透析中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法介詞考點(diǎn)

1、透析中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法介詞考點(diǎn)【介詞命題趨勢(shì)】1、表示時(shí)間的介詞2、表示方位和運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的介詞3、常用介詞用法辨析4、介詞與其它詞類(lèi)的搭配1）形容詞與介詞的搭配2）動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配3）名詞與介詞的搭配【考點(diǎn)詮釋】一、考查簡(jiǎn)單介詞的用法【考例】-When did Hong Kong return to our motherland?一_July 1st，1997福州市A On B In C At D For A本題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都可以放在表示時(shí)間的單詞(組)前面，in，on，at往往在時(shí)間點(diǎn)的前面，for往往引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間段。1997年7月1日是一個(gè)具體的時(shí)間，在具體到某一天，用介詞on。I'd li

2、ke a cup of coffee _some sugar and milk. 廣東省A. in B. to C. of D. withDA選項(xiàng)介詞in，表示“在里面”；B選項(xiàng)介詞to表方向，意為“到，向”；C項(xiàng)of表“所屬關(guān)系”，意為“的”；D項(xiàng)介詞with作“帶有；用_力口”等講。由句意“我想要一杯加糖和牛奶的咖啡?！笨芍?，選項(xiàng)D正確。-Oh, so many people in the amusement park!- Nobody likes to stay at home _ Sunday morning. 太原市A. in B. on C. atB此題考查介詞的用法。三個(gè)選擇都可

3、以用來(lái)表示時(shí)間，at多用于具體時(shí)間點(diǎn)前，在上、下午及晚上常用介詞in，但具體到某一天的上、下午要用介詞on。二、考查介詞之間的辨析【考例】The moon light is coming in _ the window and the room seems quiet and beautiful. 成都市A, across B. through C. overB across表示橫過(guò)，從一邊到另一邊，through從內(nèi)部穿過(guò)，over表示從物體表面通過(guò)。“月光透過(guò)窗子射進(jìn)來(lái)”故不能選A。Be careful when you come _ the street, because the tra

4、ffic is very busy at the moment. （年山東濟(jì)寧） A. across   B. behind   C. between   D. over 【剖析】  答案為A。本題考察方位介詞的用法?！斑^(guò)馬路”一般為表面橫穿，因此要用across。-Look, a blind man is in the middle of the street, It's too dangerous.-Let's go and help him _the road. 河南省A. thro

5、ugh B. along C. across D. overC橫穿馬路要用across表示“從一邊到另一邊”而不用through，through用于穿過(guò)森林等。三、考查成語(yǔ)介詞與介詞固定搭配【考例】You must always be careful _ electricityIts dangerous沈陽(yáng)市A to B at C for DwithDbe careful with(ofabout)對(duì)注意(警惕)，句意為“你必須時(shí)刻注意用電，那很危險(xiǎn)。”Boys and girls, wish you to do well in the English exam _ a light heart

6、. Good luck to every-one! 哈爾濱市A. on B. with C. withoutB考查介詞用法。with a light heart以一種輕松的心態(tài)(with表伴隨)。with是中考的重要考點(diǎn)，有如下幾種用法：有，帶著表方式或工具，write with a pen用鋼筆書(shū)寫(xiě)表伴隨a house with a big garden帶有大花園的房子。Mary bought a house _a small garden. She will move in next week. 昆明市A. from B. with C. for D. ofB本題由句意人手破解，瑪麗買(mǎi)了一

7、處“帶有”花園的房子，這兒可用介詞with，意為“具有；帶有”，所以B項(xiàng)正確。一I hear you have got a ticket _the 0pening Ceremony of the Beijing Olympics一YesI got it _my uncle黃岡市A of；from B toby C to；from Dfor；toC考查介詞的用法。本題易錯(cuò)選項(xiàng)為A的答案鑰匙票，都要用to，而不能用of。故不能選A。It was a great day but We did not enjoy it_ the beginning蘇州Aon Bfor Cwith Dat答案：D解析：

8、此處考查固定短語(yǔ)“在開(kāi)始時(shí)”，用介詞at，故選D。It is important _us students to make a plan _our studies before a new term starts·連云港)Afor；for Bof：for Cto；of Dwith：on答案：A解析：此題考查介詞for的用法，第一空It is important for sbto do sth；第二空f(shuō)or our studies為我們的學(xué)習(xí)，表目的。It's necessary for us to take one hour's exercise every day.

9、 I agree _you. 吉林省A. at B. to C. on D. withD agree with sb同意某人的觀點(diǎn)。注意agree with與agree to的區(qū)別。agree with +sb“同意某人的觀點(diǎn)”；agree to+動(dòng)詞原形“同意干某事”。一How are you going to the Summer Palace?一We're going there _bike北京市A for B at C of Dby D考查短語(yǔ)by bike"騎自行車(chē)”。要注意區(qū)分：take a bike to+某地一go to+某地+by bike。 連云港This

10、 _woman has devoted all her life_ caring for the poorAmodest；with Bkind; to Cselfish；for Dunfair；at答案：B解析：第一空意為“這位善良的婦女”，故選kind，第二空，devoteto指獻(xiàn)身于，to后跟動(dòng)名詞或名詞，故本題選B?！菊Z(yǔ)法回顧】1. 介詞的功能介詞是一種虛詞，用來(lái)表示名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其它詞語(yǔ)句中其它詞的關(guān)系，不能單獨(dú)使用。介詞可與名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其它詞構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)。介詞短語(yǔ)可在句中作定語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。例如：The boy over there is Johns broth

