定語從句之關(guān)系代詞用法及專項(xiàng)練習(xí)

1、定語從句 一(關(guān)系代詞的用法)一. 定語從句概念1. 定語從句：修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語從句，一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞后面。2. 先行詞：被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞。3. 關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞成為關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系_ : 有_, _ , _, _, _, _等；關(guān)系_ : 有_, _, _等。關(guān)系詞常有3個(gè)作用： 引導(dǎo)定語從句。 代替先行詞。 在定語從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。注意：根據(jù)先行詞與定語從句之間有無逗號(hào)隔開，定語從句分為限制性和非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句形式不用逗號(hào)和主句隔開用逗號(hào)和主句隔開意義是先行詞不可缺少的定語，不能刪除是對(duì)先行詞的補(bǔ)充說明刪

2、除后意思仍完整譯法翻譯成先行詞的定語，“的”通常翻譯成主句的并列句限制性定語從句舉例：(1) The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on.(2) China is a country which has a long history.非限制性定語從句舉例：(1) His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.(2) China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and mor

3、e powerful.要注意區(qū)分以下幾個(gè)句子的不同(1) His brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college.他那當(dāng)醫(yī)生的哥哥常鼓勵(lì)他要考上大學(xué)。（他還有其他的哥哥）(2) His brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college.他的哥哥是當(dāng)醫(yī)生的，常鼓勵(lì)他要考上大學(xué)。（他只有一個(gè)哥哥）二.引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞1. who指_，在從句中充當(dāng)_(1) The boys who are playing football

4、 are from Class One.(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.(3) In the meeting I saw Mr. Smith who I met in my birthday party.2. whom指_，在定語從句中充當(dāng)_，?？墒÷浴?1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.注意：關(guān)系代詞whom在口語和非正式語體中常用who代替，

5、可省略。(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3. which 指_，在定語從句中做_或者_(dá)，做_時(shí)可省略(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.4. that指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于_或者_(dá)；指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于_。在定語從句中做_或者_(dá)，做_時(shí)可省略。(5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each yea

6、r rises one million.(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做_(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物時(shí)，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來代替(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.= The classroom, the door o

7、f which is broken will soon be repaired. = The classroom, of which the door is broken will soon be repaired.【詳細(xì)講解】. 關(guān)系代詞that和which的用法(一) 限制性定語從句只能用that的幾種情況:1當(dāng)先行詞是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等不定代詞時(shí)，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修飾時(shí)(1)

8、Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said?(2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.(3) All that can be done has been done.(4) There is little that I can do for you.2. 當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾(1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.3. 當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)

9、(1) This is the best film that I have seen.4. 當(dāng)形容詞被the very, the only, just修飾時(shí)(1) This is the very dictionary that I want to buy,(2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.5. 當(dāng)先行詞前面有who, which等疑問代詞時(shí)(1) Who is the man that is standing there?(2) Which is the T-shirt t

10、hat fits me most?6. 當(dāng)先行詞既有人，也有動(dòng)物或者物體時(shí)(1) Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned? (二) 當(dāng)先行詞指事/物時(shí), 定語從句中關(guān)系代詞必須用which的情況:1. 在非限制性定語從句中，只用which(1) Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, which made the others envy him.(2) He always stays at home at weeken

11、d, which his brother thinks is unbelievable.2. 當(dāng)動(dòng)詞短語中的介詞提前時(shí)，只用which(1) This is a house in which Lu Xun once lived.注意：在一些固定搭配的動(dòng)詞短語中，由于動(dòng)詞和介詞不可分割，因此不能把介詞置于關(guān)系代詞之前。(2) This is the pen which (/that) Im looking for. (三) 關(guān)系代詞who, whom和whose的用法1. 先行詞指人，在從句中作主語時(shí)，用who；(1) She is the girl who/that lives next do

12、or.2. 當(dāng)先行詞為those時(shí)，用who；(2) Those who will join in my birthday party are my best friends.3. 在There be句型中主語作為先行詞指人時(shí)，用who；(3) There is a great man who saved his country with his partners.4. 先行詞指人，在從句中作賓語時(shí)，可以用whom和who；(4) Thats the girl whom/who/that I teach.5. 在定語從句中做定語時(shí)，用whose。(5) This is the scientis

