高考英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作-句子美化教學(xué)內(nèi)容

1、高考英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作-句子美化 高考作文評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)高考作文評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)第六檔第六檔(很好很好)；(26-30分分) 1. 完全完成了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。完全完成了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。 2. 覆蓋所有內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)。覆蓋所有內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)。 3. 應(yīng)用了較多的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯應(yīng)用了較多的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯。 4. 語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面有些許錯(cuò)誤，但為盡力使用較復(fù)語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面有些許錯(cuò)誤，但為盡力使用較復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)或較高級(jí)詞匯所致雜結(jié)構(gòu)或較高級(jí)詞匯所致；具備較強(qiáng)的語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力。；具備較強(qiáng)的語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力。 5. 有效地使用了語(yǔ)句間的連接成分，使全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。有效地使用了語(yǔ)句間的連接成分，使全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。 6. 完全達(dá)到了預(yù)期的寫(xiě)作目的。完全

2、達(dá)到了預(yù)期的寫(xiě)作目的。 第五檔第五檔(好好)：(21-25分分) 1. 完全完成了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。完全完成了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。 2. 雖漏掉雖漏掉1、2個(gè)次重點(diǎn)，但覆蓋所有主要內(nèi)容。個(gè)次重點(diǎn)，但覆蓋所有主要內(nèi)容。 3. 應(yīng)用的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯能滿足任務(wù)的要求。應(yīng)用的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯能滿足任務(wù)的要求。 4. 語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面應(yīng)用基本準(zhǔn)確，些許錯(cuò)誤主要是語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面應(yīng)用基本準(zhǔn)確，些許錯(cuò)誤主要是因嘗試較復(fù)雜語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯所致。因嘗試較復(fù)雜語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯所致。 5. 應(yīng)用簡(jiǎn)單的語(yǔ)句間的連接成分，使全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。應(yīng)用簡(jiǎn)單的語(yǔ)句間的連接成分，使全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。 6. 達(dá)到了預(yù)期的寫(xiě)作目的。達(dá)到了預(yù)期的寫(xiě)作

3、目的。從中我們可以看出在寫(xiě)作中運(yùn)用高級(jí)詞匯和較多的語(yǔ)法結(jié)從中我們可以看出在寫(xiě)作中運(yùn)用高級(jí)詞匯和較多的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)是提高寫(xiě)作檔次的重要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。構(gòu)是提高寫(xiě)作檔次的重要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。一、如何使用高級(jí)詞匯一、如何使用高級(jí)詞匯1擇詞要準(zhǔn)確、貼切。擇詞要準(zhǔn)確、貼切。He is a good man. He is good-looking.He is a kind-hearted man.He is handsome.在選擇詞語(yǔ)時(shí)，要避免用上位詞來(lái)代替下位詞，在選擇詞語(yǔ)時(shí)，要避免用上位詞來(lái)代替下位詞，特別是形容詞和副詞。如特別是形容詞和副詞。如good是上位詞，而要描是上位詞，而要描寫(xiě)一個(gè)人不能只說(shuō)寫(xiě)一個(gè)人不能只說(shuō)He

4、is a good man.而應(yīng)該用而應(yīng)該用相應(yīng)的下位詞來(lái)表達(dá)更準(zhǔn)確的意思。如：相應(yīng)的下位詞來(lái)表達(dá)更準(zhǔn)確的意思。如：generous，kind-hearted等。同樣地，描寫(xiě)某人等。同樣地，描寫(xiě)某人的長(zhǎng)相，也不能只用的長(zhǎng)相，也不能只用good-looking，而應(yīng)該選擇，而應(yīng)該選擇handsome，attractive，slim等詞匯，使之具體等詞匯，使之具體化，更貼切、更形象?；?，更貼切、更形象。2避免重復(fù)、富有變化。避免重復(fù)、富有變化。在一段話或一篇文章中有時(shí)需要表達(dá)同樣的意思，在一段話或一篇文章中有時(shí)需要表達(dá)同樣的意思，這時(shí)可以選用不同的詞匯來(lái)表達(dá)，以避免重復(fù)和這時(shí)可以選用不同的詞匯來(lái)表

5、達(dá)，以避免重復(fù)和單調(diào)，從而使文章富有變化。但不要絕對(duì)化，有單調(diào)，從而使文章富有變化。但不要絕對(duì)化，有時(shí)適當(dāng)?shù)闹貜?fù)是必要的。時(shí)適當(dāng)?shù)闹貜?fù)是必要的。The Beijing Olympic Games show that China can do something big and splendid. Also，they show that China has been becoming increasingly strong and powerful. 3表達(dá)新穎、尋求亮點(diǎn)。表達(dá)新穎、尋求亮點(diǎn)。It is more and more difficult to find jobs in China

