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1、2018年部編版八年級(jí)英語下冊(cè)第1單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)Unit 1 Whats the matter?一、基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)1. What s the matter? 怎么啦?出什么事情了? 【解析】matter/ mt(r) /n.問題;事情 What s the matter with you?= Whats the trouble with you? = What s wrong with you? 你怎么了?【注】: matter 和trouble 為名詞, 其前可加the 或形容詞性物主代詞,wrong 是adj. 不能加the【用法】用于詢問某人有什么病或某人遇到什么麻煩、問題其后跟詢問對(duì)象時(shí),與

2、介詞with連用。即: Whats the matter with sb.? = Whats your trouble? = Whats up? = What happens to sb.? Whats the matter with you ? I have a bad cold.2. I had a cold.我感冒了。 have a cold=catch a cold=have the flu感冒 have a fever 發(fā)燒 have a cough咳嗽 have a stomachache胃疼,肚子疼 have a toothache牙疼 have a headache頭疼3. 身

3、體部位+ache(疼痛)構(gòu)成新的復(fù)合詞stomach+ache=stomachache胃疼 head+ache=headache頭疼 tooth+ache=toothache 牙疼back+ache=backache后背痛4. much too+ 形容詞,意為 “ 太. ”,too much+名詞,意為 很多,大量 。5. enough【形容、副詞】足夠的/地,enough放在名詞前后,形容詞、副詞后。good enough足夠好, enough money=much money6. lie down躺下, lie 躺,躺著,過去式lay; lie說謊,過去式lied7. maybe “或許”

4、,常用于句首,表示可能性,后加句子。Maybe you are right.may be,是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be的結(jié)構(gòu),意為“可能,也許”,后加名詞、代詞或形容詞。He may be angry.sound like+名詞代詞和從句:“聽起來好像?!?It sounds like you dont know the truth. It sounds like a good idea. sound+形容詞,“聽起來,好像”,The music sounds nice.9. need 需要,實(shí)義動(dòng)詞need+名詞,需要某物; need to do sth.需要做某事,主語通常是人,表示人主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作:Yo

5、u need to listen carefully during class. need doing sth.主語通常是物,表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作:Your dirty clothes need washing.10. get off (the bus) 下(公交車) get on 上車11. agree 同意,贊同; agree with sth. 同意某事 如:I agree with that idea. agree to sb. 同意某人的意見 如:I agree to LiLei.12. trouble問題,麻煩 ;be in trouble遇到麻煩,make trouble 制造麻煩 ,

6、have trouble (in) doing sth. =have difficulties (in) doing sth做.有麻煩。 13. right away=right now=at once,意為 馬上 。14. advice 不可數(shù)名詞勸告,建議,向征求意見, give sb. advice on sth.就某事給某人建議; advise 動(dòng)詞 advise sb. to do sth. 建議某人做某事 advise sb. doing sth.15、【復(fù)習(xí)】exercise 練習(xí)、鍛煉當(dāng)exercise意為“練習(xí)”時(shí),為可數(shù)名詞 即可加s當(dāng)exercise意為“鍛煉”時(shí),為不可

7、數(shù)名詞 即不加s16. hurt 及物動(dòng)詞,使疼痛,受傷,He hurt his leg while exercising. 不及物動(dòng)詞,(部位)疼。 His leg hurt badly.17、clean 【動(dòng)詞】打掃,clean the classroom打掃教室,形容詞: 干凈的 , cleaner意為 清潔工 。18. hit (用手或器具)打;擊打 The boy hit the dog with a stone. hit sb. on the head/ nose/ back打某人的頭、鼻子、后背,on用在所打較硬的部位; hit sb. in the face/ eye/ sto

8、mach 打某人的臉、眼睛、肚子,in用在所打較軟的部位。 be used to sth./ doing sth.習(xí)慣于、適應(yīng)了、做某事,強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài);His grandpa was used to country life. Mary is not used to getting up early in the morning. get/ become used to sth./ doing sth. “變得習(xí)慣,逐漸適應(yīng)”強(qiáng)調(diào)過程、動(dòng)作: Its difficult for one to get used to another countrys habit.20. 【復(fù)習(xí)】free 形容詞空閑