11、er. 在那兒的那個(gè)男孩是約翰的弟弟。(定語(yǔ))The girl will be back in two hours. 這位姑娘過(guò)兩個(gè)小時(shí)回來(lái)。 (狀語(yǔ))Our English teacher is from Australia.我們的英語(yǔ)老師來(lái)自澳大利亞。 (表語(yǔ))Help yourself to some fish. 請(qǐng)吃些魚(yú)。 (賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))2. 常用介詞的用法辨析（1）表時(shí)間的介詞1）at, in on表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)用at。例如：at six oclock, at noon, at midnight。表示在某個(gè)世紀(jì)，某年，某月，某個(gè)季節(jié)以及早晨，上午，下午，晚上時(shí)，用in。例如：in the

12、 nineteenth century, in 2002, in may, in winter, in the morning, in the afternoon等。表示具體的某一天和某一天的上午，下午，晚上時(shí)，用on。例如：on Monday, on July 1st, on Sunday morning等。2） since, after由since和after 引導(dǎo)的詞組都可表示從過(guò)去某一點(diǎn)開(kāi)始的時(shí)段，但since詞組表示的時(shí)段一直延續(xù)到說(shuō)話的時(shí)刻，因而往往要與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。而after詞組所表示的時(shí)段純系過(guò)去，因而要與一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用。例如：I havent heard from him

13、 since last summer.自從去年夏天，我再也沒(méi)有收到他的信。After five days the boy came back.五天后，這男孩返回來(lái)。3） in, afterin與將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)連用時(shí)，表示“過(guò)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間以后”的意思，后面跟表示一段時(shí)間的詞語(yǔ)。After與將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)連用時(shí)，后面只能跟表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)的詞語(yǔ)。After與過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)連用時(shí)，后面才能跟表示一段時(shí)間的詞語(yǔ)。例如：He will be back in two months.他在兩個(gè)月后回來(lái)。He will arrive after four oclock四點(diǎn)鐘后，他到達(dá)。He returned after a month.一

14、個(gè)月后，他回來(lái)了。（2）表示地點(diǎn)的介詞at, in, onat一般指小地方；in一般指大地方或某個(gè)范圍之內(nèi)；on往往表示“在某個(gè)物體的表面”。例如：He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.他昨他天到達(dá)上海。They arrived at a small village before dark.他們?cè)谔旌谇暗竭_(dá)一個(gè)小村莊。There is a big hole in the wall.墻上有一個(gè)大洞。The teacher put up a picture on the wall.老師把一幅畫(huà)掛在墻上。over, above, onover, on和above都可表示“

15、在上面”，但具體含義不同。Over表示位置高于某物，在某物的正上方，其反義詞是under。 above也表示位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方，其反義詞是below。On指兩個(gè)物體表面接觸，一個(gè)在另一的上面。例如：There is a bridge over the river.河上有一架橋。We flew above the clouds.我們飛越云層。They put some flowers on the teachers desk.他們把一些花放在講桌上。across, throughacross和through均可表示“從這一邊到另一邊”，但用法不同。Across的含義與on有關(guān)，表示動(dòng)

16、作在某一物體的表面進(jìn)行。Throgh的含義與in有關(guān)，表示動(dòng)作是在三維空間進(jìn)行。例如：The dog ran across the grass.狗跑過(guò)草地。The boy swam across the river.那男孩游過(guò)河。They walked through the forest.他們穿過(guò)森林。4) in front of, in the front ofin front of 表示“在某人或某物的前面”，在某個(gè)范圍以外；in the front of 表示“在的前部”，在某個(gè)范圍以內(nèi)。例如：There are some tall trees in front of the buil

17、ding.在大樓前有一些高樹(shù)。The teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom.老師坐在教室前面3. 介詞的固定搭配 介詞往往同其他詞類(lèi)形成了固定搭配關(guān)系。記住這種固定搭配關(guān)系，才能正確使用介詞。（1）介詞與動(dòng)詞的搭配listen to , laugh at, get to, look for wait for, hear from, turn on, turn off, worry about, think of, look after, spendon, 等。（2）介詞與名詞的搭配on time, in time, by bus, o

18、n foot, with pleasure, on ones way to, in trouble, at breakfast, at the end of, in the end等。（3）介詞與形容詞的搭配be late for, be afraid of, be good at, be interested in, be angry with, be full of, be sorry for等。【語(yǔ)法過(guò)關(guān)】1.China lies_ the east of Asia and_ the north of Australia, A. to; to B. in; to C to; in D.

19、in; on 2.His son suddenly returned_ a cold rainy night. A. on B. at C. in D. for 3.Timmy goes to school _ every day . It's 5 minutes' walk from his home to school. A. in a bus B. by plane C. on foot D. by boat 4. Last month , students had to have their lessons by Internet _ because of SARS.

20、A. on the playground B. at home C. in the street D. near the hospital 5.Today some newly-produced mobile phones can take pictures _ a camera. A. as B. for C. like D. of6. Some shops open_ 10:00 a. m. and 3 : 30 p. m, during the Spring Festival holidays. A. at B. between C. from D. about 7. - How are you going to the train station to meet your aunt? - I'm going there _ my car. A. by B. in C. to D. on 8Luckily, the bullet narrowly missed the captain _an inch. A. by B. at C. to D. from9The home improvements have taken what little th