能/不大可能溫馨提示 likely用作副詞時，通常與most，very一起使用。【易混辨析】likely, possible與probable(1)likely是常用

26、詞，指從表面痕跡來看很有可能。主語既可以是人也可以是物。可以說sb/sth be likely to do sth或“It's likely that”但是不可以說“It is likely for sb to do sth.”。(2)possible強調(diào)客觀上有可能，但實際上可能性很小。主語不可以是人，只能用it作形式主語，構(gòu)成：It is possible for sb to do sth.(3)probable 語氣比possible強，含有“很有可能，十有八九”的意思，構(gòu)成：It is probable for sb to do sth.【活學(xué)活用】(1)2015·全

27、國卷·閱讀C Students who take a well­planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with, and complete, their chosen course.利用一年時間好好規(guī)劃的學(xué)生對于自己所選擇的課程可能更加滿意，也更有可能完成這些課程。(2)You are likely to suffer from bad health if you keep smoking._ you could suffer from bad health if you keep smoking.如果你繼續(xù)吸煙，

28、你很有可能會健康狀況不佳。(3)2014·天津卷·閱讀D A person who avoids exercising is _ to have illnesses than one who exercises regularly.逃避鍛煉的人比那些常鍛煉的人更有可能患病。(4)As with many technological revolutions, you _ be aware of it.就像諸多的技術(shù)革命一樣，你可能不太會注意到它。短語儲存1 in general總的來說；通常in particular尤其，特別in secret 秘密地in public公開地

29、in short 總之in brief 簡單地說in total 總共in detail 詳細地【活學(xué)活用】(1)2015·陜西卷·閱讀D In general, about 20% of parental involvement was positive, about 45% negative and the rest statistically insignificant.總的來說，約20%的家長介入是積極的，大約45%是消極的，其他的數(shù)據(jù)可以忽略不計。(2)用in相關(guān)短語的適當(dāng)形式填空。Everyone was doubtful at first, but his s

30、tatement _ held up.Women _like to shop for new clothes.His statement refers to people in general, not to anyone _. 2 at ease舒適，快活，自由自在(1)feel/look at ease感到/看上去心情放松put/set sb at one's ease 使某人放松、松弛(2)take one's ease 休息，放松一下(3)with ease 輕易地，毫不費力地【易混辨析】at ease與with ease(1)at ease意為“(feeling co

31、nfident or relaxed)安逸地，安心地，自在地”；with ease意為“(easily or without difficulty)輕松地，容易地”。(2)at ease既可作表語，亦可作狀語；with ease 只能用作狀語?！净顚W(xué)活用】(1)2015·浙江卷·閱讀D I spent eight to ten hours a day with Joe in the hospital, doing anything and everything I could to ease his discomfort.我每天花八到十個小時在醫(yī)院里陪著喬，做所有能夠緩解他

32、的不適的事情。(2)用ease及其相關(guān)短語的適當(dāng)形式填空。Anne was intelligent and capable of passing her exams _. His mind was_ and he felt confident in the future. The news that her child was safe _ her mind. When you feel nervous, you'd better listen to some light music to _at ease.3 lose face丟臉(1)save (one's) face挽回

33、(某人的)面子face to face 面對面，直接交流in the face of 面對，在面前(2)lose heart 泄氣，灰心lose one's heart to 愛上，鐘情于lose one's temper 發(fā)脾氣lose weight 減肥lose one's way 迷路lose one's life 喪生lose courage 喪失勇氣lose sight of 看不見【活學(xué)活用】(1)If Tom doesn't keep his promise, he'll lose face. 如果湯姆不信守諾言，他就會丟面子。(2

34、)用lose或face相關(guān)短語的適當(dāng)形式填空。He said that he would never do it, because to do so would be to _. Even if they've often talked to each other on the telephone, they've never met each other _When you are _ way, the most important thing is to keep calm.句型透視1 Not all cultures greet each other the same w

35、ay, nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people.各種文化背景下人們互致問候的方式不盡相同，身體接觸和相互間距離的程度也并不一樣。neither/nor/so系動詞/情態(tài)動詞/助動詞主語【句式點撥】not all表示部分否定，意為“并非所有的都”。英語中，含有整體或全部意義的詞all，both，every，everybody，everything，always，entirely等與否定詞連用時，表示部分否定。nor are theypeople是倒裝句。表示否定意義的狀語或

