美國音樂文化介紹(英文)American music styles（課堂PPT）

1、1Ameican MusicAmeican Music2Music is more than just sound - it is a way of thinking! When we listen to music, sing and dance, or play an instrument, we are also becoming better thinkers. Music intelligence is one of our eight human intelligences. We can learn language from songs and chants詠唱. Some p

2、eople study better with music on!Music3Music of the United States The music of the United States reflects the countrys multi-ethnic population through a diverse array rei一系列 of styles. Rock and roll搖滾樂 , blues, country, rhythm rim韻律 and jazz節(jié)奏爵士, pop流行音樂 , and hip hop are among the countrys most int

3、ernationally-renowned genres. The United States has the worlds largest music industry and its music is heard around the world. Since the beginning of the 20th century, some forms of American popular music have gained a near global audience.4Styles of American Music v Jazzv R&Bv Rockv Hip hop/ ra

4、pv Pop v Country music5JAZZ-爵士樂6Part 1 Jazz Jazz is a style of music that originated at the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States from a confluence knflu:ns匯集 of African and European music traditions. From its early development until the present,

5、 jazz has incorporated music from 19th and 20th century American popular music. 7Origins African music was largely functional for work or ritual, and included work songs and field hollers叫喊. The African tradition made use of a single-line melody曲調 and call-and-response pattern, but without the Europ

6、ean concept of harmony. Rhythms reflected African speech patterns, and the African use of pentatonic ,penttnik五音的 scales led to blue notes in blues and jazz.8Elements of Jazz Jazz is very hard to describe because there are now many different styles of jazz. Common instruments used in Jazz music are

7、trumpet小號 , piano, and saxophone Improvisation m,prvzen即興創(chuàng)作 is a key element. Scat-singing 擬聲唱法 is also common.9JazzThough originally a kind of dance music, jazz has been a major part of popular music, and has also become a major element of Western classical music. Jazz has roots in West African cul

8、tural and musical expression, and in African American music traditions including blues and ragtime切分樂曲 , as well as European military band music.10Part 2Rock & rollRock & roll music is a kind of type, originated in the 1940s and 1950s end of early American pop, quickly became popular in the

9、world. Rock with its flexible bold expression and passion music rhythm expression of emotion, is widely accepted by the young people around the world.11 Rock and roll developed out of country, blues, and R&B. Rocks exact origins and early influences have been hotly debated, and are the subjects

10、of much scholarship. Though squarely in the blues tradition, rock took elements from Afro-Caribbean and Latin musical techniques. Rock was an urban style, formed in the areas where diverse populations resulted in the mixtures of African American, Latin and European genres ranging from the blues and

11、country to polka 波爾卡舞曲 and zydeco 柴迪科舞曲. Rock and roll first entered popular music through a style called rockabilly山區(qū)鄉(xiāng)村搖滾樂(起源于美國東南部) , which fused 融合 the nascent 初期的 sound with elements of country music. Black-performed rock and roll had previously had limited mainstream success, but it was the whi

12、te performer Elvis Presley who first appealed to mainstream audiences with a black style of music, becoming one of the best-selling musicians in history, and brought rock and roll to audiences across the world.12 Even though Rock music keeps changing through the years, the drums and electric guitar

13、are always there. Most Rock fans are white peopleElvis Aron Presley ：Love Me Tender Heartbreak Hotel 貓王13Bill Haley Bill Haley was called the father of rock, founder of the rock. Bill Haley 被稱之為搖滾樂之父，也是搖滾樂的創(chuàng)始人。 14heavy metal 重金屬重金屬 coryphaeus,krifis 主唱者主唱者guitar 吉他 drum-set 架子鼓 keyboard 鍵盤 bass 貝斯貝斯

14、Crazy 瘋狂瘋狂Passion 激情 15Part 3 Country music Country music is a kind of contemporary pop music, originated in the southern United States and Appalachia mountains. Country music is rooted in the 1920s from the traditional folk music, integrated with Gospel music福音音樂, Celtic music and classical music.

