優(yōu)秀碩士論文參考火災(zāi)煙霧自動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì)

1、石家莊鐵道大學(xué)四方學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)火災(zāi)自動(dòng)報(bào)警系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)Automatic Fire Alarm System 2011 屆 電 氣 工 程 系專業(yè) 自動(dòng)化 學(xué)號(hào) 學(xué)生姓名 指導(dǎo)教師 劉 揚(yáng) 完成日期 2011年5月25 日畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)成績(jī)單學(xué)生姓名學(xué)號(hào)班級(jí)專業(yè)自動(dòng)化畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)題目火災(zāi)自動(dòng)報(bào)警系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)指導(dǎo)教師姓名劉 揚(yáng)指導(dǎo)教師職稱講師評(píng) 定 成 績(jī)指導(dǎo)教師得分評(píng)閱人得分答辯小組組長(zhǎng)得分成績(jī)：院長(zhǎng)(主任) 簽字：年 月 日題目火災(zāi)自動(dòng)報(bào)警系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)生姓名學(xué)號(hào)班級(jí)專業(yè)電氣工程及其自動(dòng)化承擔(dān)指導(dǎo)任務(wù)單位電氣工程系導(dǎo)師姓名劉揚(yáng)導(dǎo)師職稱講師一、主要內(nèi)容要求單片機(jī)與煙霧傳感器互聯(lián)，通過(guò)數(shù)碼管將相應(yīng)的濃度數(shù)值顯示出來(lái)，

2、或啟動(dòng)喇叭工作。二、基本要求1使用STC89系列單片機(jī)配合溫度控制傳感器工作。2采用半導(dǎo)體電阻和AD變換器采集數(shù)字信息。采用煙霧傳感器識(shí)別火焰。3使用Keil C編程。實(shí)現(xiàn)相關(guān)邏輯控制。4電路原理圖設(shè)計(jì)。5提出系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)框圖，提出相應(yīng)的解決方案。6需單片機(jī)和芯片，開(kāi)發(fā)電路板，煙霧傳感器和步進(jìn)電機(jī)以及驅(qū)動(dòng)電路模塊。7. 分組人數(shù)2人，分別為傳感器AD模塊設(shè)計(jì)；顯示屏模塊設(shè)計(jì)；單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)等幾個(gè)部分的開(kāi)發(fā)。三、主要技術(shù)指標(biāo)1電壓直流5V，工作電流小于500mA。2. 可實(shí)現(xiàn)要求基本功能。3. 電路原理圖4. 論文正文不少于1.5萬(wàn)字，查閱文獻(xiàn)資料不少于10篇，其中外文文獻(xiàn)2篇以上，翻譯與課題有關(guān)的

3、外文資料不少于3000漢字。四、應(yīng)收集的資料及參考文獻(xiàn)C語(yǔ)言開(kāi)發(fā)關(guān)于STC89系列相關(guān)單片機(jī)開(kāi)發(fā)文檔。傳感器應(yīng)用電路400例 王煜東 中國(guó)電力出版社五、進(jìn)度計(jì)劃1第1周第2周 調(diào)研、收集材料，完成開(kāi)題報(bào)告；2第3周-第4周 分析、確定方案 ；3第5周-第11周 設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)、編寫單片機(jī)程序；4第12周-第15周 撰寫論文；5第16周 完善論文，答辯。教研室主任簽字時(shí)間年月日畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)開(kāi)題報(bào)告題目火災(zāi)自動(dòng)報(bào)警系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)生姓名學(xué)號(hào)班 級(jí)專業(yè)自動(dòng)化一、本課題的研究背景火災(zāi)，是指在實(shí)踐或空間上失去控制的燃燒所造成的災(zāi)害。人類能夠?qū)疬M(jìn)行利用和控制，是文明進(jìn)步的一個(gè)重要標(biāo)志?；?，給人類帶來(lái)文明進(jìn)