36、表語等位于句首時，句子通常采用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)?！鞠嚓P(guān)拓展】(1)“so主語系動詞/情態(tài)動詞/助動詞”表示說話人同意對方的看法或?qū)η拔膬?nèi)容給予一種強調(diào)性的肯定，意為“的確是這樣”。如果前文有兩個分句，或者既有肯定又有否定，要用“So it is with主語”或“It's the same with主語”句型。(2)“主語do/did/doesso”表示“某人這樣做了”，本結(jié)構(gòu)中的助動詞不能改為be動詞或情態(tài)動詞。【活學(xué)活用】(1)2015·北京卷·閱讀D The fact that college students are financially dependent on

37、 their parents is nothing new; nor are requests for more money to be sent from home.大學(xué)生在經(jīng)濟上依賴父母并不是什么新鮮事，他們向家里要更多的錢也不是什么新聞。(2)The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, _ will he even give it a thought.校長將不允許改變課程，他甚至對此不加考慮。(3)2014·廣東卷·閱讀C In short, I did not take my decision t

38、o apply for the Lighthouse Project lightly. Neither _ my family. 總之，我沒有輕易地決定申請燈塔項目。我的家人也是如此。(4)Mike is from Canada and he speaks Chinese very well，so _ Ann.邁克是加拿大人且漢語說得很流利，安也是如此。(5)The doctor asked him to eat more vegetables, and he _醫(yī)生讓他多吃蔬菜，他也這樣做了。2 With so many cultural differences between people

39、, it is great to have some similarities in body language. 盡管人們之間有這么多的文化差異，但好在肢體語言有一些相似之處?！皐ith賓語賓語補足語”結(jié)構(gòu)【句式點撥】with so many cultural differences between people是“with賓語賓語補足語”的結(jié)構(gòu)，其基本句式為“with賓語介詞短語/形容詞/副詞/非謂語動詞”，此結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語，表時間、原因、方式、伴隨等，也可以作定語。【活學(xué)活用】(1)2015·重慶卷·閱讀A I didn't expect anything

40、when I handed in my paper to Mrs Smith, so it was quite a surprise when it came back to me the next daywith an “A” on it.當(dāng)我把試卷交給史密斯太太時，我什么也沒指望。因此，當(dāng)?shù)诙煳夷没卦嚲聿⒖吹缴厦鎸懼癆”時，我感到非常驚訝。(with賓語介詞)(2)2015·湖南卷·閱讀A People of all ages happily walk along the pavement with eyes and hands glued to the mobil

41、e phone, quite unaware of what is going on around them.所有年齡段的人都高高興興地沿著人行道走著，他們的眼睛和雙手粘在手機上，完全不知道他們周圍發(fā)生了什么事。(with賓語v.­ed)(3)With so many messages from advertisers filling our daily lives, it is important to understand how advertisements work.廣告商用如此多的信息沖擊我們的日常生活，了解一下廣告運作確實重要。(with賓語v.-ing)(4)With

42、so many destinations to choose from, you are bound to have a good time in your vacation. 有這么多的目的地可以選擇，你在假期一定會玩得很開心。(with賓語不定式)(5)With D­economy _(approach), people are becoming more and more attached to data.隨著“D經(jīng)濟”時代的到來，人們越來越依附于數(shù)據(jù)。(6)The TV entertainment programme, The Voice of China, enjoys g

43、reat popularity, with a large audience_ (lose) in its live show.綜藝節(jié)目中國好聲音很受歡迎，很多觀眾沉浸在它的現(xiàn)場表演之中。.單句填空1_(misunderstand) by others when you do nothing wrong at all is quite a bad experience.2The earlier you get rid of smoking, _(likely) you are to protect yourself against serious illnesses in later life

44、.3With the final exam _(approach), we are busy going over what we've learnt this term.4The Chinese mainland has 157 billionaires in 2013，_(rank) second in the number of billionaires worldwide.5On the National Day, Tian'anmen Square looks even more beautiful _ all lights on.6Simon has lived i

45、n Spain for more than 10 years, but _ (curious) enough, he can't speak a word of Spanish. 7With only a few persons _ (greet) her, the old lady felt much left out at the party.8No one can avoid _(influence) by advertising; it is everywhere.9The exhibition was organized by the school in _(associat

46、e) with local artists.10Parents, of course, will do everything they could _(defend) their children from harm.單句改錯1We have been working close with him for five months and he is in complete control of this.2She was the first woman winning the gold medal in the Olympic Games.3At the press conference he

47、 announced a personal decision, ended his career as a basketball player.4He is probable to get hurt because he always trusts people easily.5At the meeting they discussed three different approaches of the study of mathematics.6At the conference, political leaders from many countries promised to work together to defend the world for terrorism and other threats.7We would have avoided make such a mistake, but we did not follow his sound advice. 8He sat back in the chair, took a book and