15、The melody of country music is generally very smooth, beautiful and the phrasing structure also is simple.16History of Country Music In the 1950s, American music was about other things, for example, love and money. In the 1960s, songs were often full of anger, and some of them made fun of the politi

16、cal leaders. During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. Song writers are no longer writing about the modern values of the USAmoney, success or expensive things to buy. Instead they are writing once more about things that are common for everyone. most popular in the US

17、 countryside and somewhat popular in the cities but not very popular outside the US. Common themes: life in rural America, love, crime, and prison life. 17Country Music Instruments Common instruments used in country music include the fiddle (violin), banjo bnd 班卓琴 /五弦琴 , and slide-guitar 滑棒吉他 .18 To

18、day country music has become a big business. It brings in a lot of money. Now, it has reached all parts of the States, from Los Angeles in the west to New York in the east. It remains much the same as before. One subject is “the good old days ”. In “the good old days” people thought well of each oth

19、er. People loved life in the open air. They believed that the best things in life were free: sunshine, laughing, walks in the beauty of the country, friends and music.19Jimmie Rodgers Country musics father JimmieRodgersJimmieRodgers對美國鄉(xiāng)村音樂的影響是巨大的，盡管他的演藝生涯大部分是在對美國鄉(xiāng)村音樂的影響是巨大的，盡管他的演藝生涯大部分是在美國經(jīng)濟最不景氣的時期度

20、過，而他的演出又常集中在最貧窮的地區(qū)，但當我們在他美國經(jīng)濟最不景氣的時期度過，而他的演出又常集中在最貧窮的地區(qū)，但當我們在他的紀念專輯封套上讀到：的紀念專輯封套上讀到：“在他的全盛期，手頭并不寬裕的村民踏進商店，買了一些在他的全盛期，手頭并不寬裕的村民踏進商店，買了一些生活必須品之后，全都會再要一張他的最新唱片生活必須品之后，全都會再要一張他的最新唱片”時，我們不會不為之感動他是時，我們不會不為之感動他是“村里會唱歌的小伙子村里會唱歌的小伙子”，也是老百姓心中的英雄，也是老百姓心中的英雄 Jimmie Rodgers to American country musics influence i

21、s huge, although most of his career in the U.S. economy is the weakest, and he spent time and often focus on the performance of the poorest regions, but when we are in his album covers read: “in his heyday全盛期 , not bounteous banti:s 慷慨的 villagers stepped into the grocery store and bought some necess

22、ities. All will have another of his latest album,”. He is “the village sing guy, but also people hero.20Accordion 手風琴手風琴Autoharp 豎琴豎琴 Harmonica 口琴口琴Piano 鋼琴鋼琴 Drums 鼓鼓 Fiddle 小提琴小提琴21 American country music in different times Times Subjects 1990s 1950s 1960s 1) feeling alone in the modern world2) th

23、e value of having good friendslove-getting or losing a boyfriend or girlfriend2) money was also thought to be important1) were often full of anger 2) often made fun of political leaders22American country music (returned)results homescopesingersequipmentsubject1.big business2.brings in a lot of money

24、Nashville納什維爾(美國田納西州首府), Tennesseeall parts of the worldnot just from the States but from all over the worlda lot of electrical equipmentthe good old daysAmerican country music today23sorts Early Country 早期鄉(xiāng)村樂 Cowboy 牛仔音樂 Western Swing西部搖擺 Blue Grass 蘭草音樂 Honkyu-Tonk酒吧音樂 Rockabilly 鄉(xiāng)土搖滾 The Nashvill

25、e Sound 納什維爾之聲 Country-rock 鄉(xiāng)村搖滾 Outlaw叛道運動 New Traditional Country新傳統(tǒng)主義 New Country新鄉(xiāng)村音樂 Retro回歸音樂2425John Denver1943 burn in New Mexico, he learned architecture at university.1971 He came to the front for Take Me Home, Country Roads（鄉(xiāng)村之路）.His songs were full of his love to the hometown, the respec

26、t of nature, the admire of life and the hope of a beautiful world.1997 When he drived his pubble-jumper, the plane fell. Then he left his funs forever.His famous songs: Take Me Home, Country Roads Rocky Mountain High高高洛基山 African Sunshine非洲的黎明26George Strait1952.5.18 Burn at Texas.He was one of the

27、most famous country music singers in 1980s. 1971 He joined the army.1973 He bought a cheap geta.He formed a band named Rambling Country. 1975 He gone back home and went to Sounthwest Tesxas university studying agriculture. 1979 He recorded his firse album in MCA。After that,Straitstayed on the top fo

28、r a long time.1992 He take part in the film Pure Country.Four songs of this film went to the top of broadcast.His famous songs: I Saw God Today It Just Comes Natural Good News, Bad News Murder On Music Row27Shania Twain1965.8.28 Burn in Ontario Canada，she was the most popular morden country music si