4、步、光明和溫暖。但是失去控制的火，就會(huì)給人類造成巨大的災(zāi)難。隨著社會(huì)的不斷發(fā)展，在社會(huì)財(cái)富日益增多的同事，導(dǎo)致發(fā)生火災(zāi)的危險(xiǎn)性也在增多，火災(zāi)的危害性也越來(lái)越大。二、國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀我國(guó)近期特別是1993年以來(lái)，火災(zāi)造成的直接財(cái)產(chǎn)損失上升到年平均十幾億元，年均死亡2000多人。實(shí)踐證明，隨著社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，消防工作的重要性就越來(lái)越突出。由此，火災(zāi)報(bào)警器在消防工作中的作用也尤為突出了。我國(guó)的火災(zāi)自動(dòng)報(bào)警控制系統(tǒng)經(jīng)歷了從無(wú)到有、從簡(jiǎn)單到復(fù)雜的發(fā)展過(guò)程，其智能化程度也越來(lái)越高。但目前國(guó)內(nèi)廠家多偏重于大型倉(cāng)庫(kù)、商場(chǎng)、高級(jí)寫字樓、賓館等場(chǎng)所大型火災(zāi)報(bào)警系統(tǒng)的研發(fā)，成本較高。而在居民住宅區(qū)、機(jī)房、辦公室等小

5、型防火單位，需要設(shè)置一種單一或區(qū)域聯(lián)網(wǎng)、廉價(jià)實(shí)用的火災(zāi)自動(dòng)探測(cè)報(bào)警裝置，因此，研制一種結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、加個(gè)低廉的溫控火災(zāi)報(bào)警器是非常必要的。報(bào)警器的自動(dòng)控制部分已由模擬控制逐漸讓位于以單片機(jī)為主的微處理器控制。微處理器取代模擬電路作為自動(dòng)控制器有如下特點(diǎn)：1使電路更簡(jiǎn)單2可以實(shí)現(xiàn)較復(fù)雜的控制3靈活性和適應(yīng)性4無(wú)零點(diǎn)漂移，控制精度高5可提供人機(jī)界面，多機(jī)聯(lián)網(wǎng)工作三、論文進(jìn)行的主要工作1.主要內(nèi)容用單片機(jī)、煙霧傳感器等組成火災(zāi)自動(dòng)報(bào)警的控制電路，控制喇叭以及排風(fēng)電機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，同時(shí)用數(shù)碼管組成顯示電路，顯示室內(nèi)有害氣體濃度。2.基本要求（1）根據(jù)要求設(shè)計(jì)火災(zāi)自動(dòng)報(bào)警系統(tǒng)電路。單片機(jī)可選擇內(nèi)置AD轉(zhuǎn)換的，可以

6、省去外部轉(zhuǎn)換電路；采集電路選用MQ-2可方便檢測(cè)各種煙霧。（2）利用uln2003放大電流作為驅(qū)動(dòng)電路，驅(qū)動(dòng)電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。（3）用數(shù)碼管顯示當(dāng)前濃度值，并可發(fā)出聲光報(bào)警。（4）做出實(shí)物，編寫單片機(jī)程序。四、研究方法以煙霧傳感器MQ-2為測(cè)量元件，檢測(cè)到實(shí)時(shí)的濃度信號(hào)并經(jīng)過(guò)A/D轉(zhuǎn)換，將數(shù)字信號(hào)傳送到單片機(jī)中，檢測(cè)到的信號(hào)與設(shè)定的值做比較，當(dāng)檢測(cè)信號(hào)大于設(shè)定值時(shí)，系統(tǒng)發(fā)出報(bào)警，本設(shè)計(jì)做出實(shí)物。五、預(yù)期達(dá)到的結(jié)果本設(shè)計(jì)要做到自動(dòng)檢測(cè)環(huán)境有害氣體的濃度，如果環(huán)境中氣體濃度大于程序設(shè)定的濃度值時(shí)，即發(fā)出報(bào)警功能，并可主動(dòng)疏通空氣，降低有害氣體濃度，做到實(shí)時(shí)檢測(cè)的功能。指導(dǎo)教師簽字時(shí)間年月日摘要目前，火災(zāi)報(bào)

