Week 10-11 chapter 7 International Cargo Transport-- s

1、 Modes of transport Clause of shipment Major shipping documents Ocean carriage Air transport Rail transport Road transport Inland waterway transport Parcel post 郵政包裹 Container transport 集裝箱運(yùn)輸 International multimodal transport Also called Ocean Shipping, or Marine transportation. Most widely used mo

2、de of transportation+ low cost+ large discharge capacity+ large freight volume+ long distances- Low speed - Vulnerable to weather- Less punctualLanguages International Marine Organization (IMO) 國(guó)際海事組織 Or so = about, around, more or less 大約 There is a motel a mile or so down the road (= about a mile

3、or possibly a little more). the Marine Information System 海洋信息系統(tǒng) the United States Maritime Administration (MARAD) 美國(guó)海事管理局 Conference line vessels 公會(huì)班輪船公會(huì)班輪船- run fixed schedules; - follow fixed routes; - charge standard rates (conference rates)- provide international service for the carriage of car

4、go Non-conference line vessels 非公會(huì)班輪船非公會(huì)班輪船- still liner services- not belong to the conference - independent freight rate, sailing schedule and ports of call (?？扛弁？扛?- Flexible, but have problem of insufficient cargo supply Liners operate on a scheduled service between a group of ports. Liners sail

5、 on scheduled dates and times irrespective of whether they are full or not. Shipment so made on liners is relatively small but frequent. The respective liabilities of the consignors and the carriers are listed in the bill of lading issued by the liner companies. Liner companies usually publish their

6、 sailing schedule in newspapers or distribute it among the consignors.Tramp Ships 租船運(yùn)輸租船運(yùn)輸/不定期貨船不定期貨船 no firm schedule no regular routes or time no fixed rate sail off to where the goods are available -like a marine taxi General cargo vessels 雜貨船 Oil tankers 油輪/油船 Container vessels 集裝箱船（貨柜輪） Oil/Bul

7、k/ore (OBO) vessels 石油、散貨、礦石船 Ro/Ro vessels 滾裝船 (Roll-on/ Roll-off) LASH (Lighter Aboard Ship) 普通截駁貨船 Refrigerated ship 冷藏船 Timber Ship 木材船Charter Ships 租船租船 Modes: Voyage Charter 定程租船Dead freight 空艙費(fèi)Lay days (Lay time) 裝卸時(shí)間Demurrage charge 滯期費(fèi)Dispatch money 速遣費(fèi) Time Charter 定期租船 Bare Boat Charter (

8、BBC) 光船租船 For items marked with “W” 按貨物毛重計(jì) Weight ton (W/T) 重量噸 For items marked with “M” 按貨物體積計(jì) Measurement ton (M/T) 尺碼噸 For items marked with “Ad Val” 按貨物的價(jià)格計(jì) Ad Val (A.V.) 又稱從價(jià)運(yùn)費(fèi) For items marked with “W/M” 按貨物毛重或體積計(jì) Subject to higher rate 從高計(jì)收 For items marked with “W/M or Ad Val.” 按貨物毛重或體積計(jì)或價(jià)格

9、計(jì)價(jià) The highest rate is applicable 從高計(jì)收 For items marked with “W/M plus Ad Val.” 按貨物毛重或體積計(jì)從高計(jì)收之后，再加一定百分比的從價(jià)運(yùn)費(fèi) Surcharges 1Extra Charges on Heavy Lifts ( Heavy Lift Additional ) 超重附加費(fèi)Extra Charges on Over Lengths ( Long Length Additional ) 超長(zhǎng)附加費(fèi)Additional on Optional Discharging Port 選港附加費(fèi)Transshipmen

10、t Additional 轉(zhuǎn)船附加費(fèi)Direct Additional 直航附加費(fèi) Port Additional ( Port Surcharge )港口附加費(fèi)Surcharges 2Bunker Surcharge 燃油附加費(fèi)Devaluation Surcharge 貨幣貶值附加費(fèi)Port Congestion Surcharge 港口擁擠附加費(fèi)Alternation of Destination Charge 變更卸貨港口附加費(fèi)Deviation Surcharge 繞航附加費(fèi) Young form of transportation Plus and minus: + high sp

11、eed + good quality + low risk + competitive insurance premium - high operating cost - high initial cost - low capacity Scheduled airlines 班機(jī)運(yùn)輸 - fixed schedule; fixed airlines; fixed airports Chartered carriers 包機(jī)運(yùn)輸 - a plane chartered by one or more shippers Consolidated consignments (集中托運(yùn)) - a num

