11 Unit 5Silent Spring

1、Unit 5一、授課時(shí)間：第10、11周二授課類型：理論課9課時(shí)；實(shí)踐課3課時(shí)三授課題目：Silent Spring四授課時(shí)數(shù)：12五教學(xué)目的和要求：通過講授課文使大學(xué)生了解有關(guān)環(huán)境保護(hù)的有關(guān)知識(shí)，學(xué)會(huì)用英語解釋句子以達(dá)到學(xué)以致用的目的。要求學(xué)生主動(dòng)地預(yù)習(xí)課文，課前準(zhǔn)備練習(xí)，學(xué)會(huì)分析文章體裁和進(jìn)行段落劃分。六教學(xué)重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)：1）背景知識(shí)的傳授：About the author；2）文章的體裁分析及段落劃分；3）語言點(diǎn)的理解：Word study: to change; to exchange; beside; besides; except; used to; be used to; to s

2、hiver; to tremble; to shake; to shudderGrammar Focus: Study and learn how the words such and so are used; Study such patterns as considering; given time; it is no accident that; it is not my contention that.七教學(xué)基本內(nèi)容和綱要Part One Warm up1.1 Warm-up Questions1.2 Define the following words and phrasesPart

3、 Two Background Information2.1 What can you infer about Carsons view of the relation between man and nature? Part Three Text Appreciation3.1 Text Analysis Theme of the text Structure of the text3.2 Writing Devices Contrast Developing paragraphs by examples Other ways of developing paragraphs?3.3 Sen

4、tence ParaphrasePart Four Language Study4.1 Phrases and Expressions Word list:4.1.2 Phrases and expressions list: Word Building4.2 Grammar Object Part Five Extension5.1 Group discussion八、教學(xué)方法和措施本單元將運(yùn)用黑板、粉筆、多媒體網(wǎng)絡(luò)輔助教學(xué)設(shè)備等教學(xué)手段，主要采用以學(xué)生為主體、教師為主導(dǎo)的任務(wù)型、合作型等教學(xué)模式，具體運(yùn)用教師講授法、師生討論、生生討論等方法進(jìn)行教學(xué)。九作業(yè)，討論題，思考題完成課后練習(xí)；多看

5、英語報(bào)刊雜志及英語經(jīng)典小說，擴(kuò)大閱讀量；精聽與泛聽相結(jié)合，逐步提高自己的聽力水平；積極參加英語角等有助于提高英語口語的活動(dòng)；堅(jiān)持用英語寫日記；做一些專四相關(guān)練習(xí)；十參考資料：1) 楊立民主編,現(xiàn)代大學(xué)英語精讀（3）第二版，學(xué)生用書。北京：外語教學(xué)與研究出版社,2012。2) 楊立民主編,現(xiàn)代大學(xué)英語精讀（3）第二版，教師用書。北京：外語教學(xué)與研究出版社,2012。3) 李觀儀主編，新編英語教程（第三、四冊(cè)）。上海:上海外語教學(xué)研究出版, 1999。4) 黃源深，虞蘇美等主編，綜合英語教程（1-4冊(cè)）。北京：高等教育出版社，1998。 5) 高等學(xué)校英語專業(yè)英語教學(xué)大綱，北京：外語教學(xué)研究出版社

6、，2000。6) Judy Pearsall主編，新牛津英語詞典。上海：上海外語教育出版社，1998。7) 丁往道、吳冰等編著，英語寫作手冊(cè)。北京：外語教學(xué)與研究出版社。8) 張道真，現(xiàn)代英語用法詞典（重排本）。北京：外語教學(xué)與研究出版社，1994。9) 張道真，溫志達(dá), 英語語法大全上、下卷。北京：外語教學(xué)與研究出版社，1998。十一、課后小結(jié)Unit 5 Silent SpringPart One Warm up1.1 Warm-up Questions1. What is the message given to us in the essay? What are Rachel Cars

7、ons main arguments? Have they stood the test of time?2. We are faced with all kinds of environmental problems nowadays. But what is the one that Rachel Carson dealt with in her book Silent Spring? 3. How do chemicals affect the environment and people?4. Does Carson mean that insecticides should neve

