高一英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)詞法和句法資料講解

1、高一英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)詞法和句法詞類詞類4. 形容詞（形容詞（ective） 5. 副詞（副詞（erb）6. 數(shù)詞（數(shù)詞（eral） 基數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞 序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞 ： 冠詞（冠詞（icle) ,a/an, the 2. 介詞（介詞（）, 如：如：on, at, in等；等； 3. 連詞（連詞（unction），）， 如：如：and, but等；等； 4. 感嘆詞（感嘆詞（jection），如：），如： Oh!Ah!等。等。 句子成分句子成分主謂賓表主謂賓表定狀補(bǔ)定狀補(bǔ)同位語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)1. 1. I like English and so does Tom. Seeing is believing.To see

2、 is to believe.What he said upset me.主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)表示所說(shuō)的對(duì)象是表示所說(shuō)的對(duì)象是“誰(shuí)誰(shuí)”或者是或者是“什么什么”.主語(yǔ)一般由主語(yǔ)一般由名詞、代詞名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞,如短語(yǔ)如短語(yǔ)doing, to do或從句充當(dāng)。或從句充當(dāng)。2. 2. Nobody knows him. The rich are not always happy. I am getting off at the next station. Will you have to go tomorrow?I wonder if it is because I havent be

3、en able to be outdoors for so long that Ive grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. 謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)位置一般在主語(yǔ)之后，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的位置一般在主語(yǔ)之后，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作動(dòng)作或或狀態(tài)狀態(tài)。謂語(yǔ)只能由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)充謂語(yǔ)只能由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)當(dāng)。3. We love our motherland. He gave up smoking last year. Do you understand what I mean? You need to think more in your studies. 賓語(yǔ)賓

4、語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)是賓語(yǔ)是及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作的所表示的動(dòng)作的對(duì)象對(duì)象，或或介詞介詞所支配的所支配的對(duì)象對(duì)象。名詞、代詞。名詞、代詞（賓格）、數(shù)詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、（賓格）、數(shù)詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、如如doing, to do或其他短語(yǔ)或從句都或其他短語(yǔ)或從句都可以作賓語(yǔ)?？梢宰髻e語(yǔ)。4. 4. That sounds good.He became angry.My dream has come true.Seeing is believing.To see is to believe.This is where he lives. 表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)放在系動(dòng)詞表語(yǔ)放在系動(dòng)詞(be(be等等) )之后，用

5、來(lái)說(shuō)明之后，用來(lái)說(shuō)明主主語(yǔ)的特征、性質(zhì)、身份或狀態(tài)語(yǔ)的特征、性質(zhì)、身份或狀態(tài)等。名詞、等。名詞、形容詞、副詞、代詞、分詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、形容詞、副詞、代詞、分詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或從句都可以用作表語(yǔ)。動(dòng)名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或從句都可以用作表語(yǔ)。5 5You are hard-working students. a woman driver , a swimming pool a seven-day holiday , something new a man named Chuck Noland We should have someone to care about. Who is the

6、 boy in the hat?Machines were made which used this kind of power. 定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ) 主要由形容詞或與之相當(dāng)?shù)钠渌~類，如主要由形容詞或與之相當(dāng)?shù)钠渌~類，如非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)i i才或其他短語(yǔ)或從句充當(dāng)。定語(yǔ)用才或其他短語(yǔ)或從句充當(dāng)。定語(yǔ)用來(lái)來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞修飾名詞或代詞. .6.6. They are working very hard. Surely, we will help you. He was reading yesterday afternoon. Unless he studies hard, he wont make p

7、rogress. .狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ) 主要由副詞，或與之相當(dāng)?shù)钠渌~類，主要由副詞，或與之相當(dāng)?shù)钠渌~類，如非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或介詞短語(yǔ)或從句充當(dāng)。狀如非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或介詞短語(yǔ)或從句充當(dāng)。狀語(yǔ)用來(lái)語(yǔ)用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子。子。The bad news made us upset.We call her Jenny.They found him out.Tired and sleepy, I went to bed.7.7.補(bǔ)語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。由形容詞，名詞，補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。由形容詞，名詞，代詞，數(shù)詞等充當(dāng)。代詞，數(shù)詞等充當(dāng)。 This is Miss Hua

