布局小徑(國際象棋)1.

1、【譯前注：作者Gary Lane，英國的國際大師。他在chesscafe網(wǎng)站開設(shè)一個(gè)著眼于討論“最新的布局理論和相關(guān)課題”的專欄，主要采用答讀者問的方式。有人贊揚(yáng)他的專欄說，有時(shí)他哪怕收到一些初學(xué)者提出的令人啼笑皆非的、荒謬的“布局新創(chuàng)見”或“驚人發(fā)現(xiàn)”信件，也不一定扔進(jìn)垃圾桶，反而盡量由此出發(fā)以眾多對局為例向讀者介紹布局的經(jīng)典示例或真正的新構(gòu)思。恰好，他的姓氏叫Lane ，有鄉(xiāng)間小路、小巷、里弄的意思。而他的專欄就叫"Opening Lanes" ，可以形象譯成“布局小徑”。他的文章不是系統(tǒng)地討論布局理論宮殿的堂皇大觀，卻象隨興喝杯咖啡然后擺上幾盤，交流交流布局而且往往是

2、“非主流布局”的迷津與小徑?！?布局小徑1：靈活的側(cè)翼象(英)Gary Lane 英格蘭的讀者馬克·鐘斯問：“怎么對付 1 Nf3 Nf6 2 g3 g6 3 b4 ？我以前沒碰過。我試走 3.a5之后 4 b5 Bg7 ，最后我輸了?！边@路棋可能看起來奇特，但 1 Nf3 Nf6 2 g3 g6 3 b4 (圖1)的確被布龍斯坦、彼得羅辛和斯梅斯洛夫采用過。挺進(jìn)b兵有雙重目的：在后翼獲取空間，以及僅三步棋之后就避開復(fù)雜的王翼印度理論架構(gòu)。白方計(jì)劃可能包括走e4之后把馬放在c4，或者甚至走c4以轉(zhuǎn)入某種類型的英國式布局。當(dāng)前情況下白方要怎么走？有一盤實(shí)戰(zhàn)介紹了一個(gè)良好的思路

3、，就是斯梅斯洛夫所給出的一個(gè)經(jīng)典的對付 3.a5 的例子：斯梅斯洛夫艾德 Tel Aviv OL 19641 Nf3 Nf6 2 g3 g6 3 b4 a5 4 b5 c6 5 Na3這樣的棋通常均令黑方吃驚。盤邊上的馬很好地保持局面統(tǒng)一。5.d5在1962年斯梅斯洛夫執(zhí)白對另一對手時(shí)，當(dāng)時(shí)的黑方走 5.Bg7 。好象不錯(cuò)，但白方以雙側(cè)翼象來攫取優(yōu)勢，那盤棋是這樣繼續(xù)的：6 Rb1 d5 7 c4 Nbd7 8 Bg2 Ne4 9 Bb2 Ndf6 10 0-0 Nd6 11 bxc6 bxc6 12 Ne5 Bd7 ，然后白方以一機(jī)智的組合駁倒黑方著法 13 cxd5 cxd5 14 Nxd

4、7 Qxd7 15 Bxd5! ，斯梅斯洛夫得兵，明顯占優(yōu)。6 Bg2 Bg7 7 Bb2 0-0 8 c4 (圖2)8.dxc4?!這樣就讓白方后翼馬得以指向中心了。已建議過走 8.Bg4 或 8.Bf5 ，可有進(jìn)展。9 bxc6 Nxc6 10 Nxc4 Be6 11 Nce5 Nxe5 12 Bxe5 Qd7 13 0-0 Rfc8黑方擁有后翼多兵的收益，但要安全動員它們需要時(shí)間。14 Qb1 Bd5 15 d3 Qa4 16 e4白方的長遠(yuǎn)計(jì)劃首次清晰呈現(xiàn)，就是以兵控制中心。16.Bc6 17 Re1 Nd7 18 Bxg7 Kxg7 19 Qb2+ Kg8 20 Rab1 Rc7 2

5、1 d4!防止.Nc5 的最好辦法，現(xiàn)在威脅是d5，黑象無處可逃。22.Nf8 22 d5 Be8 23 e5 Rac8 24 d6 (圖3)24.Rd7如果 24.exd6 那么 25 exd6 Rd7 26 Bh3 f5 27 Re7 之后白優(yōu)。25 Ng5 Rc2 26 Qb6 f6 27 Bd5+ Kg7 28 dxe7 白勝。處理這種布局一個(gè)比較流行的的辦法是早走 .d5 。1997年我面對特級大師Nigel Davies時(shí)就試過這條辦法。1 Nf3 Nf6 2 g3 g6 3 b4 Bg7 4 Bb2 0-0 5 Bg2 d5 6 0-0 Qd6 (圖4)那樣出后可能不太成熟，因?yàn)?/p>