12、ber of individual shipments into one consignment on one general air waybill - lower freight Air express service 航空貨物快運(yùn) - quickest delivery service - desk-to-desk service - suitable for urgently needed articles and important documents M/W (subject to the higher rate) Four types of airline rates: - Ge

13、neral Cargo Rate (G.C.R.一般貨物運(yùn)價(jià) ) - Special Cargo Rate (S.C.R.特種貨物運(yùn)價(jià) ) - Class Rate (C.R.等級(jí)運(yùn)價(jià) ) - Unitized Consignments Rate (U.C.R集裝箱貨物運(yùn)價(jià) ) Characteristics of airline rates: - one-way freight from one airport to another - delivery charges, customs charges and storage charges excluded - publicized in

14、 local currency - measurement unit is kilo or pound - fluctuate in line with market conditions Plus and minus + large capacity (second to ocean transport) + relatively high speed + economical+ less prone to interruptions by poor weather + relatively punctual- confined to railroad- less flexible Inte

15、rnational Railway Through Transport Domestic Rail Transport consignment note 托運(yùn)單據(jù)+ versatile+ flexible in operation+ high distributive ability- Low capacity- High operating cost- High risk of pilferage and damage- complication- A major form esp. in underdeveloped countries - Relatively slow Advantag

16、es of containerization: - increase the efficiency of handling - save operating costs - improve the transportation quality - simplify delivery formalities - promote multi-modal transportation FCL full container load 整箱貨 LCL less than container load 拼箱貨 CFS container freight station 集裝箱貨運(yùn)站 Four types

17、of container transport: FCLFCL 整箱交整箱接（整裝整拆） FCLLCL 整箱交拆箱接（整裝拼拆） LCLFCL 拼箱交整箱接（拼裝整拆） LCLLCL 拼箱交拆箱接（拼裝拼拆） Based on container capacity/origin and destination of the merchandise Inland transportation cost is included Based on the type of commodity For LCL, each commodity is charged separately for the fr

18、eight At least two modes of transport One contract, one transport document, one operator, one freight rate Use of containers - simplicity + high efficiency+ good quality+ low cost and time saving+ economy and simplicity of documentation Time of shipment Port of shipment and port of destination Shipp

19、ing advice Partial shipment and transshipment Lay time, demurrage and dispatch 1) A definite time is given for shipment. e.g.: Shipment on or before May 30th Shipment at or before the end of June Shipment during March Shipment during January/February/March 2) When the payment is made by L/C, the tim

20、e of shipment is usually made in connection with the time of receipt of L/C. e.g. The L/C must reach the seller not later than July 15th, and shipment be made within 30 days after receipt of L/C. immediate shipment, prompt shipment, shipment as soon as possible no universal explanation should not be

21、 used in contractsAttentions Generally, one specific port are stipulated BUT, sometimes two or more are stated E.g. Port of shipment: Xingang/Shanghai Optional 裝運(yùn)港：新港/上海，任選 Port of destination: London/Hamburg/Rotterdam Optional 目的港：倫敦/漢堡/鹿特丹，任選 Avoid vague destination Make it clear Provide some flex

22、ibility Take into account (port regulations, facilities, charges and possible sanctions) Be alert to different ports with same nameBoston 波士頓 美國(guó)Liverpool 利物浦 英國(guó) Newcastle 紐卡索 英國(guó)San Francisco 舊金山 美國(guó)Sydney 悉尼 澳大利亞Vancouver 溫哥華 加拿大Victoria 維多利亞 喀麥隆Hamilton 哈密爾頓 百慕大群島 Kingston 金斯敦 牙買(mǎi)加英國(guó)有同名港口加拿大有同名港口 美、加

23、拿大、 澳大利亞有同名港口 巴西有同名港口 加拿大有同名港口 美國(guó)有同名港口 加拿大、巴西、幾內(nèi)亞、智利、馬爾他 西非塞舌爾群島均有同名港口 加拿大有同名港口 加拿大、 澳大利亞有同名港口 Different Ports with Same Names Prompt notice from the seller to the buyer of the port of shipment, the date of sailing, the name of the carrying vessel and ETA essential under CFR Notice from the seller t

24、o the buyer of cargo readiness 30 days or 45days before the time of shipment essential under FOB Partial shipment clause: Partial shipment is (not) allowed. Specify the time and quantity of each shipment: Shipment during March to June in four equal monthly lots. 36月，分四批每月平均裝運(yùn) Transshipment clause: T

25、ransshipment is (not) allowed. Indicate who pays the cost of transshipment Ways of calculating lay time: - days or running days 日、連續(xù)日 - weather working days of 24 hours 累計(jì)24小時(shí)好天氣工作日 - weather working days of 24 consecutive hours 連續(xù)24小時(shí)好天氣工作日Demurrage : compensation paid for detention of a ship, frei