8、ng, our English teacher. She herself said so. Are you two ready? These desks are made for us students. The news that our team won the game makes us happy.8. 8. 同位語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)對(duì)前面名詞或代詞做進(jìn)一步解釋說(shuō)明。對(duì)前面名詞或代詞做進(jìn)一步解釋說(shuō)明。由名詞，數(shù)詞，代詞或從句充當(dāng)。由名詞，數(shù)詞，代詞或從句充當(dāng)。to forA. 只包含一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)只包含一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu) Mary opened the door. B. 兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)

9、和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ) Steve and his friend are coming to dinner. C. 一個(gè)主語(yǔ)和并列謂語(yǔ)一個(gè)主語(yǔ)和并列謂語(yǔ) Mary opened the door and greeted the guests.D.兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)和兩個(gè)并列謂語(yǔ)兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)和兩個(gè)并列謂語(yǔ) Mary and Steve went to the shop, bought some fruit and visited their friend. 1. I turned on the TV. We watched it. I turned on the TV and we watched it. 2.

10、He made a promise. He didnt keep it He made a promise, but he didnt keep it. and (2) 但是但是 ,而是而是 but / yet/ and yet 然而，而，而且然而，而，而且 while (3) 就在這個(gè)時(shí)候就在這個(gè)時(shí)候 when (4) 或者或者,還是還是 or (5) 否則否則 or / or else / otherwise (6) 因?yàn)橐驗(yàn)?for (7) 因此，所以因此，所以 so (8) bothand; neither nornot only but also ; eitheror Not onl

11、y is he interested in football but also his parents are beginning to show interest in it. Either you leave the room or I call the police. 用合適的詞填空：用合適的詞填空： He is a hard- working student, _we neednt make him study. 2. The day breaks, _the birds are singing. 3. When mother came back, she found I was wa

12、tching TV _ my younger sister was doing cleaning. 4. One day Chuck Noland was on a flight across the Pacific Ocean _his plane crashed. 1.5. Study hard _you will fail to pass the exam. soforwhilewhenor 1. He has two children. They are students. 2. He has two children ; they are students. 3. He has tw

13、o children and they are students. 4. Because he studies very hard, he does well in his class. 5. He has two children who are students.I wonder if you could give me a hand.。從句主句 Anne wished she could tell people everything that she had gone through in the concentration camp（集中營(yíng)）（集中營(yíng)）.復(fù)合句中，主句只有一個(gè)，從句可以

14、復(fù)合句中，主句只有一個(gè)，從句可以有有n個(gè)個(gè) . ( n 1 )She said that she was unhappy and that she would tell my manager about this.2）vI hope that everything is all right.vShe was reading the newspaper when I came in.vShe is the girl who sings best of all.賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從定語(yǔ)從句句vIt is such a big box that nobody can move it

15、. vHe didnt come yesterday because he was ill. vIll give the letter to him when I see him. vWell go to the great wall if its fine tomorrow. vAlthough the place is quite pleasant, we should not go there all the time.He has found out .She was late. (why)I still remember the day .I first came to Beijin

16、g on that day.(when)I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.He has found out why she was late.1. My roommate was sleeping, we didnt want to wake her up.改正：改正：My roommate was sleeping .We didnt want to wake her up.My roommate was sleeping, so we didnt want to wake her up.2. I went to be

17、d Because I was tired.改正：改正： I went to bed because I was tired.1.Ill give the letter to him .I see him.(時(shí)間時(shí)間)2.He didnt come yesterday .He was ill. (原因原因)3.It is such a big box .Nobody can move it.(結(jié)果結(jié)果)4.Well go to the great wall .Its fine tomorrow. (條件條件)5.We should not go there all the time. The

18、place is quite pleasant.(讓步讓步)1. With autumn _, the weather becomes colder and colder.2. With a lot of difficult problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled 3. The thief was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back. A. being tied B. having tied