小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)及練習(xí)完整

1、小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)一、名詞可數(shù)名詞：表示可以具體個(gè)別存在的人或物。可數(shù)名詞有單復(fù)數(shù)形式，其單數(shù)形式與不定冠詞a(n)連用?？蓴?shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則：1一般情況下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2以s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches3以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries4以“f或fe”結(jié)尾，變f或fe為v, 再加-es，如：knife

2、-knives5不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-micechild-childrenfoot-feet, tooth-teethfish-fish, people-people, sheep-sheep, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese不可數(shù)名詞：表示不能個(gè)別存在的事物，如液體類(lèi)，氣體類(lèi)的物質(zhì)；少數(shù)固體類(lèi)的物質(zhì) （grass草，ice冰），抽象的名詞（help幫助，music音樂(lè)）。不可數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)（如some water）

3、,不能與不定冠詞連用。寫(xiě)出下列各詞的復(fù)數(shù) photo _ diary _ day_ dress _thief _ yo-yo _ peach_ juice_water _ rice_ tea _ man_ woman_ banana _ bus_ child _ foot _ sheep _ leaf(樹(shù)葉) _ dish _ knife _ pen_ boy_ baby_ map _ city _ box _ book _ class _ eye _ office _ car_ fox(狐貍) _ watch _ library _ pear _ skirt _ shelf _ cinema

4、 _ tomato _ tooth _ wife_ Englishman_ paper _ milk_ Frenchman _ postman _ family _ mouse _ people (人們) _ fish _ brush _ mango _ Japanese _ sandwich _ policeman_ watermelon_ Chinese_ strawberry _ match _ glass _ 二、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)基本用法介紹 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的功能：1.表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài)。如：The sky is blue.天空是藍(lán)色的。 2.表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。如：I

5、get up at six every day.我每天六點(diǎn)起床。 3.表示客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成：1. be動(dòng)詞：主語(yǔ)+be(am, is, are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一個(gè)男孩。注意：（我用am，你用are，三單is，復(fù)數(shù)are。） 2.行為動(dòng)詞：主語(yǔ)+行為動(dòng)詞(+其它)。如：We study English.我們學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。注意：（當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)(he, she,it)時(shí)，要在動(dòng)詞后加"-s"或"-es"。如：Mary likes Chinese

6、.瑪麗喜歡漢語(yǔ)。）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的變化：1. be動(dòng)詞的變化。 肯定句：主語(yǔ)+be+其它。 如：He is a worker. 他是工人。 否定句：主語(yǔ)+ be + not +其它。 He is not a worker.他不是工人。 一般疑問(wèn)句：Be +主語(yǔ)+其它。(be動(dòng)詞移到句首)如：I am a student.-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句。如：My bike is under the tree. Is your bike under the tree?Where is your bike

7、?2.行為動(dòng)詞的變化?？隙ň洌褐髡Z(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形(+其它)。否定句：主語(yǔ)+ don't( doesn't ) +動(dòng)詞原形(+其它)。如：I like bread. I don't like bread.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí)，要用doesn't構(gòu)成否定句。如：He ofter plays football. He doesn't often play football.一般疑問(wèn)句：Do( Does ) +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其它。（句首加助動(dòng)詞do, does）如：I often play football. - Do you often play footba

8、ll?- Yes, I do. / No, I don't.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí)，要用does構(gòu)成一般疑問(wèn)句。如：She goes to school by bike.- Does she go to school by bike?- Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句。如：She goes to school by bike. Does she go to school by bike?How does she go to school?動(dòng)詞+s的變化規(guī)則1一般情況下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, mi

9、lk-milks2以s. x. sh. ch. o結(jié)尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes3以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如：study-studies一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用法專(zhuān)練:一、 寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù) drink _ go _ stay _ make _look _ have_ pass_ carry _come_ watch_ plant_ fly _study_ brush_do_ teach_二、用am, is, are 填空1. I _ a boy. _ you a boy? No,

10、I _ not. 2. The girl_ Jack's sister. 3. The dog _ tall and fat. 4. The man with big eyes _ a teacher. 5. _ your brother in the classroom? 6. Where _ your mother? She _ at home. 7. How _ your father? 8. Mike and Liu Tao _ at school. 9. Whose dress _ this? 10. Whose socks _ they? 11. That _ my red

11、 skirt. 12. Who _ I? 13.The jeans _ on the desk. 14.Here _ a scarf for you. 15. Here _ some sweaters for you. 16. The black gloves _ for Su Yang. 17. This pair of gloves _ for Yang Ling. 18. The two cups of milk _ for me. 19. Some tea _ in the glass. 20. Gao Shan's shirt _ over there. 21. My sis

12、ter's name _Nancy. 22. This _ not Wang Fang's pencil. 23. _ David and Helen from England? 24. There _ a girl in the room. 25. There _ some apples on the tree. 26. _ there any kites in the classroom? 27. _ there any apple juice in the bottle? 28. There _ some bread on the plate. 29. There _ a

13、 boy, two girls, three men and ten women in the park. 30. You, he and I _ from China.三、用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. He often _(have) dinner at home.2. David and Tom _(be) in Class One.3. We _(not watch) TV on Monday.4. Mike _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.5. _ they _(like) the World Cup?6. What _they often _(do)

14、 on Saturdays?7. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day?8. The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays.9. She and I _(take) a walk together every evening.10. There _(be) some water in the bottle.11. Mike _(like) cooking.12. They _(have) the same hobby.13. My aunt _(look) after her baby carefully.14

15、. You always _(do) your homework well.15. I _(be) ill. I'm staying in bed.16. She _(go) to school from Monday to Friday.17. Liu Tao _(do) not like PE.18. The child often _(watch) TV in the evening.19. Su Hai and Su Yang _(have) eight lessons this term.20. What day _(be) it today? Its Saturday.四、

16、按照要求改寫(xiě)句子1. David watches TV every evening.(改為否定句)_2. I do my homework every day.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句，作否定回答)_3. She likes milk.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句，作肯定回答)_4. Helen likes playing computer games.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句，作否定回答)_5. We go to school every morning.(改為否定句)_6. He speaks English very well.(改為否定句)_7. I like taking photos in the park.

17、(對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn))_8. Jim comes from Canada.(對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn))_9. She is always a good student.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句，作否定回答)_10. Tom and David like going skating.(改為否定句)_五、改錯(cuò)(劃出錯(cuò)誤的地方，將正確的寫(xiě)在橫線上)1. Is your brother speak English? _2. Does he likes going fishing? _3. He likes play games after class. _4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. _5. S

18、he don't do her homework on Sundays. _六、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)翻譯練習(xí) 1.我們每天七點(diǎn)鐘上學(xué)。 We _ _ _ at seven oclock _ _.2.教室有一些學(xué)生。 There _ _ _ in the classroom.3蘇海英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得很好。 Su Hai _ _ very _.4.高小姐教英語(yǔ)。Miss Gao _ _.5.我父親起得很早。 My father _ _ early.6.我們非常喜歡英語(yǔ)。 We _ English _ _.7.他常常步行去上學(xué)。He usually _ _ _ _ _.8.他努力學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。 He _ _ har

19、d.9.她學(xué)英語(yǔ)嗎？ _ she _ _?10.他是做什么工作的？ _ is his _?11.他不在家里做作業(yè)。 He _ _ _ _ at home.12.我們星期天不去學(xué)。 We _ _ _ _ on Sundays.13.他經(jīng)常十點(diǎn)鐘睡覺(jué)。He often _ _ _ _ _ .14.有時(shí)我五點(diǎn)鐘起床。 Sometimes, I _ _ _ _.15.他們?cè)缟掀唿c(diǎn)鐘去上學(xué)。They _ _ _ at seven _ _ _.三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。（句中一般含有now, look, listen.）2現(xiàn)

20、在進(jìn)行時(shí)的肯定句基本結(jié)構(gòu)為be+動(dòng)詞ing.如：Tom is reading books in his study .3現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的否定句在be后加not。如：Tom is reading books in his study .Tom is not reading books in his study .4現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句把be動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首。 如：Tom is reading books in his study .Is Tom reading books in his study ？5現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的特殊疑問(wèn)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句? （注意：當(dāng)劃線部分包含謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，用疑問(wèn)詞代

21、替劃線部分放到句首，原劃線處應(yīng)加上doing） 如：Tom is reading books in his study . Tom is reading books in his study .Is Tom reading books in his study ? Is Tom reading books in his study ?What is Tom doing in his study? Where is Tom reading books?動(dòng)詞加ing的變化規(guī)則1一般情況下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking2以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, ta

22、ste-tasting3如果末尾是輔音字母加一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)：一、寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞：play_ run_ swim _make_go_ like_ write_ _ski_ read_ have_ sing _ dance_put_ see_ buy _ love_ live_ take_ come _ get_stop_ sit _ begin_ shop_二、用所給的動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空：1.The boy _ ( draw)a picture now.2. Liste

23、n .Some girls _ ( sing)in the classroom .3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice food now.4. What _ you _ ( do ) now?5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson .6.They _(not ,water) the flowers now.7.Look! the girls _(dance )in the classroom . 8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _(listen ) to music. 9. I

24、t's 5 o'clock now. We _(have)supper now10._Helen_(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .三、句型轉(zhuǎn)換：1. They are doing housework .(分別改成一般疑問(wèn)句和否定句)_2.The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑問(wèn)句并作肯定和否定回答)_3.Im playing the football in the playground .(對(duì)劃線部分進(jìn)行提問(wèn))_4Tom is reading books in his study . (對(duì)劃線部

25、分進(jìn)行提問(wèn))_四、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)翻譯練習(xí) 1.我正在讀英語(yǔ)。I _ _ English.2.他正在寫(xiě)字。He _ _.3.你正在唱歌嗎？是的，我在唱歌。不，我不在唱歌。_ you _? Yes, _ _ _. / No, _ _ _.4.他(她)在聽(tīng)音樂(lè)嗎？_ he/she _ _ _?5.你正在干什么？ 我正在做作業(yè)。_ are you _? Im _ _ _.6.看！杰克正在游泳。Look, Jack _ _.7.聽(tīng)！她正在唱歌。Listen, she _ _.8.現(xiàn)在我正在打掃房間。I _ _ my _ now.9.你父親在干什么？他正在看電視。What _ your father _? H

26、e _ _ _.10.他正在打一封電子郵件嗎？是的。_ he _ _ _? Yes, _ _.11.琳達(dá)經(jīng)常在晚上做作業(yè),但她今晚在看電視。Linda often _ her _ in the evening. But she _ _ _ this evening.12.今天天氣不錯(cuò)。瞧！他們正在草地上玩耍。It is _ today. Look, they _ _ on the _.13.我不能和你出去了.外面正下雨呢。I _ go out _ _. It _ _ outside.14.現(xiàn)在我們正在吃晚餐。We _ _ _ now.15.我的父母年歲越來(lái)越老了。My parents are

27、_ _ _.四、將來(lái)時(shí)理論及練習(xí)一、概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。句中一般有以下時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。 二、基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be going to + do；如：I am going to go swimming tomorrow.will+ do. 如：I will go swimming tomorrow.三、否定句：在be動(dòng)詞（am, is, are）后加not或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞will后加not成wont。如：I am going to

28、go swimming tomorrow. I am not going to go swimming tomorrow. I will go swimming tomorrow. I will not go swimming tomorrow.四、一般疑問(wèn)句： be動(dòng)詞或will提到句首，some改為any, and改為or，第一二人稱(chēng)互換。如：I am going to go swimming tomorrow. Are you going to go swimming tomorrow? I will go swimming tomorrow. Will you go swimming

29、tomorrow?五、對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)。(疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句?)一般情況，一般將來(lái)時(shí)的對(duì)劃線部分有三種情況。1、問(wèn)人。Who 例如：I am going to school. Tom will go to school. Are you going to school? Will Tom go to school?Whos going to school? Who will go to school?2、問(wèn)干什么。What do.例如： My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon. Is your father going

30、to watch a race with you this afternoon.？What is your father going to do with you this afternoon？My father will watch a race with me this afternoon. Will your father watch a race with you this afternoon.？What will your father do with you this afternoon？3、問(wèn)什么時(shí)候。When.例如：She is going to swim at nine. S