6、難以成功對b兵構(gòu)成威脅。7 a3 a5 8 Be5! Qb6 9 Nc3 c6那只送到嘴邊的兵實(shí)在不是什么誘人的東西，例如：9.axb4 10 axb4 Rxa1 11 Qxa1 Qxb4 12 Nxd5 白方恢復(fù)物質(zhì)平衡而且取得有前途的主動權(quán)。10 Na4 Qb5 11 Nc5 Nfd7 12 Bxg7 Kxg7 13 Nd3 Re8 14 Re1 e5 15 e4局面非常均等，40回合之后成和。正確引導(dǎo)黑方出子的途徑，正是由當(dāng)年的藝術(shù)大師斯梅斯洛夫本人以一種穩(wěn)固的姿態(tài)所給出來的。摩爾斯梅斯洛夫 蘇黎世 1998 【譯注：1998? 原文如此，應(yīng)該是筆誤】1 Nf3 Nf6 2 g3 d5

7、3 Bg2 g6 4 b4 Bg7 5 Bb2 0-0 6 0-0 c6這就是與我上面提到自己的那盤棋不同的地方。斯梅斯洛夫敏感地支持他的d兵并繼續(xù)關(guān)注出子。7 d3 Bg4 8 Nbd2 a5 9 a3 Na6 10 Qb1 axb4 11 axb4 Qb6 12 Bc3 Nh5 13 Bxg7 Nxg7 14 c3 Bxf3 15 Bxf3 Ne6 16 Qb2 Nac7 17 e3 Rxa1 18 Rxa1 Ra8 (圖5)均勢。到第49回合成和。不過，如此局面對于黑方雖可行，但可能對于樂意挺兵到d5的走格林菲爾德的棋手更有吸引力些。因此，我也推薦某種王翼印度防御的架構(gòu)，容易學(xué)而不容易破

8、。G. Ottolini-M. Lanzani Vanzaghello 19971 Nf3 Nf6 2 g3 g6 3 b4 Bg7 4 Bb2 0-0 5 Bg2 d6 6 d4 Nbd7 7 0-0 e5 (圖6)經(jīng)典的王翼印度防御架構(gòu)，通常正是對付g3體系的主變。黑方出側(cè)翼象，后翼馬到d7支持挺進(jìn)的e5。黑方迅速反擊，要好好利用b兵的冒進(jìn)。8 dxe5 Ng4 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的詭計(jì)想利用那個(gè)牽制。9 Nbd2 Ngxe5 10 Nxe5 Nxe5 11 Rb1 Be6 12 c4 c6如果12.Nxc4? 黑方輸?shù)镁涂炝耍?3 Bxg7 Kxg7 14 Nxc4 Bxc4 15 Qd4+13 h3

9、 d5 14 cxd5 Bxd5 15 Bxd5?!這樣讓黑后統(tǒng)治中心了。應(yīng)該考慮 15 f4 。15. Qxd5 16 Nb3 Qc4 17 a3 Rad8 18 Qe1 Rfe8 19 Bxe5 Rxe5 20 e3 Rh5黑方著眼于暴露白方兌換掉白格象而伴隨而來的防御上的難題。21 Kg2 Qe4+ 22 f3 Qe6 23 Rh1 Rhd5 24 Rf1 Rd3 25 Nc5 Rd2+ 26 Rf2 Qa2 (圖7)后滲入白方后翼，不慌不忙地吃兵。27 Ne4 Rxf2+ 28 Nxf2 Qxa3 29 Ne4 Qa2+ 30 Kg1 f5 31 Nf2 Rd2 32 Rc1 Re2

10、黑勝。另外，英格蘭的保羅·本特利問：“我走尼姆佐維奇 1 e4 Nc6 ，但很多惱人的對手走2 Nf3 而不是 2 d4 。我試過2.d6 和 2.e5 ，但跟著結(jié)果不得不在西班牙開局理論領(lǐng)域戰(zhàn)斗了15步。那么走 2. d5 好不好？“如果它轉(zhuǎn)化成這樣走出來之后的局面，即：1 e4 d5 2 exd5 Qxd5 3 Nc3 Qa5 4 Nf3 Nc6 5 d4 Bg4 6 Bb5 0-0-0 7 Bxc6 bxc6 ，則看來是不錯(cuò)的主意，因?yàn)楹诜降钠逵袃?nèi)容。下面這盤對局給我們看到了白方正確處理如此布局的辦法。Emms-Kristensen Esbjerg 19961 e4 Nc6 2