7、警系統(tǒng)有很多種，但一般都還屬于人工方式，在發(fā)生火災(zāi)的時(shí)候通過(guò)人來(lái)聯(lián)系消防部門，往往不能及時(shí)報(bào)警而造成重大損失，如果能有一種自動(dòng)報(bào)警系統(tǒng)，則會(huì)很大程度上減輕財(cái)產(chǎn)損失和減少人員傷亡。本課題提出了一種利用單片機(jī)結(jié)合煙霧傳感器對(duì)火災(zāi)產(chǎn)生的煙霧進(jìn)行檢測(cè)并報(bào)警的設(shè)計(jì)方案。文章研究包含硬件和軟件兩個(gè)方面，煙霧傳感器選擇MQ-2型，單片機(jī)選擇STC89C52RC。硬件方面設(shè)計(jì)包含信號(hào)采集設(shè)計(jì)、AD轉(zhuǎn)換電路設(shè)計(jì)、數(shù)碼管顯示電路設(shè)計(jì)、報(bào)警指示燈電路設(shè)計(jì)、電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)電路設(shè)計(jì)以及聲音報(bào)警電路設(shè)計(jì)；軟件方面包含數(shù)碼管顯示電路設(shè)計(jì)、狀態(tài)指示設(shè)計(jì)、報(bào)警設(shè)計(jì)。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果證明，該設(shè)計(jì)方案合理，工作穩(wěn)定，具有較高的性能指標(biāo)。關(guān)鍵詞：

8、MQ-2STC89C52RC報(bào)警器Currently,there area variety offire alarm systemsbut generallyalsobelong toartificial means,in the event offireto contact thefire department,through peopleoften notreported immediatelyandcause significantdamageif there isan automaticalarm system,willgreatlyExtent,reduceproperty dama

9、geandreduce casualtiesThis project proposes a combination of smoke microchip sensor to detect fire, smoke and alarm design.This paper studies two aspects of hardware and software included, smoke sensor selection MQ-2 type, single chip select STC89C52RC. Hardware design includes: design of signal acq

10、uisition, AD conversion circuit design, circuit design, digital display, alarm indicator circuit design, motor drive circuit design, and sound the alarm circuit design; software contains the digital display circuit design, design status indication and alarm DesignExperimental results show that the d

11、esign rational, stable, has high performance.Keywords:MQ-2STC89C52RC Alarm目錄第1章緒論11.1研究背景和意義11.2國(guó)內(nèi)外發(fā)展趨勢(shì)11.3本論文主要研究?jī)?nèi)容1主要內(nèi)容2基本要求2研究方法2第2章火災(zāi)報(bào)警器的方案設(shè)計(jì)32.1火災(zāi)報(bào)警器整體設(shè)計(jì)方案3火災(zāi)報(bào)警器設(shè)計(jì)思路3火災(zāi)報(bào)警器工作原理32.2火災(zāi)報(bào)警器的框圖設(shè)計(jì)42.3火災(zāi)報(bào)警器的各模塊功能4第3章火災(zāi)報(bào)警器的硬件設(shè)計(jì)53.1火災(zāi)報(bào)警系統(tǒng)原理圖53.2信號(hào)采集設(shè)計(jì)53.3AD轉(zhuǎn)換電路設(shè)計(jì)7PCF8591的簡(jiǎn)介7PCF8591的功能7PCF8591的特性7AD轉(zhuǎn)換的硬件電

12、路圖73.4顯示電路設(shè)計(jì)8數(shù)碼管顯示電路設(shè)計(jì)及顯示電路圖8數(shù)碼管83.5報(bào)警指示燈電路設(shè)計(jì)93.6電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)電路設(shè)計(jì)9Uln2003簡(jiǎn)介9Uln2003的特點(diǎn)10Uln2003的作用11電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)電路圖113.7聲音報(bào)警電路設(shè)計(jì)113.8單片機(jī)STC89C5212STC89C52單片機(jī)簡(jiǎn)介12STC89C52單片機(jī)的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)13STC89C52單片機(jī)的管腳功能13STC89C52單片機(jī)的管腳圖15第4章系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì)164.1系統(tǒng)流程圖164.2程序設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程174.3火災(zāi)報(bào)警器電路的軟件設(shè)計(jì)17數(shù)碼管顯示程序設(shè)計(jì)17報(bào)警子程序設(shè)計(jì)17第5章實(shí)驗(yàn)誤差分析185.1軟件方面185.2硬件方面18第6章結(jié)