29、nger after Garth Brooks in the middle of 1990s. She began to learn guitar,creative and singing when she was very young. 。1993 first album Shania Twain1996 Recived the village Grammy Award singer(格萊美最佳鄉(xiāng)村女歌手獎)by Any man of mine .Her famous songs:What Made You Say That(1993) 是什么讓你說起那些Any Man Of Mine(19

30、96）我的男人Youar Still The One(1999） 你是我的唯一From This Moment On就從此刻起28 Taylor Alison Swift 泰勒泰勒斯威夫特斯威夫特 American country music female artist, will use acoustic guitar, piano. 美國鄉(xiāng)村音樂女創(chuàng)作歌手，會用木美國鄉(xiāng)村音樂女創(chuàng)作歌手，會用木吉他、鋼琴演奏。吉他、鋼琴演奏。 Favorite Female Country Artist 最受歡迎鄉(xiāng)村女藝人最受歡迎鄉(xiāng)村女藝人 Best New Artist 最佳新人獎最佳新人獎 29（Rhy

31、thm & Blues ）節(jié)奏布魯斯節(jié)奏布魯斯R & BPart 430 R&B的全名是Rhythm & Blues，一般譯作 “節(jié)奏布魯斯”(R&B)，時至今日，R&B已經(jīng)成了黑人流行音樂的代名詞，盡管它更多的是作為一種區(qū)別于說唱樂(Rap)、靈魂樂(Soul)、都市歌(Urban)的音樂種類被特殊的聽眾和唱片界人士提及。 Rhythm and Blues is the full translation of “R&B”. Today, R&B music has become the pronoun of black popu

32、lar, although it is more of a kind of difference in Rap, Soul, Urban song (music by the situation) types of special audience and record circles mentioned.31R&B Rhythm and blues, often abbreviated to R&B, is a genre of popular African American music that originated in the 1940s. The term was

33、originally used by record companies to describe recordings marketed predominantly to urban African Americans, at a time when “urbane, rocking, jazz based music with a heavy, insistent beat” was becoming more popular.32 早期的搖滾樂就是以R&B為基礎的，它是由受流行音樂影響的“鄉(xiāng)村和西部音樂”延展而來。R&B不僅僅是在布魯斯和搖滾樂之間的一種重要的過渡音樂，它還是

34、布魯斯和靈魂樂之間最重要的音樂分支。 Early in the rock, R&B, it is the basis for the popular music influence country and western music. R&B is not only in the blues and rock music is a kind of important between the music, it still transition between Bruce and soul music is the most important.33RKelly 羅伯特凱利，美國

35、R&B巨星，1967年1月8日出生于美國最大的湖港城市，伊利諾伊州芝加哥市的南部地區(qū)，全球賣出超過一億五千萬張專輯的驚人銷售量、一千五百萬張的單曲銷售數(shù)字、13首單曲排行冠軍紀錄，R.Kelly成為90年代至今最具代表性的暢銷天王之一。 R. Kelly是美國R&B和說唱音樂中最出色的歌手，制作人和詞曲作者之一，由他制作的音樂總能很好的把說唱音樂，R&B音樂以及靈魂樂完美的融合在一起并創(chuàng)造出優(yōu)美的旋律，因而能夠得到R. Kelly制作的專輯決不會讓歌迷的耳朵受罪，同時他本人還是90年代專輯銷量最好的男歌手之一。34最佳靈魂樂最佳靈魂樂/R&B女歌手女歌手The

36、best soul/R&B singer格萊美音樂大獎格萊美音樂大獎 Grammy R&B singer global sales of the best全球銷量最佳全球銷量最佳R&B女歌手女歌手35Part 5Hip Hop嘻哈嘻哈 說唱說唱 36Hip-Hop Hip hop first emerged among young urban blacks in New York City during the late 1970s/early 1980s. By the late 1990s Hip-hop had become more popular than R

37、ock music in America. 37 hip-hop是20多年前始于美國街頭的一種黑人文化，也泛指rap（說唱樂）。hip-hop 文化的四種表現(xiàn)方式包括rap （有節(jié)奏、押韻地說話）、b-boying（街 舞）、dj-ing（玩唱片及唱盤技巧）、raffiti writing（涂 鴉 藝 術）。 因此rap （說 唱 樂）只是hip-hop 文化中的一種元素，要加上其它舞蹈、服飾、生活態(tài)度等才構成完整的hip-hop 文 化。 說唱起源于60年代，而作為音樂理解的HipHop則起源于70年代初，它的前身是RAP(有時候會加一點R&B)。這是一種完全自由式即興式的音樂。這種