11、 Nf3 d5你 2.d5 之后將如何的問題值得考慮。簡而言之，黑方轉(zhuǎn)入了斯堪第維納亞布局(中心反擊)的一條不好的變化里。3 exd5 Qxd5 4 Nc3 Qa5 5 Bb5 (圖8)也可以 5 d4 的，但目前這個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)換的關(guān)鍵卻要避免這樣！問題在于黑方的.Nc6有興趣于以d4上的兵為靶子，而如果那里沒有兵，就卻顯得浪費(fèi)時(shí)間，因?yàn)楹诜酵ǔＲ?.c6 來給后提供一條撤離的路徑的，所以那樣不好。5.Bd7而5.Bg4 6 h3! Bh5 7 g4 Bg6 8 Ne5 ，馬被釘住，白方優(yōu)勢較大【譯注：原文棋譜有小錯(cuò)】。因此，黑方的象只好居于一個(gè)消極的格子。6 0-0 a6這對于保證持有雙象以補(bǔ)償出

12、子落后具有意義。如果 6.0-0-0 ，白方應(yīng)該不要 7 d4 ，而應(yīng) 7 Qe2 。7 Bxc6 Bxc6 8 d4 0-0-0 9 Ne5 Be8顯得不利，但黑方?jīng)Q心堅(jiān)持有雙象。如果 9.Bd5? 10 b4 Qxb4 11 Nxd5 Rxd5 12 Nxf7 白方明顯占優(yōu)。10 b4! (圖9)當(dāng)時(shí)的新招，因?yàn)檫^去只有10 Qf3 或 10 Be3 走過。10.Qb6如果 10.Qxb4 11 Qf3 c6 12 Rb1 Qxd4 13 Bf4 白方迅速獲得極大攻勢。11 Be3 e6 12 Rb1 f6 13 Nc4 Qc6 14 Na5! Qxc3棄后，而14.Qd7 15 b5 則

13、白方形勢很佳。15 Rb3之后一切都變得簡單了，對局是這樣繼續(xù)的：15.Bxb4 16 Rxc3 Bxc3 17 Nxb7! Kxb7 18 Qb1+ Ka8 19 Qb3 Bxd4 (19.Ba5 20 Qa3 Bb6 21 Qf8!勝) 20 Bxd4 Bb5 21 c4 Bc6 22 Qa3 Bb7 23 Qc5 Kb8 24 Rb1 Kc8 25 Qa7 1-0 最后，英格蘭的讀者布萊恩·威爾遜想知道“什么叫Englund棄兵”【譯注：原文如此】如今，想完全跟得上不太顯眼的布局的名字有時(shí)比較困難，因?yàn)檫@些名字看來在不同國家有不同叫法。我猜想你是指：1 d4 e5這個(gè)并非沒有支

14、持者，有些棋手跌入如此變化：2 dxe5 Nc6 3 Nf3 Qe7 4 Bf4 Qb4+ 5 Bd2 Qxb2 6 Bc3? Bb4 7 Qd2 Bxc3 8 Qxc3 Qc1# 明顯的改進(jìn)是 4 Qd5 ，然后黑方想證明棄兵正確將有艱苦的事情去做。 布局小徑2：時(shí)間的考驗(yàn) Garry Lane/文 雙馬防御是布局中最著名的之一，顯然也重新流行。部分原因是如果誰要走 3.Bc5 ，將會有伊文思棄兵在等著他，同時(shí)得承認(rèn)白方趨向以 4 d3 進(jìn)入瑞高鋼琴的封閉變例也是原因。所以使用雙馬防御來對付 4 d3 是個(gè)不錯(cuò)的可行方案，基于.Be7, .0-0 以及通常急走.d5 ，其布局思想相

15、對地直接。當(dāng)然黑方這個(gè)布局抉擇面臨的最大挑戰(zhàn)是 4 Ng5 ，這導(dǎo)致了理論上的爭論，盡管有眾多非常高水平的對局了，但爭論仍然繼續(xù)。1 e4 e5 2 Nf3 Nc6 3 Bc4 Nf6 4 Ng5 d5 5 exd5 Na5 6 Bb5+ c6 7 dxc6 bxc6 8 Qf3 (圖1)這個(gè)變化很常見于希望對付那些勤奮研究過主變8 Be2 h6 9 Nf3 e4 10 Ne5 Bd6 11 d4 exd3 12 Nxd3 Qc7 各種關(guān)聯(lián)變化的情況。圖示局面中，對c6兵的攻擊對很多棋手起了促使作用，促使他們著手防御，而這直接帶來麻煩。J.Durao-O.Rause Cappelle la G