13、論與展望19參考文獻(xiàn)20致謝21附錄22附錄A外文資料22附錄B電路原理圖27附錄C實(shí)物圖28附錄D程序清單30第1章緒論1.1研究背景和意義1.2國(guó)內(nèi)外發(fā)展趨勢(shì) 1.3本論文主要研究?jī)?nèi)容1.3.1主要內(nèi)容1.3.2基本要求研究方法第2章火災(zāi)報(bào)警器的方案設(shè)計(jì)2.1火災(zāi)報(bào)警器整體設(shè)計(jì)方案 2.1.1火災(zāi)報(bào)警器設(shè)計(jì)思路2.1.2火災(zāi)報(bào)警器工作原理 2.2火災(zāi)報(bào)警器的框圖設(shè)計(jì)圖2-1可燃性氣體檢測(cè)報(bào)警器結(jié)構(gòu)框圖2.3火災(zāi)報(bào)警器的各模塊功能 第3章火災(zāi)報(bào)警器的硬件設(shè)計(jì)3.1火災(zāi)報(bào)警系統(tǒng)原理圖附錄B是單片機(jī)控制的火災(zāi)報(bào)警系統(tǒng)的原理圖。原理圖包括以下設(shè)計(jì)部分：信號(hào)采集設(shè)計(jì)部分、AD轉(zhuǎn)換電路設(shè)計(jì)部分、數(shù)碼管

14、顯示電路設(shè)計(jì)部分、報(bào)警指示燈電路設(shè)計(jì)部分、電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)電路設(shè)計(jì)部分、聲音報(bào)警電路設(shè)計(jì)部分、單片機(jī)芯片選用部分。3.2信號(hào)采集設(shè)計(jì)外形尺寸（mm）接線圖接線圖測(cè)試條件測(cè)試電路 回路電壓：VC=10V加熱電壓：VH=5V負(fù)載電阻：RL=2K圖3-2信號(hào)采集電路3.3AD轉(zhuǎn)換電路設(shè)計(jì)3.3.1PCF8591的簡(jiǎn)介3.3.2PCF8591的功能3.3.3PCF8591的特性3.3.4AD轉(zhuǎn)換的硬件電路圖圖3-3AD轉(zhuǎn)換電路3.4 顯示電路設(shè)計(jì)數(shù)碼管顯示電路設(shè)計(jì)及顯示電路圖圖3-4數(shù)碼管顯示電路3.4.2數(shù)碼管數(shù)碼管是一種半導(dǎo)體發(fā)光器件，其基本單元是發(fā)光二極管。數(shù)碼管顯示分為靜態(tài)顯示和動(dòng)態(tài)顯示。本設(shè)計(jì)采用的

15、是動(dòng)態(tài)顯示。靜態(tài)驅(qū)動(dòng)也稱直流驅(qū)動(dòng)。靜態(tài)驅(qū)動(dòng)是指每個(gè)數(shù)碼管的每一個(gè)段碼都由一個(gè)單片機(jī)的I/O端口進(jìn)行驅(qū)動(dòng)，或者使用如BCD碼二-十進(jìn)制譯碼器譯碼進(jìn)行驅(qū)動(dòng)。靜態(tài)驅(qū)動(dòng)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是編程簡(jiǎn)單，顯示亮度高，缺點(diǎn)是占用I/O端口多，如驅(qū)動(dòng)5個(gè)數(shù)碼管靜態(tài)顯示則需要5840根I/O端口來(lái)驅(qū)動(dòng)，要知道一個(gè)89C51單片機(jī)可用的I/O端口才32個(gè)），實(shí)際應(yīng)用時(shí)必須增加譯碼驅(qū)動(dòng)器進(jìn)行驅(qū)動(dòng)，增加了硬件電路的復(fù)雜性。數(shù)碼管動(dòng)態(tài)顯示接口是單片機(jī)中應(yīng)用最為廣泛的一種顯示方式之一，動(dòng)態(tài)驅(qū)動(dòng)是將所有數(shù)碼管的8個(gè)顯示筆劃“a,b,c,d,e,f,g,dp”的同名端連在一起，另外為每個(gè)數(shù)碼管的公共極COM增加位選通控制電路，位選通由各自