8、r be used in agriculture?1.2 Define the following words and phrases1. be geared to2. introduceinto3. a great variety of4. hold sth within bounds5. built-in6. check7. a limit on8. set the stage for9. explosive (increases)10. live on (wheat)11. a/another factor inisPart Two Background Information2.1 R

9、achel Carson (1907-1964) biologist, writer, ecologist1. intense love for nature since her childhood“Humans have now acquired a fateful power to alter and to destroy nature. But Man is a part of nature, and his war against nature is inevitably a war against himself.” Rachel CarsonShe was once bitterl

10、y attacked:“an anti-humanitarian crank, a priestess of nature, and a hysterical woman”But she courageously went on fighting until her idea caught on and more and more people joined in.the mother of modern environmental movementAbout the book:1. When was it published?2. Who was the author?3. What is

11、it about? What is its central argument?4. How was it received?5. How significant is it now?6. Does it still make sense now?Part Three Text Appreciation3.1 Text Analysis1. Questions for thinking: a. What can you infer about Carsons view of the relation between man and nature? b. Was her view common i

12、n her time? c. How do you arrive at this inference? Structure of the textPart I: paras.1-6a town before & after the disasterPart II: paras. 7-9cause of the disaster: chemicalsPart III: paras. 10-14character & impact of mans tampering with naturePart IV: paras. 15-18reasons why pesticides fai

13、l to solve the pest problemPart V: paras. 19-24cause of modern pest problem and possible solutions Part VI: para. 25conclusionLogic & TechniqueWhat: from interest to concern descriptionHow: from general to specific exposition from nature to manWhy: from effect to cause argumentationHow: from cau

14、se to solution exposition & argumentationRelevant questions:1. Why did Carson devote a whole paragraph to describe the spreading of species in nature before she mentioned mans role in the process? 2 Did she always first describe the mechanisms in nature before talking about mans tampering with n

15、ature? 3. Why did she present her ideas in this way? Whats her hidden argument? Detailed Analysis of the textPart I: Main Idea Contrast: a town before & after the disasterBefore AfterColor ColorSound SoundMotion MotionOverall impression: Overall impression: vibrant, lifeless, harmonious, deserte

16、d, beautiful awfulPart II: Discussion1. Why did the author paint such a beautiful picture of a non-existent town? 2. What was she trying to appeal to? Part III: Discussion 1. How has man changed the relation between organisms and their surroundings? Human NatureDirection: Direction: life environment

17、 environment lifeSpeed: Speed:Character: destructive Character: adaptative irrecoverable2. In what way has mans power changed in character？(para. 11)3. How do chemicals affect our life? (para. 11) “passing from one to another in a chain of poisoning and death”4. What are the two examples given by th

18、e author as mans tampering with nature? (paras. 11-13)5. Why is mans change of the world particularly devastating? (paras. 12-14)Part IV: Discussion 1. Why are pesticides not a good solution? (3 reasons)They kill indiscriminately, reducing biodiversity. (para. 16)They contaminate the entire environm

19、ent. (para. 16) residual effectThey couldnt solve the pest problem. (para. 17) resistance to chemicals resurgence induced by pesticides2. What does the “endless spiral” refer to? (para. 17)3. What does the author mean by saying “all life is caught up in its violent crossfire”? (para. 17)4. What is t

20、he authors attitude towards mans use of chemicals? How is it implied? Rhetorical questions: “Can anyone believe it is ?”(para. 16) “How could intelligent beings?” (para. 18)Part V: Discussion 1. What principles should we follow to solve the pest problem? (para. 19)2. How did the pest problem come in

21、to being?intensification of agriculture (para. 20)invasion of imported species (paras. 21-23)3. Does spreading of organisms to new places happen in nature? How does it happen? What is the primary factor in this natural process? geological element, i.e. separating and rejoining of lands which took mi

22、llions of years to complete (para. 21)4. What are the sensible measures to solve the pest problem? (para. 24)to avoid suppressing “pests”to get more knowledge to promote an even balance5. In what ways have we done wrong in using chemicals? 3.2 Writing Devices1. What is good writing? Her measured, ca