16、rande 19911 e4 e5 2 Nf3 Nc6 3 Bc4 Nf6 4 Ng5 d5 5 exd5 Na5 6 Bb5+ c6 7 dxc6 bxc6 8 Qf3 Bb7黑方對該局面的細(xì)微差別不熟悉的標(biāo)志。要點(diǎn)在于，根據(jù)白方的發(fā)展，保留 .Bg4 的選擇是個(gè)好主意。9 Bd3 Be7 10 Nc3 h6 11 Nge4 Nd7 12 0-0 0-0 13 Ng3 g6 14 Nf5! 馬躍入黑方心臟地帶。(圖2)14.gxf5艱難局勢下，黑方接受棄子并準(zhǔn)備力圖抵擋王翼的襲擊。如果 14.Bg5 那么白方 15 Nd6 之后大占優(yōu)勢。15 Qxf5 Nf6 16 Ne4 Re8第一眼看上

17、去，仿佛黑方已經(jīng)受了風(fēng)雨，因?yàn)樽钅┮徊狡褰o了黑王重要的撤退格，看如此變化就更明顯：17 Nxf6+ Bxf6 18 Qh7+ Kf8 19 Qxh6+ Bg7 成功擊退了白方的進(jìn)攻。17 b4!一步就擊碎了黑方渴望的幻想，因?yàn)楹隈R無處可逃，若 17.Bxb4 那么 18 Nxf6+ 之后黑方一敗涂地。17.c5 18 bxa5 Qd5 19 Qxf6 c4 20 Qxe7 白勝。上世紀(jì)80年代荷蘭特級大師John Van der Wiel幾次試過該布局了，結(jié)果不一。以下在維也納的激戰(zhàn)中他保住了多兵至殘局，但在很早階段就成和了。1 e4 e5 2 Nf3 Nc6 3 Bc4 Nf6 4 Ng5

18、d5 5 exd5 Na5 6 Bb5+ c6 7 dxc6 bxc6 8 Qf3 Qc7保護(hù)c6的靈活辦法。必須注意 8.cxb5 給白方太多子力了，因此之后作為防守策略的一部分白方可以部分歸還。例如在O'Kelly-Milic, Bled 1950對局里就是這樣的：9 Qxa8 Nb7 10 d4 exd4 11 0-0 Be7 12 a4 bxa4 13 Qxa7 0-0 14 Nf3 Bc5 15 Qxa4 Bd7 16 Qb3 Nd6 17 Bg5 Bb5 18 Nbd2 Bxf1 19 Kxf1 h6 20 Bxf6 Qxf6 21 Qd5 白方凈多一兵。9 Bd3 Bd6

19、 (圖3)同一次比賽中的后幾輪John Van der Wiel對Gligoric，黑方走了 9.h6 ，那盤對局繼續(xù)以 10 Ne4 Nd5 11 Nbc3 Nb4 12 Ng3 Nxd3+ 13 Qxd3 Nb7 14 0-0 Bc5 15 Nce4 Be7 16 Qf3 Qd7 17 Qh5 Qe6 18 d3 0-0 19 f4 f5 20 Nc3 白方稍占優(yōu)勢，并在62回合后將它轉(zhuǎn)化成勝利。10 Nc3 Bg4 11 Nb5! Bxf3 12 Nxc7+ Bxc7 13 gxf3白方多一兵，但不得不與f線疊兵和出子落后斗爭，結(jié)果最后成和。13.Nd5 14 h4 h6 15 Nh3

20、0-0 16 b3 Rad8 17 Ba3 Bd6 18 Bxd6 Rxd6 19 a3 1/2我相信尋找優(yōu)勢的最佳辦法是 8.Rb8 ，在正式比賽中遇到它是件頭疼的事，而在超快棋中則可以是很有殺傷力的，因?yàn)楹诜揭蜃恿钴S而擁有極好的補(bǔ)償。以下對局中，白方從一位經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的特級大師那里好好地上了一堂課，特級大師把白方的皇后追得滿盤逃跑，示范了盡管少了兩兵，但出子更佳之重要性。Yee-Bisguier Philadelphia 1995 1 e4 e5 2 Nf3 Nc6 3 Bc4 Nf6 4 Ng5 d5 5 exd5 Na5 6 Bb5+ c6 7 dxc6 bxc6 8 Qf3 Rb8避免