9、的free time;免費(fèi)的the drink is for free;自由的I want to become a free bird. free【動(dòng)詞】使解脫,得到自由:He could not free his arm.21、run out用完,用盡 When his water run out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life.物sth. run out. 某物用盡了。 人sb. run out of sth. 人用盡了某物。He run out of all his money last n

10、ight.22. risk (sb.) to do sth. 冒險(xiǎn)去做某事 take a risk=take risks 冒險(xiǎn) 23. the importance of (doing) sth.(做)某事的重要性 We students should know the importance of (learning) English. importance n. 重要(性), important adj.重要的, unimportant adj.不重要的24、decide 動(dòng)詞:決定 decision 【名詞】決定;抉擇; make a decision 做決定 ;make a decisi

11、on to do sth.= decide to do sth. 。25. be in the control of 掌管,管理 The headmaster is in the control of this new school. be out of control無法控制,無法管理 be under control被控制住,在控制之中26. 【復(fù)習(xí)】mind意為 介意 ,mind doing sth. 介意做某事 , Would you mind my opening the window?27. give up (doing) sth. 放棄(做)某事,give up (playing

12、) computer games;give up后可接名詞、代詞和動(dòng)詞ing形式,也可不接,如: Never give up easily.二、重點(diǎn)語法【反身代詞】英語中共有八個(gè)反身代詞,在使用時(shí)應(yīng)注意和它所指的相應(yīng)的對(duì)象在人稱、性別、數(shù)上保持一致。數(shù) 人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數(shù)myselfyourselfhimself herself itself復(fù)數(shù)ourselvesyourselvesthemselves1. 可用作賓語,指的是賓語和主語表示同一個(gè)或同一些的人或事物。 如:Maria bought herself a scarf. We must look after oursel

13、ves very well. 2. 可用作表語,指的是表語和主語表示同一個(gè)或同一些人或事物。 如: She isnt quite herself today. 3. 可用作主語或賓語的同位語,常用來加強(qiáng)語氣。如:She herself will fly to London tomorrow. I met the writer himself last week. 4. 用在某些固定短語當(dāng)中。3look after oneself / take care of oneself 照顧自己 teach oneself sth./ learn sth. by oneself自學(xué)enjoy onesel

14、f 玩得高興,過得愉快 help oneself to sth 請(qǐng)自用(隨便吃/喝些). hurt oneself摔傷自己 say to oneself自言自語 leave sb. by oneself把某人單獨(dú)留下 buy oneself sth.給自己買東西 introduce oneself 介紹自己1. 反身代詞不能單獨(dú)做主語,但可以做主語的同位語,起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。 如:我自己能完成作業(yè)。(誤)Myself can finish my homework. (正) I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my homework myse

15、lf.2. 反身代詞表示“某人自己”不能表示“某人的東西”,因?yàn)樗鼪]有所有格的形式。表達(dá)“某人自己的(東西)”時(shí),須要用ones own. 如:我用我自己的蠟筆畫畫。(誤)Im drawing with myself crayons. (正) Im drawing with my own crayons.Unit 1 Whats the matter?一、基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)1. ? 怎么啦?出什么事情了? 【解析】matter/ mt(r) /n.問題;事情 What s the matter with you?= Whats you? = What s with you? 你怎么了?【注】: matt

16、er 和trouble 為名詞, 其前可加 或 詞性物主代詞,wrong 是 詞. 不能加the【用法】用于詢問某人有什么病或某人遇到什么麻煩、問題其后跟詢問對(duì)象時(shí),與介詞 連用。即: Whats the matter with sb.? = Whats ? = Whats ? = What ? Whats the matter with you ? I have a bad cold.2. I .我感冒了。 have a cold= a cold=have 感冒 發(fā)燒 咳嗽 胃疼,肚子疼 牙疼 頭疼 3. 身體部位+ache(疼痛)構(gòu)成新的復(fù)合詞stomach+ache= 胃疼 head+a