38、音樂不帶有任何程式化，拘束的成分。在任何時間，任何地點你都可以炫Hip hop 只要你high 。 HipHop從字面上來看，Hip是臀部，Hop是搖擺，加在一起就是輕 扭擺臀，是以前美國的蹦迪。原先指的是雛形階段的街舞(也就是我們以前說的霹靂舞)，后來才逐漸發(fā)展成一種巨大的概念我們現(xiàn)在說的HipHop文化還包括了那些寬大的衣服、沉甸甸的純金飾品、平時說起話來就“YoYo?whats up？men！”的口語習慣總之就是那種美國貧民街區(qū)里黑人的生活方式以及他們的“范兒”。 38Jay-ZRap godfather（說唱界教父說唱界教父 ）Real Name（本名） Shawn Corey Car

39、terAmerican hip-hop music artist, entrepreneur. In April 2008 with Beyonce marriage. Most NBA players are listening to songs of JAY Z美國嘻哈音樂藝術家、企業(yè)美國嘻哈音樂藝術家、企業(yè)家，于在家，于在2008年年4月月4日與碧日與碧昂絲結婚。昂絲結婚。NBA大部分球員大部分球員都是聽著都是聽著JAY-Z的歌長大的的歌長大的39冠軍專輯數(shù)：11張（歷史第二，超越貓王，僅次于披頭士） 在新一周的Billboard 200專輯榜中，東海岸說唱達人Jay Z的新作Ameri

40、can Gangster為他贏得了他在Billboard專輯榜中的第十個冠軍。據(jù)Nielsen SoundScan統(tǒng)計，American Gangster在美國上市第一周的銷量為42萬5千張。至此，Jay Z已經(jīng)追平了“貓王”埃爾維斯普萊斯利(Elvis Presley)10張冠軍專輯的紀錄。目前，Jay Z和Elvis Presley仍落后于披頭士樂隊(The Beatles)19張冠軍專輯的最高紀錄。自從1998年以來，Jay Z的全部八張個人專輯全部都在Billboard 200專輯榜中奪魁，而他和林肯公園樂隊(Linkin Park)合作的Collision Course以及同R.凱利

41、(R.Kelly)合作的專輯Unfinished Business也都非常輕松地在Billboard 200專輯榜中稱霸。Jay-Z是美國說唱界的超級明星，同時是The 40/40體育酒吧連鎖店的合伙人，Def Jam唱片公司的前任首席執(zhí)行官，Roc-A-Fella唱片公司的三位創(chuàng)始人之一，并開創(chuàng)了Rocawear品牌服飾。 40The four elements of hip-hop Rapping DJ-ingBreak dancing Graffiti Art41Part 6 Pop Music流行音樂42Pop Music Pop music is hard to describe b

42、ecause its just music that is popular at any given time. Pop music may be very similar to Rap, R&B, Rock or even Country music but it is designed to have mass appeal.Pop music is often a fusion of styles43 Part 7 Classical Music 古典樂44Development HistoryMedieval Period 中世紀時期 (1450年前) Major in poe

43、try主要以詩篇為主Baroque 巴洛克時期 (約為公元16001750) Fantasia, overture幻想曲、序曲Classical古典主義時期(約公元17501820) Sonata奏鳴曲Romanticism浪漫主義時期(約為公元18201900) This period of music pay more attention to express ones mental state and subjective feelings, the natural scenery of the performance also increasingly prominent, the c

44、reation of ethnic and folk music on the use of more attention and frequent. 這一時期的音樂更注重表達人的精神境界與主觀感情，對自然景物的表現(xiàn)也愈加突出，創(chuàng)作上對民族和民間音樂的利用更加重視與頻繁。4546 Leonard Bernstein 倫納德倫納德伯恩斯坦伯恩斯坦 （19181990) The most outstanding music command master美國最杰出的音樂指揮大師He is a conductor, composers, performers collection, educators

45、, theorists in the art world masters, its artistic attainments. The international public opinion thinks, “he left blank is difficult to fill the”.他是一位集指揮家、作曲家、演奏家、教育家、理論家于一身的藝他是一位集指揮家、作曲家、演奏家、教育家、理論家于一身的藝術大師，其藝術造詣舉世推崇。國際輿論認為，術大師，其藝術造詣舉世推崇。國際輿論認為，“他所留下的空白他所留下的空白是難以填補的是難以填補的”。 47 The Grammy Awards (originally called the Gramophone Awards)or Grammysare presented annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences