歐元與歐債危機_英語PPT

1、信管六班信管六班組長：組長：MegazMegaz組員：組員：Xiaobo YangXiaobo Yang、BangbangbangbangbangbangBangbangbangbangbangbangThe EURO is the single currency of the European Union.Brief introductionBrief introduction The euro came into existence on 1 January 1999, although it had been a goal of the European Union (EU) and i

2、ts predecessors since the 1960s. After tough negotiations, particularly due to opposition from the United Kingdom, the Maastricht Treaty entered into force in 1993 with the goal of creating economic and monetary union by 1999 for all EU states except the UK and Denmark (even though Denmark has a fix

3、ed exchange rate policy with the euro).2022-2-25 The euro is the currency used by the Institutions of the European Union and is the official currency of the eurozone, which consists of 17 of the 27 member states of the European Union: Austria, Belgium beldm, Cyprussaiprs, Estonia estuni , Finland, F

4、rance, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourglksmb: , Maltam:lt, the Netherlands nelndz , Portugalp:tjul , Slovakia sluvki , Sloveniasluvi:ni , and Spain. Euro started to be officially used in the 11 euro countries in 1991.The currency is also used in a further five European countries and conse

5、quently used daily by some 332 million Europeans.Additionally, more than 175 million people worldwideincluding 150 million people in Africause currencies pegged to the euro.Member Country Time1-111-11Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Finland, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Ireland, Italy, Portugal an

6、d Spain(奧地利、比利時、法國、奧地利、比利時、法國、德國、芬蘭、荷蘭、盧森堡、愛爾蘭、意大利、德國、芬蘭、荷蘭、盧森堡、愛爾蘭、意大利、葡萄牙和西班牙葡萄牙和西班牙 ) )199119911212Greek（希臘）（希臘）200020001313Slovenia （斯洛文尼亞）（斯洛文尼亞）2007200714,1514,15Cyprus ,Malta（塞浦路斯，馬耳他）塞浦路斯，馬耳他）200820081616Slovakia（斯洛伐克）（斯洛伐克） 200920091717Estonia （愛沙尼亞）（愛沙尼亞）201120112022-2-25Countries who use

7、the euro.歐洲單一貨幣（1999now）Joint Float European Monetary System the single Europe currency聯(lián)合浮動（19711978年）歐洲貨幣體系（19791998） (EMS)The monetary union was established The monetary union was established in 1969 by European Community.in 1969 by European Community.歐共體于歐共體于19691969年著手建立年著手建立“貨幣聯(lián)盟貨幣聯(lián)盟”And they p

8、lanned a ten-years interim And they planned a ten-years interim period.period.規(guī)劃了一個規(guī)劃了一個1010年過渡期。年過渡期。1.unify the ECU統(tǒng)一歐洲貨幣單位2.The formation of stable exchange rate system形成穩(wěn)定的匯率體系3.The establishment of a European Monetary Fund建立歐洲貨幣共同基金The Treaty on European Union（Maastricht Treaty）Core content：Eur

9、opean union（1/11/1993）The European Central Bank(1/7/1998)the single Europe currency歐洲聯(lián)盟條約又稱為馬斯特里赫特條約，簡稱馬約。核心內(nèi)容：1993年11月1日建立歐洲聯(lián)盟。1998年7月1日成立歐洲中央銀行1999年起實行單一貨幣。2022-2-25positiveWorld Promote the multi-polarization of the world economic structure, Contribute to the growth of the world economy,is an eno

10、rmous change in the international economic and trade patterns. 促進世界經(jīng)濟格局的多極化,有助于世界經(jīng)濟的增長,使國際經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易格局產(chǎn)生巨大變化。EU Stimulate the production and trade of EU enterprises.Prompted the European financial markets tend to unify.To play better economies of scale, attract talent and investment. 刺激歐盟企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)和貿(mào)易，同時促使歐洲的金

11、融市場趨向統(tǒng)一,更好地發(fā)揮規(guī)模經(jīng)濟效益,吸引人才和投資。 China Simplification of trade procedures, reduce transaction risks, is conducive to the strengthening of technical cooperation, help to open up the diversification of foreign trade 簡化貿(mào)易手續(xù),降低交易風險,有利于加強技術(shù)合作 ,有利于開拓對外貿(mào)易多元化 2022-2-25NegativeWorldExacerbated by the turmoil in