21、車被拴并誘請白方吃另一只兵。9 Bxc6+值得研究 9 Bd3 ，它維持了王翼進(jìn)攻之可行性的基礎(chǔ)。例如在 9.h6 10 Ne4 Nd5 11 b3 g6 12 Qg3 之后黑方可能會走：a) 12.Bg7 13 Ba3 Nb4 14 Ke2 0-0 15 c3 Bg4+ 16 Kf1 Qxd3+17 Qxd3 Nxd3 18 Bxf8 Rxf8 黑方殘局更好；b) 12.Nf4 13 Bb2 Bg7 14 Ba3 Nb7 15 Nbc3 f5 16 Ne2 g5 17Nxf4 exf4 18 Qxf3 最后成和。9.Nxc6 10 Qxc6+ Nd7 11 d3 Be7 12 Ne4 Rb6

22、 (圖4)黑方必須走活子力，而如果同時(shí)攻擊皇后則這更容易達(dá)成。黑方可隨即王車易位跟著.f5驅(qū)逐e4的中心馬。長遠(yuǎn)打算是不讓白方穩(wěn)步發(fā)展。13 Qa4 f5 14 Ng3 0-0 15 Nd2 Nc5 16 Qc4+ Be6 17 Qc3 Bd5 18 f3 Ne6 19 Ne2 Bc5 20 Kd1開局轉(zhuǎn)入中局，白方浮現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重問題，王滯留在中心，而他的后翼部隊(duì)只好看著黑方控制局面。20.e4 21 fxe4 fxe4 22 d4 Bd6 23 Nb3 Rc6 24 Qh3 a5 25 Be3 a4 26 Nd2 Qc7 27 c4 Rxc4 28 Nxc4 Qxc4黑方以棄兌成功保持了制造非常多

23、的戰(zhàn)術(shù)可能的要素，它們都需要白方進(jìn)行應(yīng)付。29 Bd2 Nxd4 30 Nxd4 Qxd4 31 Qc3 Qf2 32 Kc2 e3 33 Qxe3 Qf5+ 34 Kd1 Bxg2 35 Rg1 Bc5 36 Qg3 Bf3+ 37 Kc1 Bxg1 38 Qxg1 Rc8+ 39 Bc3 Qe4+ 40 Kc2 Be4+ 41 Kd1 Qf3+ 42 Ke1 Bg6 43 Qd4 Re8+ 黑勝。巴西的路西安諾最近碰到一盤法蘭西防御進(jìn)取變例，被一步相對少見的棋難住了： 1 e4 e6 2 d4 d5 3 e5 c5 4 c3 Nc6 5 Nf3 Qb6 6 Bd3 cxd4 7 cxd4

24、Bd7 8 0-0 Nxd4 9 Nxd4 Qxd4 10 Nc3 Qxe5 11 Re1 Qd6 12 Nb5 (圖5) 現(xiàn)在黑方走：12.Qb6我必須說，這個(gè)法蘭西進(jìn)取變例叫做米爾那-巴里棄兵變化，多年來導(dǎo)致白方許多速勝。但時(shí)間的考驗(yàn)依然嚴(yán)峻，防守的力量越來越強(qiáng)橫在多數(shù)走棄兵的棋手面前。這個(gè)例子里白方可以簡單重復(fù)對付12.Qb6：13 Be3 Qa5 14 Bd2 Qb6 15 Be3雖然不可避免的和棋對于那些走棄兵局的帶有進(jìn)取冒險(xiǎn)意圖的棋手幾乎不能說是理想的。值得注意的是，如果黑方想避開和棋，事情就會變得成問題了： Jilemnicka-Molnarova 捷克錦標(biāo)賽 1992 接圖51

25、2.Qb6 13 Be3 Qa5 14 Bd2 Qd8 15 Bf4 Rc8 16 Nxa7 Rc5 17 b4 Rc3 18 a3 Nf6 19 Nb5 Rc8 20 Na7 Ra8 21 Nb5 Bxb5 22 Bxb5+ Nd7 23 Qxd5 Ra7 24 Bb8漂亮結(jié)束的前奏。24.Ra8 25 Rad1 Rxb8 26 Bxd7+ Ke7 27 Rxe6+ 白勝。Opening Lanes by Gary LaneFlexible FianchettoesMark Jones (England) asks " What is the refutation of 1 Nf3

26、 Nf6 2 g3 g6 3 b4 which I have never seen before? I tried 3.a5 when after 4 b5 Bg7 I eventually lost". It might seem strange but the line 1 Nf3 Nf6 2 g3 g6 3 b4 (See Diagram) has actually been played by Bronstein, Petrosian and Smyslov. The advance of the b-pawn has the dual purpose of gaining

