指整體中的一部分

1、include: have sb/sth as a part 包含,包括The tour included a visit to the Science Museum.Your duties will include telling stories to the children in bed.The band played many songs, _ some of my favourites.The band played many songs, some of my favourites_.includingincludedinclude 指整體中的一部分，通常用在俯加或補充指整體中的一

2、部分，通常用在俯加或補充說明；說明；contain 著重指作為組成部分而被包含在內(nèi)，可指著重指作為組成部分而被包含在內(nèi)，可指具體抽象的事物。具體抽象的事物。The jar _ sugar.We no longer _him among our friends.The box _ only a few warm-weather clothes.Youll find the plan_ most of your suggestions.includecontainscontains includeThey will send you the book for $5, postage_.A incl

3、uding B included C includes D is includedIt is a book_30 separate stories.A contains B includes C containing D includingBCexpect vt. 期待, 期望Im expecting a telephone call.They expect rain on Sunday.His parents expect much of him.vt. 預料；預期口I expect hell pass the examination.vi. 分娩 口be expecting = be ex

4、pecting a babyIm afraid that my wife is expecting again.恐怕我老婆又懷孕了。give in 屈服，投降 One shouldnt give in while she/he stands and Sees.(只要一息尚存）give in =turn in /hand in 上交All papers should be given in before 12:30.give in to sb向屈服Mary usually has to give in to his little brother.He has given in to my vie

5、ws.(他接受了我的觀點）give away :分發(fā)，頒發(fā)（獎品) , 捐贈, 泄露（秘密），背叛, 出賣DAgive back 歸還give off 散發(fā)出（氣味，光，熱等）give out 分發(fā)，發(fā)表，用完， 精疲力竭give up (doing) sth 放棄，獻出交出，投降Children who are always _ by their parentswill soon become spoiled（寵壞）A. give in B. given in C. give in to D. given in to Dont mention that at the beginning of

6、 the story,or it may _the shocking ending.A. give away B. give out C. give up D. give offruin :毀壞，破壞 ruins :廢墟，遺跡in ruins 成為廢墟，遭到嚴重破壞Drink led to his ruin.The house across the street is in ruins.Our plan is in ruins.(計劃落空）bring sth. to ruin 使毀滅沒落bring sb. to ruin 使某人失敗; 使傾家蕩產(chǎn)bring ruin upon oneself

7、自取滅亡fall/go/come in ruin 毀滅, 滅亡; 崩潰;vt 使毀滅，使敗壞You will ruin your prospects, if you continue to be so foolish.The storm ruined the crops.After the war, most of the houses_. A. was in ruin B. were in ruin C. was in ruins D. were in ruinsAfter the earthquake, the whole city_. A. was in ruin B. was brou

8、ght in ruin C. fell into ruins D. lay in ruins DDdamage v.&n. 功能，外觀或價值等方面遭到功能，外觀或價值等方面遭到“損害損害”，這種傷，這種傷害害往往可以恢復往往可以恢復.destroy v. 指某種力量指某種力量“殺死或摧毀殺死或摧毀”某人或某物，往往某人或某物，往往不可以不可以恢復恢復.Ruin v.&n. 則表示破壞嚴重則表示破壞嚴重,以致不能修復以致不能修復,但這種破壞不像但這種破壞不像destroy那樣毀滅某物那樣毀滅某物,而是強調致使該物的使用價值發(fā)生了問題。而是強調致使該物的使用價值發(fā)生了問題。用作動詞

9、時用作動詞時,它作它作使毀滅使毀滅、使崩潰使崩潰、弄糟弄糟解解;用作名詞時用作名詞時,它它表示表示毀滅毀滅、瓦解瓦解、廢墟廢墟等抽象概念。等抽象概念。ruin也有借喻的用法也有借喻的用法 Youll _your health if you go on like this. The accident did a lot of _ to his car. The flood _the whole village. vt & vi 燒烤曬（干）燒焦，曬傷黑They burnt the forest and planted crops for theircows.Be careful not

10、to burn the fish.Paper burns easily.My skin burns easily.burn n 燒傷，灼傷 燒毀，燒光，燒盡The house (was) burnt down.When I got home, I found the gas _butthe door remained_. A burned, locking B burning locking C to light to lock D burning lockedI_ my finger when cooking.The house _to the ground.Do you smell sth

11、 _now?Damp wood wont _wellDburntwas burntburningburnRe 前綴：重復，再recreate 再創(chuàng)造 remarry再婚 reborn再生的 return返回refill再裝 recount 再算，再數(shù) rename 重新命名 renew更新改革 retell 復述 review復習 修復，重建 重建，改造restore 為書面語，指恢復，修復到原來正常樣子或為書面語，指恢復，修復到原來正常樣子或狀態(tài)，可以指健康，秩序等方面的恢復狀態(tài)，可以指健康，秩序等方面的恢復rebuild 指指“再建；改建；加建再建；改建；加建”，不一定恢復到原，不一定恢復到原來的樣子。來的樣子。The picture was clearly_. The factory was _two years agoHe is now completely _in health.restoredrebuiltrestoredproject 常指規(guī)模較大，有系統(tǒng)的工程，項目，在實常指規(guī)模較大，有系統(tǒng)的工程，項目，在實際運用中，際運用中， 也表示規(guī)模較小的科研或學習計