16、獨(dú)立的I/O線控制，當(dāng)單片機(jī)輸出字形碼時(shí)，所有數(shù)碼管都接收到相同的字形碼，但究竟是那個(gè)數(shù)碼管會(huì)顯示出字形，取決于單片機(jī)對(duì)位選通COM端電路的控制，所以我們只要將需要顯示的數(shù)碼管的選通控制打開(kāi)，該位就顯示出字形，沒(méi)有選通的數(shù)碼管就不會(huì)亮。通過(guò)分時(shí)輪流控制各個(gè)數(shù)碼管的的COM端，就使各個(gè)數(shù)碼管輪流受控顯示，這就是動(dòng)態(tài)驅(qū)動(dòng)。在輪流顯示過(guò)程中，每位數(shù)碼管的點(diǎn)亮?xí)r間為12ms，由于人的視覺(jué)暫留現(xiàn)象及發(fā)光二極管的余輝效應(yīng)，盡管實(shí)際上各位數(shù)碼管并非同時(shí)點(diǎn)亮，但只要掃描的速度足夠快，給人的印象就是一組穩(wěn)定的顯示數(shù)據(jù)，不會(huì)有閃爍感，動(dòng)態(tài)顯示的效果和靜態(tài)顯示是一樣的，能夠節(jié)省大量的I/O端口，而且功耗更低9。3.

17、5報(bào)警指示燈電路設(shè)計(jì)圖3-5報(bào)警燈電路3.6電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)電路設(shè)計(jì)Uln2003簡(jiǎn)介3.6.2Uln2003的特點(diǎn)圖3-6管腳圖圖3-7封裝圖3.6.3Uln2003的作用電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)電路圖圖3-8電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)電路3.7聲音報(bào)警電路設(shè)計(jì)圖3-9聲音報(bào)警電路3.8單片機(jī)STC89C523.8.1STC89C52單片機(jī)簡(jiǎn)介STC89C52單片機(jī)是宏晶科技推出的新一代高速/低功耗/超強(qiáng)抗干擾的單片機(jī)，指令代碼完全兼容傳統(tǒng)8051單片機(jī)，內(nèi)部集成MAX810專用復(fù)位電路。增強(qiáng)型8051單片機(jī)，指令代碼完全兼容傳統(tǒng)8051。工作電壓：。工作頻率范圍：040MHz，相當(dāng)于普通8051的080MHz，實(shí)際工作頻率可達(dá)48

18、MHz。用戶應(yīng)用程序空間：8K。片上集成512字節(jié)RAM。通用I/O口，復(fù)位后為：P1/P2/P3/P4是準(zhǔn)雙向口/弱上拉(普通8051傳統(tǒng)I/O口) P0口是開(kāi)漏輸出，作為總線擴(kuò)展用時(shí)，不用加上拉電阻，作為I/O口用時(shí)，需加上拉電阻。 ISP（在系統(tǒng)可編程）/IAP（在應(yīng)用可編程），無(wú)需專用編程器，無(wú)需專用仿真器可通過(guò)串口（RxD/P3.0,TxD/P3.1）直接下載用戶程序，數(shù)秒即可完成一片。有EEPROM功能?？撮T狗。內(nèi)部集成MAX810專用復(fù)位電路，外部晶體20M以下時(shí)，可省略外部復(fù)位電路。共3個(gè)16位定時(shí)器/計(jì)數(shù)器，其中定時(shí)器0還可以當(dāng)成2個(gè)8位定時(shí)器使用。外部中斷4路,下降沿中斷或