27、space on the queenside and avoiding lots of King's Indian theory after just three moves. The plan for White can consist of planting a knight on the c4 square having alreadyplayed e4 or even to play a type of English Opening with c4. A good idea of White's possibilities in presented in this g

28、ame where Smyslov gives a model example of how to deal with 3.a5.Smyslov-Ader Tel Aviv OL 1964 1 Nf3 Nf6 2 g3 g6 3 b4 a5 4 b5 c6 5 Na3 This is the move which usually surprises Black.The knight on the edge of the board does a good job of holding the position together. 5.d5 Black played 5.Bg7 in the g

29、ame Smyslov - Alvarez del Monte, Havana 1962. Although this is fairly sound White used the double finachetto to seize the advantage. The game continued: 6 Rb1 d5 7 c4 Nbd7 8 Bg2 Ne4 9 Bb2 Ndf6 10 0-0 Nd6 11 bxc6 bxc6 12 Ne5 Bd7, when White refuted Black's play with a clever combination with 13 c

30、xd5 cxd5 14 Nxd7 Qxd7 15 Bxd5! and Smyslov won a pawn with a clear advantage. 6 Bg2 Bg7 7 Bb2 0-0 8 c4 (See Diagram) 8.dxc4?! This allows White to take steer his queen's knight towards the centre. 8.Bg4 or 8.Bf5 have been suggested as possible improvements. 9 bxc6 Nxc6 10 Nxc4 Be6 11 Nce5 Nxe5 1

31、2 Bxe5 Qd7 13 0-0 Rfc8 Black has the benefit of a queenside pawn majority but it takes time to safely mobilize them. 14 Qb1 Bd5 15 d3 Qa4 16 e4 The first obvious sign thatWhite's long-term plan is to control the centre with his pawns.16.Bc6 17 Re1 Nd7 18 Bxg7 Kxg7 19 Qb2+ Kg8 20 Rab1 Rc7 21 d4!

32、The best way to prevent .Nc5 and now the threat is d5 when the bishop will have no escape squares. 22.Nf8 22 d5 Be8 23 e5 Rac8 24 d6 (See Diagram) 24.Rd7 If 24.exd6 then White is better after 25 exd6 Rd7 26 Bh3 f5 27 Re7. 25 Ng5 Rc2 26 Qb6 f6 27 Bd5+ Kg7 28 dxe7 1-0A popular way to handle this openi

33、ng is to try an early .d5. Itried this approach against GM Nigel Davies at Wrexham in 1997. 1 Nf3 Nf6 2 g3 g6 3 b4 Bg7 4 Bb2 0-0 5 Bg2 d5 6 0-0 Qd6 (See Diagram)It is probably premature to move the queen because it is difficult to successfully undermine the b-pawn. 7 a3 a5 8 Be5! Qb6 9 Nc3 c6 The of

34、fer of a pawn is not very tempting. For instance 9.axb4 10 axb4 Rxa1 11 Qxa1 Qxb4 12 Nxd5 restores material equality and gives White a promisinginitiative. 10 Na4 Qb5 11 Nc5 Nfd7 12 Bxg7 Kxg7 13 Nd3 Re8 14 Re1 e5 15 e4 when the position was fairly equal and ended in a draw after 40 moves. The right

35、way to conduct the Black pieces was given in a solid display by the old maestro himself.R. Moor-Smyslov, Zurich 1998 1 Nf3 Nf6 2 g3 d5 3 Bg2 g6 4 b4 Bg7 5 Bb2 0-0 6 0-0 c6 This is the difference compared to my game in the previous note. Smyslov sensibly supports the d-pawn and proceeds to concentrat

36、e on development. 7 d3 Bg4 8 Nbd2 a5 9 a3 Na6 10 Qb1 axb4 11 axb4 Qb6 12 Bc3 Nh5 13 Bxg7 Nxg7 14 c3 Bxf3 15 Bxf3 Ne6 16 Qb2 Nac7 17 e3 Rxa1 18 Rxa1 Ra8 (See Diagram)The game is level and ended in a draw after 49 moves.However, such positions are playable for Black but are more likely to appeal to Gr

37、uenfeld players who will happy to push their pawn to d5. Therefore, I will also recommend a King's Indian Defence set-up which is easy to learn but difficult to beat.G. Ottolini-M. Lanzani Vanzaghello 1997 1 Nf3 Nf6 2 g3 g6 3 b4 Bg7 4 Bb2 0-0 5 Bg2 d6 6 d4 Nbd7 7 0-0 e5 (SeeDiagram)A classic Kin