17、che= 頭疼 牙疼 后背痛 4. much too+ 詞,意為 “ . ”,too much+ 詞,意為 。5. enough【形容、副詞】足夠的/地,enough放在 詞前后, 詞、 詞后。足夠好 足夠的錢 6. 躺下, lie 意: ,過去式 ; lie 意: ,過去式 7. maybe “ ”,常用于句首,表示 ,后加句子。Maybe you are right.may be,是 動(dòng)詞+be的結(jié)構(gòu),意為“ ”,后加名詞、代詞或形容詞。He may be angry.sound like+名詞代詞和從句:“ ” It sounds like you dont know the truth

18、. It sounds like a good idea. sound+ 詞,“聽起來,好像”,The music sounds nice.9. need 意: , 動(dòng)詞,need+名詞,需要某物; need to do sth.需要做某事,主語通常是 ,表示人主動(dòng)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作你上課需要認(rèn)真聽講:You carefully during class. need doing sth.主語通常是 ,表示主動(dòng)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作:你的臟衣服應(yīng)該洗洗了。Your dirty clothes 10. (the bus) 下(公交車) 上車11. agree 同意,贊同; 同意某事 如:我同意你的辦法。I .同意某人

19、的意見 如:我同意你的意見。I 12. trouble意;遇到麻煩 制造麻煩have trouble (in) doing sth. =have (in) doing sth做.有麻煩。 13. =意為 馬上 。14. advice 名詞意:.就某事給某人建議: advise 動(dòng)詞 建議某人做某事: advise sb. sth.15、【復(fù)習(xí)】exercise 練習(xí)、鍛煉當(dāng)exercise意為“練習(xí)”時(shí),為名詞 當(dāng)exercise意為“鍛煉”時(shí),為名詞 16. hurt 動(dòng)詞,使疼痛,受傷,He hurt his leg while exercising. 動(dòng)詞,(部位)疼。 His leg

20、hurt badly.17、clean 【詞】打掃,clean the classroom打掃教室,詞: 干凈的 , 清潔工 。18. hit (用手或器具)打;擊打 The boy hit the dog with a stone. hit sb. the / / 打某人的頭、鼻子、后背, 用在所打較硬的部位; hit sb. the / / 打某人的臉、眼睛、肚子, 用在所打較軟的部位。 習(xí)慣于、適應(yīng)了、做某事 ,強(qiáng)調(diào) ;His grandpa was used to country life. Mary is not used to getting up early in the mor

21、ning. “變得習(xí)慣,逐漸適應(yīng)” 強(qiáng)調(diào) : Its for one another countrys habit.對(duì)人們來說逐漸適應(yīng)城市的節(jié)奏是困難的。20. 【復(fù)習(xí)】free 形容詞 意: free time; the drink is for free; I want to become a free bird. 名詞:自由 free【動(dòng)詞】意: :He could not free his arm.21、用完,用盡 物sth. run out. 某物用盡了。 人sb. sth. 人用盡了某物。He run out of all his money last night.22. risk

22、 (sb.) to do sth. 冒險(xiǎn)去做某事 take a risk=take risks 冒險(xiǎn) 23. the (doing) sth.(做)某事的重要性 should know English.我們學(xué)生應(yīng)該認(rèn)識(shí)到學(xué)英語的重要性。 n. 重要(性): adj.重要的: adj.不重要的: 24動(dòng)詞:決定: 【名詞】決定;抉擇; 做決定 ; 下決心去做某事: 25.掌管,管理 : The headmaster is this new school.校長管理這所新學(xué)校。無法控制,無法管理: 被控制住,在控制之中: 26. 【復(fù)習(xí)】mind意為: , 介意做某事: Would you the window? 你介意我打開窗戶嗎27. 放棄(做)

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