26、ght car, or other cargo conveyance during loading or unloading beyond the scheduled time of departure.Dispatch: reward paid by a vessels operator to a charterer if loading or unloading is completed in less time than stipulated in the charter party. Issued by the carrier, transport documents testify

27、that the goods have been shipped for the transport and delivery. Under symbolic delivery, this is required by the seller for the settlement of payment. Consignment note 托運(yùn)單托運(yùn)單 Air waybill 空運(yùn)單 Parcel receipt 包裹單包裹單 Bill of lading 海運(yùn)提單海運(yùn)提單 Combined transport documents (CTD) 多式聯(lián)運(yùn)單多式聯(lián)運(yùn)單 The bill of ladi

28、ng is an important marine transport shipping document that, together with the insurance policy 保險(xiǎn)單and commercial invoices商業(yè)發(fā)票商業(yè)發(fā)票, constitutes the chief shipping documents indispensable to foreign trade. B/L has three significations. First, it is a receipt of the goods . Second, it is a contract. Th

29、ird, it is a document of title (所有權(quán)憑證所有權(quán)憑證). Languages: It is a document of title to the goods, enabling the shipper or owner of the goods to endorse title to other parties, sell goods in transit, and present to banks with other documents in seeking payment under documentary credits. 這是貨物所有權(quán)憑證，使貨主能將

30、貨物所有權(quán)背書(shū)給他人，轉(zhuǎn)售貨物，并連同其他文件一起提交銀行，以求在跟單信用證下付款。Varieties of B/L Shipped (on board) B/L and received for shipment B/L 已裝船提單和備用提單 Clean B/L and unclean B/L 清潔/不清潔提單 Straight, blank and order B/L 記名提單/不記名提單/指示提單 Direct, transshipment, through bill of lading 直達(dá)運(yùn)輸提單/轉(zhuǎn)船提單/聯(lián)運(yùn)提單 Liner B/L, container B/L and comb

31、ined transport B/L 班輪提單/集裝箱提單/多式聯(lián)運(yùn)提單 Long form B/L and short form B/L 全式提單/略式提單 On deck B/L, stale B/L, ante-dated B/L and advanced B/L 艙面提單/過(guò)期提單/倒簽提單/預(yù)借提單 Shippers Load and Count 托運(yùn)人/發(fā)貨人裝載或計(jì)數(shù) Transshipment B/L 轉(zhuǎn)船提單 須注明“在。港轉(zhuǎn)船”或“須經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)船”的字樣。Order B/L 指示提單指示提單 指示 “order” 憑發(fā)貨人指示 “order of shipper” 憑*銀行指示

32、“order of * bank” This kind of B/L can be transferred to others by endorsement背書(shū)背書(shū). blank endorsement空白背書(shū)空白背書(shū) special endorsement記名背書(shū)記名背書(shū). Blank endorsement has only the name of the endorser on the back of the B/L Special endorsement has the names of both the endorser and the endorsed. Though usuall

33、y the B/L used in business practice is order B/L with blank endorsement.Through B/L 聯(lián)運(yùn)提單聯(lián)運(yùn)提單 是指海運(yùn)和其他運(yùn)輸方式聯(lián)合運(yùn)輸?shù)臅r(shí)候，第一程海運(yùn)承運(yùn)人簽發(fā)的包括全程的提單。 It has more than one carriers. It combined transport of marine and some other mode of transport 這種提單用于海陸聯(lián)運(yùn)、海河聯(lián)運(yùn)或?？章?lián)運(yùn)。 簽發(fā)聯(lián)運(yùn)提單的承運(yùn)人一般都在提單中規(guī)定只承擔(dān)負(fù)責(zé)運(yùn)輸?shù)囊欢魏匠虄?nèi)的貨損責(zé)任。Combined Tra

34、nsport B/L 多式聯(lián)運(yùn)提單多式聯(lián)運(yùn)提單 for Multi-modal transport document (MTD). Combined transport, or multi-modal transport, involves at least two modes of transport in the carriage of a consignment. This is different from through bill of lading, which is only used in the combined transport of marine and some other mode of transport. Different from through bill of lading, this is operated by only one carrier. 多式聯(lián)運(yùn)提單既可以用于海運(yùn)與其他運(yùn)輸方式的聯(lián)運(yùn)，也可用于不包括海運(yùn)的其他運(yùn)輸方式的聯(lián)運(yùn)。 多式聯(lián)運(yùn)提單只有一個(gè)承運(yùn)人。Others Groupage B/L 成組提單/并裝提單 House B/L 運(yùn)輸代理行提單（貨代提單） Clean on