38、g's Indian set-up has arisen which is usually played against the main line g3 systems. Black has fianchettoed, the queen's knight has come to d7 to support the e5 advance and Lanzani strikes quickly to try and take advantage of the b4 thrust. 8 dxe5 Ng4 A standard trick whichtakes advantage

39、of the pin. 9 Nbd2 Ngxe5 10 Nxe5 Nxe5 11 Rb1 Be6 12 c4 c6 If 12.Nxc4? Black will soon lose after 13 Bxg7 Kxg7 14 Nxc4 Bxc4 15 Qd4+. 13 h3 d5 14 cxd5 Bxd5 15 Bxd5?! This allows the black queen to dominate the centre.15 f4 should be considered 15. Qxd5 16 Nb3 Qc4 17 a3 Rad8 18 Qe1 Rfe8 19 Bxe5 Rxe5 20

40、 e3 Rh5 Lanzani is intent on exposing the defensive problems associated with White exchanging the light-squared bishop. 21 Kg2 Qe4+ 22 f3 Qe6 23 Rh1 Rhd5 24 Rf1 Rd3 25 Nc5 Rd2+ 26 Rf2 Qa2 (See Diagram)The queen infiltrates on the queenside and is poised to grab a few pawns.27 Ne4 Rxf2+ 28 Nxf2 Qxa3

41、29 Ne4 Qa2+ 30 Kg1 f5 31 Nf2 Rd2 32 Rc1 Re2 0-1Fran噊is Morsa (Belgium) has sent an attractive game with the Philidor and asks about the latest developments.S. Mohammad-M. Orr Erevan OL 1996 1 e4 e5 2 Nf3 d6 3 d4 f5 4 Nc3 fxe4 5 Nxe4 d5 6 Ng3 e4 7 Ne5 Nf6 8 Nh5 g6 9 Nxf6+ Qxf6 10 Be2 Bd6 11 f4 0-0 12

42、 0-0 Nc6 13 Be3 Ne7 14 g4 Be6 15 Qe1 Kh8 16 Kh1 Rg8 17 Qg3 Rac8 18 b3 Rg7 19 c4 c5 20 Rac1 b6 21 f5 gxf5 22 g5 Qf8 23 Bf4 cxd4 24 Nf7+ Qxf7 25 Bxd6 d3 26 Bd1 dxc4 27 Be5 b5 28 bxc4 bxc4 29 Bh5 Qxh5 30 Bxg7+ Kxg7 31 Qe5+ Kf7 32 Qf6+ Ke8 33 Qxe6 Qg6 34 Qe5 Qc6 35 Rxf5 e3+ 36 Kg1 e2 37 Rb1 Qc5+0-1The o

43、pening certainly ensures Black a very sharp game but a suggestion by Motwani casts down on the whole variation.After 1 e4 e5 2 Nf3 d6 3 d4 f5 4 Nc3 fxe4 5 Nxe4 d5 (See Diagram) 6 Neg5! White accepts the challenge and goes on the offensive.If 6.e4 7 Ne5 Nh6 8 Nxh7! intending 9 Qh5+ is good while 6.h6

44、 is met by the surprising 7 Nf7 Kxf7 8 Nxe5+ with astrong attack.Brian Wilson (England) wants to know: "What is the Englund Gambit?"Nowadays, it is sometimes difficult to keep up with the names of obscure openings because the name seems to change from country to country. I assume you are r

45、eferring to 1 d4 e5 (See Diagram)It is not without its supporters and a few players have fallen for the following line: 2 dxe5 Nc6 3 Nf3 Qe7 4 Bf4 Qb4+ 5 Bd2 Qxb2 6 Bc3? Bb4 7 Qd2 Bxc3 8 Qxc3 Qc1 mate.An obvious improvement is 4 Qd5 when Black will have a tough job justifying the loss of a pawn.From

46、 Paul Bentley (England): "I play the Nimzovitch 1 e4 Nc6 but lots of boring opponents play 2 Nf3 rather than 2 d4. I have tried 2.d6 and 2.e5 but the latter resulted in having to contend with 15 moves of Ruy Lopez theory. Is 2. d5 good?"It sounds like a good idea because Black has an inter

47、esting game if it transposes to a position which can come about after 1 e4 d5 2 exd5 Qxd5 3 Nc3 Qa5 4 Nf3 Nc6 5 d4 Bg4 6 Bb5 0-0-0 7 Bxc6 bxc6 when Black has play against the d-pawn. The right way for White to handle the opening is revealed in the following game.1 e4 Nc6 2 Nf3 d5 Your question about