6、nowadays.Its really a difficult task for me.increasingly difficultchallenging選詞時(shí)適當(dāng)選用別人使用較少的詞，可以使自己選詞時(shí)適當(dāng)選用別人使用較少的詞，可以使自己與眾不同與眾不同，從而取得，從而取得出奇制勝出奇制勝的效果。的效果。4短語(yǔ)替詞、展示實(shí)力短語(yǔ)替詞、展示實(shí)力。(1)The boy is _,but he never loses hope.(同義詞同義詞poor)(2)I have _ to study English better this term.(同義詞同義詞decided)(3)I _ how to

7、enlarge my vocabulary. (同義詞同義詞dont know)(4)We will _ the matter _ (同義詞同義詞consider)(5) He _ music so much that he de-votes much time to it.(同義詞同義詞likes）made up my mindhave no ideatake into account /consideration如果能用短語(yǔ)代替單詞，一方面會(huì)使文章生動(dòng)，如果能用短語(yǔ)代替單詞，一方面會(huì)使文章生動(dòng)，另另 一方面則會(huì)展示你的實(shí)力，這會(huì)使閱卷老師對(duì)一方面則會(huì)展示你的實(shí)力，這會(huì)使閱卷老師對(duì)你你刮目相

8、看刮目相看，從而，從而提高提高文章的文章的檔次檔次。is fond ofbadly off5巧用習(xí)語(yǔ)、引人入勝。巧用習(xí)語(yǔ)、引人入勝。(1)He promised to show us around the city，but soon he ate his words.(2)Many families used to struggle to make ends meet.(3)He has been a laughing stock of the class.(4)Why did she turn a deaf ear to what I said?語(yǔ)言是文化的載體，習(xí)語(yǔ)又是語(yǔ)言的精華。語(yǔ)言是文

9、化的載體，習(xí)語(yǔ)又是語(yǔ)言的精華。恰當(dāng)恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂盟瑫?huì)給文章增色，加強(qiáng)文章的感染力，地使用它，會(huì)給文章增色，加強(qiáng)文章的感染力，從而引人入勝。從而引人入勝。收回前言收回前言使收支相抵使收支相抵笑柄笑柄置若罔聞、不理睬置若罔聞、不理睬6引用諺語(yǔ)。引用諺語(yǔ)。和漢語(yǔ)一樣，英語(yǔ)中也有大量諺語(yǔ)。和漢語(yǔ)一樣，英語(yǔ)中也有大量諺語(yǔ)。若能在寫(xiě)作中恰當(dāng)運(yùn)用，會(huì)給文章增色不少。若能在寫(xiě)作中恰當(dāng)運(yùn)用，會(huì)給文章增色不少。(1)Time and tide wait for no man.(2)Actions speak louder than words.(3)He who laughs last laughs best.(4

10、)It is no use crying over spilt milk.(5)Practice makes perfect.(6) Every coin has two sides.(7) Where there is a will, there is a way.(8) Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.【體驗(yàn)寫(xiě)作】【體驗(yàn)寫(xiě)作】.用更貼切的詞來(lái)代替畫(huà)線的詞用更貼切的詞來(lái)代替畫(huà)線的詞1Terry is such a good boy that every student wants to get along with him

11、. 2It is cold this winter. A drop of water will freeze in no time. 3He is a nice student. He often makes us laugh and we have much fun with him. 4Peter is good to others. He always gives away things to those in trouble.5The house is good .Look at the sofas，tables and so on.well-furnishedkind-hearted

12、freezinghumorousgenerous.用正確的固定短語(yǔ)替換畫(huà)線部分用正確的固定短語(yǔ)替換畫(huà)線部分(不得改變句意不得改變句意) 1The club has twenty members.2The dog sensed danger and ran away. 3He said he would help me if necessary.4Surprisingly，the little girl knows so many things.5They advised me on how to solve the problem.6The man is jobless and he feel

13、s upset. 7When I saw the horse，I began to cheer up.is made up of/ consists ofwas aware ofgive me a hand/come to my aidTo our surprisegave me some adviceout of work/out of a jobcaught sight of二、如何使用較多的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)二、如何使用較多的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)1為了達(dá)到簡(jiǎn)潔的目的，我們常常用短語(yǔ)來(lái)代替為了達(dá)到簡(jiǎn)潔的目的，我們常常用短語(yǔ)來(lái)代替句子。這其中包括：句子。這其中包括：(1)不定式短語(yǔ)不定式短語(yǔ)You are so