19、低電平觸發(fā)中斷，Power Down模式可由外部中斷電平觸發(fā)中斷方式喚醒。通用異步串行口(UART)，還可用定時(shí)器軟件實(shí)現(xiàn)多個(gè)UART。工作溫度范圍：-40+85（工業(yè)級(jí)）/075（商業(yè)級(jí)）。3.8.2STC89C52單片機(jī)的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)STC89C52單片機(jī)的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)框圖如下圖所示。STC89C51單片機(jī)中包含中央處理器（CPU）、程序存儲(chǔ)器（Flash）、數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)器（SRAM）、定時(shí)/計(jì)數(shù)器、UART串口、I/O接口、EEPROM、看門狗等模塊STC89C51系列單片機(jī)幾乎包含了數(shù)據(jù)采集和控制中所需的所有單元模塊，可稱得上一個(gè)片上系統(tǒng)。3.8.3STC89C52單片機(jī)的管腳功能P0.0P0.7

20、：P0既可作為輸入/輸出口，也可作為地址/數(shù)據(jù)復(fù)用總線使用。當(dāng)P0口作為輸入/輸出口時(shí)，P0是一個(gè)8位準(zhǔn)雙向口，上電復(fù)位后處于開(kāi)漏模式。P0口內(nèi)部無(wú)上拉電阻，所以作I/O口必須外接10K-4.7K的上拉電阻。當(dāng)P0作為地址/數(shù)據(jù)復(fù)用總線使用時(shí)，是低8位地址線A0A7，數(shù)據(jù)線的D0D7，此時(shí)無(wú)需外接上拉電阻。P1.0/T2：作為P1.0時(shí)，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)I/O口PORT10；作為T2時(shí)，定時(shí)器/計(jì)數(shù)器2的外部輸入。P1.1/T2EX：作為P1.1時(shí)，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)I/O口PORT11；作為T2EX時(shí)，定時(shí)器/計(jì)數(shù)器2捕捉/重裝方式的觸發(fā)控制。P1.2：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)I/O口PORT12。P1.3：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)I/O口PORT13。P

21、1.4：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)I/O口PORT14。P1.5：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)I/O口PORT15。P1.6：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)I/O口PORT16。P1.7：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)I/O口PORT17。P2.0P2.7:P2口內(nèi)部有上拉電阻，既可作為輸入/輸出口，也可作為高8位地址總線使用(A8A15)。當(dāng)P2口作為輸入/輸出口時(shí)，P2是一個(gè)8位準(zhǔn)雙向口。P3.0/RxD： P3.0 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)I/O口PORT30；RxD 串口1數(shù)據(jù)接收端P3.1/TxD：P3.1 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)I/O口PORT31；TxD 串口1數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送端P3.2/INT0： P3.2 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)I/O口PORT32；INT0外部中斷0,下降沿中斷或低電平中斷。3-10STC89C52單片機(jī)的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)框

22、圖P3.3/INT1：P3.3 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)I/O口PORT33；INT1外部中斷1,下降沿中斷或低電平中斷。P3.4/T0：P3.4 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)I/O口PORT34；T0定時(shí)器/計(jì)數(shù)器0的外部輸入。P3.5/T1：P3.5 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)I/O口PORT35；T1定時(shí)器/計(jì)數(shù)器1的外部輸入。P3.6/WR：P3.6 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)I/O口PORT36；WR外部數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)器寫脈沖P3.7/RD：P3.7 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)I/O口PORT37P4.0：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)I/O口PORT40P4.1：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)I/O口PORT41P4.2/INT3：P4.2 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)I/O口PORT42；INT3 外部中斷3,下降沿中斷或低電平中斷。P4.3/INT2：P4.3 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

23、I/O口PORT43；INT3外部中斷2,下降沿中斷或低電平中斷。P4.4/PSEN：P4.4 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)I/O口PORT44；PSEN 外部程序存儲(chǔ)器選通信號(hào)輸出引腳P4.5/ALE：P4.5 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)I/O口PORT45；ALE 地址鎖存允許信號(hào)輸出引腳/編程脈沖輸入引腳。P4.6/EA：P4.6 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)I/O口PORT46；EA 內(nèi)外存儲(chǔ)器選擇引腳RST：復(fù)位腳XTAL1：內(nèi)部時(shí)鐘電路反相放大器輸入端，接外部晶振的一個(gè)引腳。當(dāng)直接使用外部時(shí)鐘源時(shí)，此引腳是外部時(shí)鐘源的輸入端。XTAL2內(nèi)部時(shí)鐘電路反相放大器的輸出端，接外部晶振的另一端。當(dāng)直接使用外部時(shí)鐘源時(shí)，此引腳可浮空，此時(shí)XTAL2實(shí)際將XTA

24、L1輸入的時(shí)鐘進(jìn)行輸出。VCC：電源正極。Gnd:：電源負(fù)極，接地。3.8.4STC89C52單片機(jī)的管腳圖本設(shè)計(jì)選用的是STC89C52單片機(jī)，如下圖3-11。選用此芯片的原因是對(duì)它比較熟悉，容易采購(gòu)。3-11STC89C52管腳圖第4章系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì)4.1系統(tǒng)流程圖進(jìn)入報(bào)警處理程序N信息采開(kāi)始程序初始化傳感器預(yù)熱信息采集AD轉(zhuǎn)換濃度顯示是否超過(guò)報(bào)警限Y4.2程序設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程4.3火災(zāi)報(bào)警器電路的軟件設(shè)計(jì)數(shù)碼管顯示程序設(shè)計(jì)4.3.2報(bào)警子程序設(shè)計(jì)第5章實(shí)驗(yàn)誤差分析5.1軟件方面 5.2硬件方面 第6章結(jié)論與展望參考文獻(xiàn)致謝附錄附錄A外文資料Automatic fire alarm system i

25、s in order to inform the early detection of fire, and take effective measures to control and fight fires, and set in a building or other place of an automatic fire facilities, is that people with a powerful tool to fight the fire. Fire alarm system, fire detectors generally, regional centralized ala

26、rm alarm and composition; also be required under the project with various fire-fighting facilities and communication devices linked to form a central control system. From automatic alarm, automatic fire fighting, evacuation guidance, system process shows that, fire up a complete file management, fir

27、e control system.Fire detectors are fire detection devices, as in the stage of fire will produce smoke with high temperature flame cells. The smoke, heat and light into electrical signals through the detector alarm or automatic fire extinguishing system to start fighting the fire in time. Area where

28、 the floor of alarm detector can send the signal into sound and light alarm, and fire on the screen showing the room number; while also monitoring the concentration of certain floors of alarm (if the monitor is located in the building fire Control Center) output signal or control automatic fire exti

29、nguishing system. Concentration of alarm signal is received by way of sound and light show, and the screen also shows the specific fire floor and room number, the plane stopped taking the first alarm clock to record the timing, use of the machine-specific phones, but also quickly to the fire alarm t

30、o give directions and. In addition, you can control the fire extinguishing system or signal transmission to the fire control room.Automatic fire alarm system is by the trigger devices, fire alarm, fire alarm devices and other auxiliary functions of the device with the composition of a button fire al

31、arm system fire alarm system. It can fire early stages of burning smoke, heat and light radiation and other physical quantities, by temperature. Photographic and other smoke and fire detectors into electrical signals, transmitted to the fire alarm controller, and also shows the site of the fire, the

32、 fire record of the time. General fire alarm system and automatic sprinkler system, fire hydrant systems, smoke control systems, ventilation systems, air conditioning system, fire doors, fire shutter, smoke screen and other related equipment interaction, automatically or manually issue commands to s

33、tart the corresponding device.(A) of the trigger devices in automatic fire alarm system, automatic or manual fire alarm signal devices generate called trigger conditions, including fire detectors and manual fire alarm button. Fire detector is able to fire parameters (smoke, temperature, flame radiat

34、ion, gas concentration, etc.) response, and automatically generate a fire alarm signal devices. Fire response parameters according to different fire detectors into heat detectors, smoke detector, sensitive fire detectors, combustible gas detectors and fire detectors five basic types of composite. Di