48、 what happens after 2.d5 is very reasonable. Well, in simple terms, Black has transposed into a poor line of the Scandinavian (Center-Counter). 3 exd5 Qxd5 4 Nc3 Qa5 5 Bb5 (See Diagram)5 d4 is possible but the key to this transposition is to avoid playing it! The point is that with .Nc6 Black tends

49、to target the pawn on d4 and if there isn't one there it looks a waste of time.That is bad because Black usually plays .c6 to provide an escape route for the queen. 5.Bd7 Or 5.Bg4 6 h3! Bh5 7 g4 Bh5 8 Ne5 when the pin on the knight gives White a big advantage. Therefore, the black bishop is obli

50、ged to develop on a passive square.6 0-0 a6 This makes sense to secure the bishop pair as compensation forthe lack of development. If 6.0-0-0 White should avoid 7 d4, preferring 7 Qe2. 7 Bxc6 Bxc6 8 d4 0-0-0 9 Ne5 Be8It looks odd but Black is determined to hang on to the bishop pair. 9.Bd5? 10 b4 Qx

51、b4 11 Nxd5 Rxd5 12 Nxf7+-. 10 b4! (See Diagram)A new move at the time, as only 10 Qf3 or 10 Be3 used to be played. 10.Qb6 On 10.Qxb4 White soon gets a tremendous attack after 11 Qf3 c6 12 Rb1 Qxd4 13 Bf4. 11 Be3 e6 12 Rb1 f6 13 Nc4 Qc6 14 Na5! Qxc3 Giving up the queen, but 14.Qd7 15 b5 is excellent

52、for White.15 Rb3 After the text move everything is simple. The game concluded: 15.Bxb4 16 Rxc3 Bxc3 17 Nxb7! Kxb7 18 Qb1+ Ka8 19 Qb3 Bxd4 (19.Ba5 20 Qa3 Bb6 21 Qf8! wins) 20 Bxd4 Bb5 21 c4 Bc6 22 Qa3 Bb7 23 Qc5 Kb8 24 Rb1 Kc8 25 Qa7 1-0 Emms-Kristensen, Esbjerg 1996.Opening Lanes by Gary LaneThe Tes

53、t of TimePatrick Ramsey (USA) poses the question "Is there anywhere I can find recent info on the Two Knight's gambit line 1 e4 e5 2 Nf3 Nc6 3 Bc4 Nf6 4 Ng5 d5. In particular I've been getting dashed in blitz games by the line 5 exd5 Na5 6 Bb5+ c6 7 dxc6 bxc6 8 Qf3 (!)" The Two Kni

54、ghts is one of the most popular openings around and is certainly back in fashion.This is partly due to the fact that the Evans Gambit lies in wait for those who try 3.Bc5 and also an acknowledgment that White tends to enter the closed version of the Giuoco Piano with 4 d3. Therefore, using the Two K

55、nights to cope with 4 d3 is a good practical plan as the opening ideas are relatively straightforward as it is based on the moves .Be7, .0-0 and usually a quick .d5. Of course, the biggest challenge to Black's opening choice comes in the form of 4 Ng5 and this has led to a theoretical debate whi

56、ch is still continuing despite numerous games played at the very highest level.The line 1 e4 e5 2 Nf3 Nc6 3 Bc4 Nf6 4 Ng5 d5 5 exd5 Na5 6 Bb5+ c6 7 dxc6 bxc6 8 Qf3 has been seen fairly often by those who wish to catch out an opponent who has been studiously examining the various complications associ

57、ated with 8 Be2 h6 9 Nf3 e4 10 Ne5 Bd6 11 d4 exd3 12 Nxd3 Qc7 which is the main line. In the diagrammed position the attack on the c6 pawn has prompted numerous players to start defending whichleads directly to trouble.J.Durao-O.Rause Cappelle la Grande 19911 e4 e5 2 Nf3 Nc6 3 Bc4 Nf6 4 Ng5 d5 5 exd

58、5 Na5 6 Bb5+ c6 7 dxc6 bxc6 8 Qf3 Bb7A sign that Black is not familiar with the nuances of the position. The point is that depending on how White develops it is a good idea to reserve the option of .Bg4. 9 Bd3 Be7 10 Nc3 h6 11 Nge4 Nd7 12 0-0 0-0 13 Ng3 g6 14 Nf5! The knight enters the heart of Black's position.14.gxf5In a difficult position Bla