12、financial markets in the world,European banks constitute a considerable threat to foreign banks加劇世界金融市場的動蕩，歐洲銀行對外國銀行構(gòu)成相當大的威脅EUMember states fiscal severely constrained,EU internal development is not balanced.成員國財政受到嚴重約束,歐盟內(nèi)部發(fā)展得不到平衡。ChinaProduce a certain pressure to Chinas export growth momentumThe

13、difference between the export price strategy of Chinese enterprises difficult to use.The exchange rate risk of the transaction will tend to concentrate會給中國出口的增勢產(chǎn)生一定壓力,使中國企業(yè)差別出口價格策略難以使用,交易的匯率風險將趨于集中The euro banknotes total divided into 5,10,20,50,100,200,500 seven denomination ，have different size an

14、d color . Each denomination banknotes are a European construction period, a map of Europe and the European banner歐元紙幣共分為5、10、20、50、100、200、500歐元7種面值，尺寸和顏色各不相同。每種面值的紙幣都顯示一個歐洲建筑時期、一張歐洲地圖和歐洲旗幟。Euro coin has eight denominations.And the 17 member states of the European Unions coins have a side of the sam

15、e pattern, the other side is not the same.歐元硬幣一共有8種面額。歐元區(qū)17個國家的硬幣有一面相同的圖案，另一面則不相同. Style :rococo rkk 洛可可式 （18 世紀后半期盛行歐洲的一種建筑裝飾藝術(shù)風格）Color :olive lv橄欖綠 Size :147mm 82mmStyle :Ironan, glass 著名巴黎拱廊街的畫，就特別留意鐵（Iron）和玻璃（Glass）作為現(xiàn)代新興建筑物料的文化涵意。Color :orangeSise :153mm82mmStyle :the 20 CenturyColor :fuchsiafj

16、u 紫紅色Size :160mm82mmStyle :Renaissance rineisns 文藝復興時期Color :Ocher kred赭紅色Size :140mm 77mm2022-2-25Style : classic(經(jīng)典的）Color :caesioussi:zis青灰色Size :120mm62m Style :Gothic（哥特式的野蠻的）Color :lavenderlvnd淡紫色Size :133mm 72mmStyle :Roman（浪漫的）Color :rose-redSize :127mm67m奧地利 Austriaradix gentiana植物龍膽根Leonto

17、podium植物火絨草The Alps primroses阿爾卑斯山的櫻草花1、2、5歐分是奧地利的花卉。 奧地利 AustriaSt. Stephans Cathedral ki:dr()l, This is a famous Gothic architecture, and it is also a tourist destination in Vienna vien .奧地利維也納圣斯特凡大教堂，這是一座著名的哥特式建筑，同時也是維也納的旅游勝地Belvedere Palace (Belvedere） belvdA famous baroque architecture in Austr

18、ia as a symbol of freedom 奧地利著名的巴羅克式建筑Belvedere Palace（美景宮）作為自由的象征Vienna Secession sse()n schools architecture, describe a bridge leading to the new financial and monetary system維也納分離學派的建筑，描繪了通往新的金融貨幣體系的橋梁10、20、50歐分是奧地利首都維也納的建筑物。 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart muza:t Mozart is a famous Austrian composer, H

19、e made the Austrian to be the capital of the famous music莫扎特是奧地利著名的作曲家，也反映了奧地利是有名的音樂之都Bertha von SuttnerShe is a pacifist psfst .As the symbol that Austria she support the peace for 10 years貝爾塔馮蘇特納是一位和平主義者，作為奧地利花費10年時間支持和平的象征奧地利 Austria1、2歐元則是奧地利的名人。2022-2-25Exchange RateExchange Rate 20122012年年1212

20、月月8 8日日1euro(EUR) =8.0407yuan(CNY) )1euro(EUR) =1.2925dollar(USD) 1euro(EUR) =0.806pound(GBP)1euro(EUR) =106.5956yen(JPY)1euro(EUR) =6.5599franc(FRF)The exchange rates of EUR against British pound is 0.806. 24Process of Debt crisis in Europe StartThe worlds three major rating companies downgraded Gr

21、eeces sovereign rating, then the debt crisis intensified in GreeceDevelopingBelgium, Spain, other European countries began to fall into crisis and non crisis in Greece has been the protagonist.SpreadGermany and other leading euro-zone countries have begun to feel the impact of the crisis, the euro i

22、s facing the most severe test since the establishment UpgradeEU finance ministers reached a total of up to 750 billion euros of stabilization mechanism to prevent the crisis from spreading.In 2008 financial crisis, the Greek debt crisis happened.Since 2010, European countries began to fall into cris