31、he will swim at nine. Is she going to swim at nine？ Will she swim at nine？When is she going to swim？ When will she swim?六、同義句：be going to = will (be going to 常指客觀情況，will 常指主觀情況)I am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天）. = I will go swimming tomorrow. 一、填空。1我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I_ _ _ have a picnic with my frien

32、ds.I _ have a picnic with my friends.2下個(gè)星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打籃球。What _ _ _ _ _ next Monday? I _ _ _ play basketball.What _ you do next Monday? I _ play basketball.3你媽媽這個(gè)周末去購(gòu)物嗎？是，她要去買(mǎi)一些水果。_ your mother _ _ go shopping this _?Yes, she _. She _ _ _ buy some fruit.4你們打算什么時(shí)候見(jiàn)面。What time _ you _ _ meet?二、改句子。1.

33、 Nancy is going to go camping.（改否定）Nancy _ going to go camping.2. Ill go and join them.（改否定）I _ go _ join them.3. I'm going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑問(wèn)句）_ _ _ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?4. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.（改一般疑問(wèn)句）_ _ meet at the bus stop at 10:30.5. She is going to li

34、sten to music after school.（對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)）_ _ she _ _ _ after school?6. My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(同上)_ _ going to see a play the day after tomorrow.三、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. Today is a sunny day. We _ (have) a picnic this afternoon.2. My brother _ (go) to Shanghai next we

35、ek.3. Tom often _(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He _ (go) to school by bike.4. What do you usually do at weekends? I usually _ (watch) TV and _(catch) insects? 5. It's Friday today. What _she _ (do) this weekend? She _ (watch) TV and (catch) insects.6. What _ (do) you do last Sunday?

36、 I _ (pick) apples on a farm. What _ (do) next Sunday? I _ (milk) cows.7. Mary _ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow.8. Liu Tao _ (fly) kites in the playground yesterday.9. David _ (give) a puppet show next Monday.10. I _ (plan) for my study now.五、一般過(guò)去時(shí)1一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。一般過(guò)去時(shí)也表示過(guò)

37、去經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。2Be動(dòng)詞在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中的變化：am 和is在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣as。（was not=wasn't）are在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣ere。（were not=weren't）帶有was或were的句子，其否定、疑問(wèn)的變化和is, am, are一樣，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑問(wèn)句把was或were調(diào)到句首。3句中沒(méi)有be動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句子 否定句：didn't +動(dòng)詞原形，如：Jim went home yesterday.Jim didn't go home yesterday. 一般疑問(wèn)句：在句首加did，句子中的

38、動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式變回原形。如：Jim went home yesterday.Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句？如：Jim went home yesterday. Did Jim go home yesterday?What did Jim do yesterday?動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式變化規(guī)則：1一般在動(dòng)詞末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked2結(jié)尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted3末尾是輔音字母加一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，應(yīng)雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped4以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)

39、尾的，變y為i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied5不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式：詞義現(xiàn)在（原形）過(guò)去是am, is (be)was是are (be)were成為becomebecame開(kāi)始beginbegan彎曲bendbent吹blowblew買(mǎi)buybought能cancould捕捉catchcaught選擇choosechose來(lái)comecame切cutcut做do, doesdid畫(huà)drawdrew飲drinkdrank吃eatate感覺(jué)feelfelt發(fā)現(xiàn)findfound飛flyflew忘記forgetforgot得到getgot給givegave走gowent成長(zhǎng)growgrew

40、有have, hashad聽(tīng)hearheard受傷hurthurt保持keepkept知道knowknew學(xué)習(xí)learnlearned, learnt允許，讓letlet躺lielay制造makemade可以maymight意味meanmeant會(huì)見(jiàn)meetmet必須mustmust放置putput讀readread騎、乘riderode響、鳴ringrang跑runran說(shuō)saysaid看見(jiàn)seesaw將shallshould唱歌singsang坐下sitsat睡覺(jué)sleepslept說(shuō)speakspoke度過(guò)spendspent掃sweepswept過(guò)去時(shí)練習(xí)寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式 isam_ fly_ plant_ are _dr