23、refully-worded (language) yet passionate prose (passion, love) was all the more damning because she, herself, was a scientist (ideas; information). 2. How can we write with power and precision?2.1 EloquenceParallelsuntil they emerge and combine into new forms that kill vegetation, sicken cattle, and

24、 work unknown harm on those who drink from once pure wells. (para. 11) to still the song of birds and the leaping of fish, to coat the leaves with a deadly film, and to linger on in soil (para. 16)Rhetorical questions Can anyone believe? (para. 16) How could intelligent beings ? (para. 18)Antitheses

25、:(juxtaposition of contrasting ideas in one grammatical structure) The rapidity of change follows the impetuous pace of man rather than the deliberate pace of nature. (para. 13) this imagined tragedy may easily become a harsh reality we all shall know. (para. 8)2.2 Precision Qualifying expressions:

26、To a large extent, the physical form and the habits of the earths vegetation and its animal life have been molded by the environment. (para. 10) This pollution is for the most part irrecoverable. (para. 11) And even this, were it by some miracle possible, would be futile. (para. 14)Special verbs: n.

27、 v.: flame, coat, line adj. v.: still, brown, damp3.3 Sentence Paraphrase1. There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to live in harmony with it surroundings. Once upon a time there was a town in the central part of America where all living things seemed to exist peacefully

28、 with their environment.2. In autumn, oak and maple and birch set up a blaze of color that flamed and flickered across a background of pines.In autumn, the oak, maple and birch trees turned yellow, red or brown, making a beautiful show of colors against the dark green of pine trees.3. Then some evil

29、 spell settled on the community: mysterious diseases swept the flocks of chickens; the cattle and sheep sickened and died.Then, as if by some evil power, disease struck the community: strange diseases quickly struck down large numbers of chicken; the cattle and sheep became ill and died.4. The feedi

30、ng stations in the backyards were deserted.No birds came to eat or drink what was there at the feeding stations.5. On the mornings that had once throbbed(有規(guī)律地顫動(dòng)) with the dawn chorus of scores of bird voices there was now no sound; The morning air used to vibrate with the singing of birds, but there

31、 was now no sound6. a harsh reality we all shall know.some serious consequence that we all have to face7. This book is an attempt to explain:This book, Silent Spring, intends to explain what has caused the disasters in many towns in America.8. a history of interaction between living things and their

32、 surroundingsa history of how living things and their environment affect and relate to each other.9. To a large extent, the physical form and the habits of the earths vegetation and its animal life have been molded by the environment.The physical features and habits of the living things on earth hav

33、e been greatly shaped by their surroundings.10. Considering the whole span of earthly time, the opposite effect, in which life actually modifies its surroundings, has been relatively slight.When we think of the long history of life on earth, the degree living things affect their environment has been

34、 insignificant as compared with the effect of the environment on plant and animal life.11. but it has changed in characterbut the nature of this power to alter the environment has changed.12. This pollution is for the most part irrecoverable. In most cases, the polluted air, soil, rivers and the sea

35、 cannot be restored to their original natural state.13. Or they pass mysteriously by underground streams until they emerge and combine into new forms that kill vegetation, sicken cattle, and work unknown harm on those who drink from once pure wells. Or they get deeper into underground streams, under

36、go some chemical process somewhere, and then become new substances that contaminate wells, kill plants and make cattle as well as people that drink the water sick.14. The rapid change follows the impetuous pace of man rather than the deliberate pace of nature.Man is changing nature rapidly while nat

37、ure adjusts to the changes slowly. Therefore adjustment can never keep up with change, and anew balance between living things and their environment can hardly be reached.15. The chemicals are the synthetic creations of mans inventive mind, having no counterparts in nature.Nature does not produce suc

38、h things as chemicals. They are man-made and the result of mans creative power.16. And even this, were it by some miracle possible, would be futile, for the new chemicals come from our laboratories in an endless stream; It would take some magic power to make living things adjust to these chemicals i