35、fferent types of fire detectors for different types of fires and different places. Manual fire alarm button fire alarm signal generated manually start the automatic fire alarm system devices, automatic fire alarm system is an indispensable component of the.(B) the fire alarm device in automatic fire

36、 alarm system to receive, display and transmit fire alarm signals, and can send control signals and control functions with other auxiliary equipment as the fire alarm device instructions. Fire alarm control is one of the most basic kind. Charged with the fire alarm control fire detectors provide a s

37、table working power; detector and the working status of the system itself; the reception, conversion, processing a warning of fire detectors Shuchu; Jinxing sound and light alarm; Zhishi specific location and alarm time; the same time supporting the implementation of appropriate control and many oth

38、er tasks. Fire alarm system is a core component. In the fire alarm devices, some devices such as break, regional monitors, fire shows and other functions can not complete disc alarm device, which can be regarded as the evolution of fire alarm controller or supplement. Under certain conditions applie

39、d, and the fire alarm device fire alarm control belong.The basic function of fire alarm control are: the main power, backup power automatically converted, standby power charge function, power failure monitoring function, power functions working status indicator, power supply for the detector circuit

40、 function, control sensors or system failures, sound and light alarm, fire sound, light alarm, fire alarm and memory function, clock function unit, with priority being given fault function fire alarm, sound alarm sound audible alarm mute and again. (C) fire alarms in automatic fire alarm system to s

41、end different from the environment, sound, light the fire alarm signal device called the fire alarms. It sound, light and sound approach to the issue of fire alarm signals alarm area to warn people to adopt safe evacuation, fire fighting and rescue measures.D) Fire control equipment in automatic fir

42、e alarm system, when receiving the fire alarm, automatically or manually start the related fire-fighting equipment and display devices of their state, known as the fire control equipment. Include fire alarm control, automatic fire extinguishing system control device, fire hydrant system control devi

43、ces, smoke exhaust system and air conditioning and ventilation system control device, normally open fire doors, fire shutter control device, the lift back down control equipment, and fire emergency radio, fire alarms, fire communications equipment, fire evacuation signs and emergency lighting contro

44、l devices, control devices in some or all. Fire control equipment normally installed in the fire control center to facilitate the implementation of centralized control. While others set fire control equipment, fire fighting equipment is located in the charged field, but its actions must be returned

45、fire control signal, combined with the implementation of centralization and decentralization of control. (E) fire alarm system power supply electrical equipment belonging to the fire, the main power should be in the fire power, standby power use of battery. In addition to fire alarm power controller

46、, power supply, but also related to the system for the fire equipment such as power supply. （from: automatic fire alarm system design ）譯文：火災(zāi)自動(dòng)報(bào)警系統(tǒng)是人們?yōu)榱嗽缙诎l(fā)現(xiàn)通報(bào)火災(zāi)，并及時(shí)采取有效措施，控制和撲滅火災(zāi)，而設(shè)置在建筑物中或其它場(chǎng)所的一種自動(dòng)消防設(shè)施，是人們同火災(zāi)作斗爭(zhēng)的有力工具。 火災(zāi)報(bào)警系統(tǒng)，一般由火災(zāi)探測(cè)器、區(qū)域報(bào)警器和集中報(bào)警器組成；也可以根據(jù)工程的要求同各種滅器是探測(cè)火災(zāi)的儀器，由于在火災(zāi)發(fā)生的階段，將伴隨產(chǎn)生煙霧、。這些煙、熱和光可以通過(guò)探測(cè)器轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殡娦盘?hào)報(bào)警或使自動(dòng)滅火系統(tǒng)啟動(dòng)，及時(shí)撲滅火災(zāi)。 區(qū)域報(bào)警器能將所在樓層之探測(cè)器發(fā)出的信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)換為聲光報(bào)警，并在屏幕上顯示出火災(zāi)的房間號(hào)；同時(shí)還能監(jiān)視若干樓層的集中報(bào)警器（如果監(jiān)