14、kind that you help me.You are so kind as to help me.Its so kind of you to help me.(2)過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)The teacher walked out of the lab and some students followed him.The teacher walked out of the lab，followed by some students.(3)現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)If you stand here, you can see it clearly.Standing here

15、, you can see it clearly.(4)with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)The teacher walked out of the lab and some students followed him.The teacher walked out of the lab, with some students following him.(5) 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)If the weather permits，Ill come tomorrow.Weather permitting，Ill come tomorrow.2使用復(fù)合句把兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句連接起來(lái)，使使用復(fù)合句把兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)

16、單句連接起來(lái)，使句子變得簡(jiǎn)潔、緊湊。句子變得簡(jiǎn)潔、緊湊。The girl is spoken highly of. Her composition was well written.The girl whose composition was well written is spoken highly of. The reason why the girl is spoken highly of is that her composition was well written.3選擇別人少用的句式或結(jié)構(gòu)將會(huì)使你的文章選擇別人少用的句式或結(jié)構(gòu)將會(huì)使你的文章“不同凡響不同凡響”。(1)倒裝句倒裝句

17、They are so grateful to their partners that they dont know what to do.So grateful are they to their partners that they dont know what to do.(2)強(qiáng)調(diào)句強(qiáng)調(diào)句What he said at the meeting surprised everybody.It was what he said at the meeting that surprised everybody.(3)虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣_(如果我是領(lǐng)如果我是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)）導(dǎo)）,I would listen

18、to citizens._(要不是你的幫助），要不是你的幫助），I would have suffered a lot in the snow.If I were a leader/Were I a leaderBut for your help/If it had not been for your help4為了使句子表達(dá)生動(dòng)，可使用感嘆句和反問(wèn)句為了使句子表達(dá)生動(dòng)，可使用感嘆句和反問(wèn)句He has made great progress in recent years.What great progress he has made in recent years!They believe

19、 what you said.Dont they believe what you said?5.我們也可以使用比喻、擬人等修辭手法。修辭手我們也可以使用比喻、擬人等修辭手法。修辭手法能給讀者留下較深刻的印象，具有強(qiáng)大的感染法能給讀者留下較深刻的印象，具有強(qiáng)大的感染力力。To finish the work ahead of time，they have been as busy as a bee recently.August 8th,2008 saw Beijing holding the opening ceremony of the 29th Olympic Games.另外，句式也要

20、精心選擇。如談到環(huán)境保護(hù)時(shí)，另外，句式也要精心選擇。如談到環(huán)境保護(hù)時(shí)，We must take measures to protect our environment 遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不如遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不如Measures must be taken to protect our environment.表達(dá)有力。表達(dá)有力?！倔w驗(yàn)寫(xiě)作】體驗(yàn)寫(xiě)作】.用正確的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)替換下列畫(huà)線的句子用正確的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)替換下列畫(huà)線的句子(注意注意不得改變句意不得改變句意)1. When you are trapped in the fire, keep calm.2. Because he has so many things to

21、 do, he feels stressful.3. As he has been sentenced to 15 years in prison, Jim is in a hopeless state.4. When he saw his mother, the boy ran up to her.5. As it has hosted the 29th Olympics success-fully, Beijing becomes a hit.(When )trapped in the fireWith/Having so many things to do(Having been)Sen

22、tenced to 15years in prisonSeeing his motherHaving hosted 1.如果他聽(tīng)了我的話，他就不會(huì)失去他的工作。如果他聽(tīng)了我的話，他就不會(huì)失去他的工作。(follow)_, he wouldnt have lost his job.2. 隨著考試的到來(lái)，學(xué)生們忙著他們的學(xué)業(yè)。隨著考試的到來(lái)，學(xué)生們忙著他們的學(xué)業(yè)。(approach)With _, the students are busy with their studies.3.房?jī)r(jià)將要下跌的消息使得很多人以更低的價(jià)格出售了房?jī)r(jià)將要下跌的消息使得很多人以更低的價(jià)格出售了他們的房子。他們的房子。(fall)The news _ has caused many people to sell their houses at lower price.4. 受到老師的表?yè)P(yáng)，他又恢復(fù)了自信。受到老師的表?yè)P(yáng)，他又恢復(fù)了自信。(praise)_,he regained confidence.5.任何別的地方你不可能看到像武漢一樣多的橋任何別的地方你不可能看到像武漢一樣多的橋