39、n the life of generations. Even if this were possible, it would be useless, because new chemicals are continuously being created and produced.17. to still the song of birds and the leaping of fish, to coat the leaves with a deadly film, and to linger on the soilto kill the birds and fish, to cover t

40、he leaves with a thin layer of death-causing chemicals and to stay in soil for a long time18. - all this though the intended target may be only a few weeds or insects. all these serious consequences come about perhaps just because man wants to destroy a few weeds or insects.Part Four Language Study4

41、.1 Phrases and Expressions Translation1. 化學(xué)制品在農(nóng)業(yè)上被廣泛地、無區(qū)別地使用。(apply to)2. 我們應(yīng)該儲(chǔ)存一些食物以應(yīng)急。(lay down)3. 這本書剛一出版，她就被卷入了爭(zhēng)論的漩渦當(dāng)中。(be caught up in)4. 他的發(fā)明只有一項(xiàng)最終進(jìn)入了市場(chǎng)。(find its way into)Useful Words & Expressionsbe geared tointroduceintoa great variety ofhold sth within boundsbuilt-inchecka limit onset

42、the stage forexplosive (increases)live on (wheat)a/another factor inisin progressis the primary/an important agent ininvariablyout of reach ofa life-and-death need/mattersuppresspromote a balancedamp downoutbreak of (war, disease, plague, food poisoning, etc.)4.2 Grammar 1 Study and learn how the wo

43、rds such and so are used.1 Observe how the two words are used and point out their function in each sentence.1. So it had been from the days many years ago(para. 2)as a substitute for a predicative that has already been mentioned or implied to avoid repetition2. The roadsides, once so attractive, wer

44、e now lined with browned and withered vegetation as though swept by fire. (para. 5)used before an adjective, meaning very3. Can anyone believe it is possible to lay down such a large number of poisons on the surface of the earth without making it unfit for all life? (para. 16) pre-determiner in a no

45、un phrase. 4. I am sayingthat the methods employed must be such that they do not destroy us along with the insects. (para. 19)adjective as predicative used in the structure “such + that-clause” to denote result5. only so can you live a free life. (para. 4, Unit 4) as a substitute for what has alread

46、y been mentioned to avoid repetition6. The other great philosophers of the fourth century BC, such as Plato and Aristotle, taught mainly their own private pupils. (para. 6, Unit 4)idiom, meaning like7. And, by design, he publicly behaved in such ways as to show people what real life was. (para. 6, U

47、nit 4)adjective used in the structure “such + noun phrase + as + to-infinitive” to denote result8. Once there was a war scare so serious that it stirred even the lazy, profit-happy Corinthians. (para. 9, Unit 4)in the sothat structure9. “I see so few people to talk to nowadays that I have turned int

48、o a sort of barbarian,” he said. (para. 55, Unit 3) the same as No 8in the sothat structure10. so that you need not be hurt by the sharp stones and the mud that you hated so. (para. 57, Unit 3) introducing an adverbial clause of result Rewrite the underlined parts using the patterns listed belowPatt

49、ern 1Considering the whole span of earthly time, the opposite effect, in which life actually modifies its surroundings, has been relatively slight. (para. 10)Pattern 2Given time time not in years but in millennia life adjusts, and a balance has been reached. (para. 12)Pattern 3Thus it is no accident

50、 that our most troublesome insects are introduced species. (para. 23)Pattern 4It is not my contention that chemical insecticides must never be used. (para. 25)1. We all believed that, if we had time, our product would break into international market.We all believed that, given time, our product woul

51、d break into international market. 2. We do not insist that all food additives should be banned. Our contention is that they must be used discriminately. It is not our contention that all food additives should be banned. Our contention is that they must be used discriminately.3. My grandparents atti

52、tudes toward new things like Internet banking, microblogging are pretty modern, when you think about their age.My grandparents attitudes toward new things like Internet banking, microblogging are pretty modern, considering their age.4. In this department, women make up 80% of the junior staff whereas men fill most of the top jobs; this does not happen accidentally.It is no accident that in this department5. When we take into account the difficult circumstances, the young spokesman of the Defense Ministry demonstrated cons