23、is. Affected by the influence of the crisis, the euro begins to drop substantially, the European stock markets are tumbled and the euro zone is facing the most severe situation since its establishment . European debt crisisEuropean debt crisisWhat caused the European Sovereign What caused the Europe

24、an Sovereign Debt CrisisDebt Crisis（ ESDC ESDC）? ?To be spreaded by Greece Debt Crisis 2022-2-25The eurozone local is into chaos The euro areas problems outbreak and the debt problem begins to expand Euro zone economic becomes to be recession The prime ministers of Greek and Italian resigned, the go

25、vernment of Greek is in the edge of bankruptcy The impact of the European debt crisisThe impact of the European debt crisisThe debt crisis continues to be serious,and the euro falls renewal European countries debt becomes overweight which causes to 2022-2-25This debt crisis challenges the stability

26、of the euro area , and role of the euro in the global monetary system is to be challenged.Because of the heavy burden of its alliance countries debt , some countries are bankruptcy, which ,meanwhile,affects the overall stability of the euro area monetary system and leads to the euro continues to be

27、more soft . Euro crisisEuro crisis Entity economy The eurozone crisis impacts Asias export ,which increases economic multiple delay when the global economy has not yet been recovery . Virtual economy The euros continuing to be soft leads to raw material costs in the Latin America region continue to

28、rise,and further leads to the global stock market lower. The euro crisis also proofs that national credit is not limit, this is an important alert to the global economic system . The effect of the euro crisisThe effect of the euro crisis In 2012 , European debt crisis drama has been unveiled. In 201

29、2, the euro zone countries and banks will face a huge amount of debt maturity, the financing pressure is unprecedented; In 2012, the debt crisis and banking crisis extrusion of the European economy will rolle up and the work of rebuilding market confidence will be the more difficult; In 2012, the eu

30、ro and the fate of the euro area are still uncertain. The present situation of the euroThe present situation of the euro Austrias former prime minister Wolfgang XuSaiEr: Im not pessimistic, the euro will not fall down. In the future, the euro zone will develop more perfect rules, even if the problem

31、 is now one of the most serious in Greece, finally it will be solved. The former chairman of the proletarian: The collapse of euro will bring financial difficulties and national debt crisis disastrous consequences; Even after many difficulties,and political wrangling, the European Union will decide

32、to protect the stability of the system of the euro when there is inflation in the economic. OptimististsOptimististsAndrew Claire ,the professor of British kass business school : To the euro,the next two years will be the beginning of the decline , the euro may leave the stage twenty years later . E

33、conomic union is only the thought of individual countrys leaders , rather than the will of the Eurpean people Pessimistic sentPessimistic sentThe first is to expand the size of the current rescue mechanism .The second is to continue to push forward the reform of the economic management, and deepen e

34、conomic integration.The third is to adjust to Greece and Irelands rescue plan, including extend the Greek reimbursement deadline, help the two countries reduce the loan interest rate, so as to decrease the burden of the payments. Measures MeasuresThe fourth is to reach agreement on the euro zones pe

35、rmanent mechanism for crisis response.The fifth is to repair the financial system to maintain financial stability.Sixth, the relevant Member States should vigorously improve fiscal consolidation and the implementation of economic structural reforms to promote economic growth.In the future, the probl

36、ems in the euro zone country economy as well as the European monetary union architecture need to be solved indeed. But if countries can take the correct adjustment policies after the crisis, they will become stronger. Europe need to find the most appropriate combination of cooperation in order to ma

37、intain them in the global range of common interests, and keep the competitiveness of development. To achieve these, they must strong the realationship of each member The future of the euro Conclusion: the euro will not collapse,but it may exist with Conclusion: the euro will not collapse,but it may

38、exist with the risk of secession the risk of secession I think,for the euro, there is no systemic risk of collapse in short time, but some countries may give up the use of it, and the euro area may gradually establish a qualification of the member states of the dynamic adjustment mechanism and withd

39、rawing mechanism.（1） As long as Germany and France dont quit the euro zone, the possibility of collapse is minimal, and France and Germanys out of the euro area is a small probability event. Through the eurozone and European Union amplification ,Germany improves its global importance and credibility, and promote the development of regional trade and enhance the global competitiveness, Germany is the biggest beneficiaries of the euro area,it cant quit the euro zone.(2) If it is Greece that exits the euro zone, it is conducive to the euro areas long-term stability a