13、t whose achievements are well known.(6) This is the house whose window broke last night. 關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)的定語從句 關(guān)系代詞as既可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，as在從句中做主語、賓語或表語。(一) 引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句常用于下列句式：1. such + 名詞 + as 像一樣的，像之類的 the same + 名詞 + as 和同樣的 其中關(guān)系代詞as在從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語或表語。(1) We have found such materials as are used in thei

14、r factory.(2) These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.(3) He is not the same man as he was ten years ago. 注意：suchas引導(dǎo)的定語從句與suchthat引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的區(qū)別：(1) He is such a clever boy as everyone likes.(2) He is such a clever boy that everyone likes him.2. such as such為代詞，意為“這樣的人或物”；as在從句中作成分

15、，修飾先行詞such。(1) This book is not such as I expect.（二）關(guān)系代詞as和which引導(dǎo)的定語從句的區(qū)別as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，有相同之處也有不同之處。具體情況是：1as和which都可以在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，代表前面整個(gè)句子。(1) He married her, as/which was natural.(2) He was honest, as/which we can see.2. as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一個(gè)主句；as有“正如，正像”的意思which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能放

16、在主句之后。意為“這一點(diǎn)”。(1) As is known to all, China is a developing country.(2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.(3) John, as you know, is a famous writer.(4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I dont believe.注意：當(dāng)主句和從句存在邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時(shí)，常用which；(5) Tom was always late for school

17、, which made his teacher angry. 當(dāng)非限制性定語從句的賓語是一個(gè)復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，只能用which。(6) Betty always tells a lie, which her parents find strange.3. 當(dāng)先行詞受such, the same修飾時(shí)，常用as(1) I have never heard such a story as he tells.(2) He is not such a fool as he looks.(3) This is the same book as I lost last week.注意：當(dāng)先行次由the sam

18、e修飾時(shí)，偶爾也用that引導(dǎo)定語從句，但是和由as所引導(dǎo)的定語從句意思不同(4) She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding.她穿著她在MARY婚禮上穿過的一條裙子。(5) She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿著和她妹妹所穿的一樣的裙子。專項(xiàng)練習(xí) 1用that, which, who, whom, whose, as填空1. Is there anything _ you dont understand about the problem?2. All the

19、 presents _ your friends gave you on your birthday should be put away.3. The number of people _ lost homes reached as many as 250,000.4. He was late for the opening ceremony, _ was very surprising to me.5. Those _ cut down the trees should be punished.6. This is so interesting a book _ we all like.7

20、. He gave me some novels with _ I am not very familiar.8. There are many children _ are playing toys on the playground.9. He is no longer the one _ he used to be.10. The river _ banks are covered with trees flows to the sea.11. Jack has won the first prize, _ often happens.12. The worst matter _ Im

21、afraid of happened in the end.13. He failed to make his plan on time, which was strange for his boss.14. This is the very book _ I have been looking for.15. This teacher, with _ son I work, is liked by all the students.仿寫練習(xí) 組句：將下面句子連成一句話。1. A plane is a machine. The machine can fly._2. The girl is M

22、ary. We saw her yesterday._3. She was talking with a lady. Her son was ill._4. The clothes have been cleaned. Im wearing them._5. He is sitting in a chair. It is broken._強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練 把下列中文用定語從句翻譯成英文。1. 他在中國(guó)參觀的第一個(gè)博物館是歷史博物館。_2. 你有任何關(guān)于這個(gè)主題的信息都發(fā)給我吧。_3. 不到長(zhǎng)城非好漢。_4. 那條兩邊都是樹的河一直流向海洋。_5. 媽媽給我買了臺(tái)電腦作為生日禮物,這正是我所渴望的。_6

23、. 掌握一門外語很有用, 這是大家公認(rèn)的。_定語從句 二(介詞+關(guān)系代詞的用法)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中做介詞賓語時(shí)，從句常由介詞關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)(1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.(2) The school in which he once studied is very famous.(3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.(4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for

24、 which you asked.(5) Well go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about.(6) Well go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.注意：1. 含有介詞的動(dòng)詞短語一般不拆開使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等(1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T)(2) This is the wa

25、tch for which I am looking. (F)2. 若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)用whom，不可用who或者that；指物時(shí)用which，不能用that；關(guān)系代詞是所有格時(shí)用whose.(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)(2) The man who/that you talked with is my friend. (F)(3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T)(4) The plane in that we f

26、lew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)(5) Tom, on whose bike I went to school is a friend of mine. (T)3. “介詞關(guān)系代詞”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代詞或者數(shù)詞(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of

27、which have gone bad.(3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.4. “復(fù)合介詞短語 + 關(guān)系代詞which” 引導(dǎo)的定語從句，這種結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的定語從句常與先行詞用逗號(hào)隔開,定語從句常用倒裝語序。 He lived in a big house, in front of which stood a big tall tree.總結(jié)：判斷介詞的方法有以下三種：(1) 看從句謂語部分缺少什么介詞(習(xí)慣搭配)(2) 先行詞放在從句中需不需要添介詞(3) 通過整個(gè)

28、句子整體含義來判斷專項(xiàng)練習(xí) 2用”介詞+關(guān)系代詞”填空1. They held a meeting, _ the hospital director made a speech.2. The book, _ he paid 6 yuan, is worth reading.3. Is this the man _ house the police found the lost coloured TV?4. Wu Dong, _ I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much.5. The stories about Long March, _ this

29、is one example, are well written.單項(xiàng)選擇6. Do you know who lives in the building _ there is a well? A. in front of it B. in front of whose C. in front of which D. in front which7. The woman _ my brother spoke just now is my teacher. A. who B. to whom C. to who D. whom8. His glasses, _ he was like a bli

30、nd man, fell to the ground and broke. A. which B. with which C. without which D. that9. I have bought two ballpens, _ writes well. A. none of which B. neither of which C. none of them D. neither of them10. The Second World War _ millions of people were killed was in 1945. A. during which B. in that

31、C. where D. on which11. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _ was very reasonable. A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose12. The dictionary, _ I paid 80 dollars, was stolen. A. which B. that C. for which D. to which13. Grandma Liang has two sons, _ are soldier

32、s. A. two of whom B. whom C. both of whom D. one of them14. He arrived half an hour late, _ made use unhappy. A. that B. as C. what D. which15. Jane, _ sisters are famous models in the world, will attend the important ceremony. A. with who B. with which C. with whom D. with whose仿寫練習(xí) 用介詞+關(guān)系代詞的形式把下列句

33、子翻譯成英文。1. Jim是我的外教，從他身上我學(xué)到了很多有用的東西。_2. 我喜歡窗子朝南的房子。_3. 他給了我?guī)妆疚也惶煜さ母枨?。_4. 中國(guó)有許多大河流，其中長(zhǎng)江和黃河是最重要的河流。_5. 他有兩個(gè)兄弟，沒有一個(gè)是教師。_綜合強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練1. It is by no means clear _ the president can do to end the strike. A. who B. which C. that D. as2. I wish to thank Professor Smith, without _ help I would never have got this

34、far. A. who B. whose C. whom D. that3. Maria has written two novels, both of _ have been made into television series. A. them B. that C. which D. as4. The air quality in the city, _ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months. A. that B. it C. as D. what5. Mrs. Lee will move into t

35、he new house next Monday, _ it will be completely finished. A. by which time B. by that time C. by this time D. by the time6. He is such a lovely student _ everyone loves. A. as B. who C. that D. whom7. The student that teacher thinks best played truant(逃學(xué)) yesterday, _ made the teacher very disappo

36、inted. A. as B. that C. which D. who8. Have you seen the book _ is yellow? A. the cover of it B. which cover C. the cover of which D. whichs cover9. _ is known to us all that China has the largest population in the world. A. As B. Which C. That D. It10. Ellen was painter of birds and of nature, _, f

37、or some reason, had withdrawn from all human society. A. which B. who C. that D. whom11. Care of the soul is a gradual process _ even the small details of life should be considered. A. that B. in that C. which D. in which12. A lot of language learning, _ has been discovered, is happening in the firs

38、t year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period. A. as B. it C. which D. this13. When deeply absorbed in work, _ he often was, he would forget all about eating or sleeping. A. that B. which C. who D. what14. In our class there are 46 students, _ half were glasses. A. in whom B. in them C. of whom D. of them15. Have you sent thank-you notes to the relatives from _ you received gifts? A. which B. them C. that D. whom16. The prize will go to the writer _ story