英語參考文獻DOC

1、 JILIN AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY研究生農業(yè)科技英文文獻寫作報告 題目名稱：（中文）我國收入分配差距的影響及改革對策研究 （英文）The influence of the income distribution gap in our country and the reform countermeasures 學生姓名： 孫丹 學 號： 20130611 院系專業(yè)： 馬克思主義學院 馬克思主義基本原理專業(yè) 碩士導師： 職 稱： 教授 教學班級：14班 研究方向：馬克思主義基本理論與教學研究 2014年6月5Contents第一部分/ PART I（見封面）The in

2、fluence of the income distribution gap in our country and the reform countermeasures .1第二部分/ PART II（摘要）Abstractand key words.2第三部分/ PART III（正文）I the present situation of urban and rural residents income gap of our country and impact 31.1 the present situation of urban and rural residents income ga

3、p of our country31.2 the influence of urban and rural residents widening income gap.31.2.1 affect national economy sustainable and healthy development.31.2.2 affect social stability31.2.3 affect the rural human capital investment3II The cause of the urban and rural residents income gap4Improve the c

4、ountermeasures of urban and rural residents income gap.4IV Conclusion.4第四部分/ PART IV（參考文獻）References5第五部分/ PART V（鳴謝/附錄）Acknowledgements.6Appendix.6第二部分/ PART II （摘要）The influence of the income distribution gap in our country and the reform countermeasures Name: Sun DanMajor: Ideological and Politic

5、al EducationTutor: wang YuanAbstract：With the deepening of the economic system reform in our country at this stage and income distribution gap bing widened gradually，the problem of it has become increasingly prominent.If the problem of income distribution cannt be solved correctely, it will not only

6、 affect the residents income level and the quality of life, but also the economic development of the whole country.It is more likely to affect the whole countrys economy development trend.The present income gap between urban and rural areas being as the research object，guided by the marxist distribu

7、tion theory, income distribution gap of our country present stage is done more comprehensive and in-depth research. It is pointed out speeding up the reform of the income distribution system, reasonably adjust income distribution gap, and improving relevant policies and measures to regulate the inco

8、me gap to a reasonable scope, can promote the healthy and rapid economic and social development in our country. Keywords: distribution of income gap fairness and justice countermeasure 第三部分/ PART III（正文）I the present situation and impact of the income gap of urban and rural residents in our country1

9、.1 The present situation of urban and rural residents income gap of our countryAlong with the rapid development of China's economy, people have shared the fruits of reform and development in our country; the income of urban and rural residents have rised, people's living standards have been

10、improved significantly. But the income gap between urban and rural residents is expanding. Especially since the late 1990 s, urban residents' income has maintained a rapid growth momentum, but the farmers' income has grown slowly. During 1997 2002, period,urban residents income increased by6

11、.64%,5.13%, 7.91%, 7.28%, 9.23%and 12.99%,respectively and urban residents' disposable income kept the average annual growth of 8.61%. And during the six years, our rural income growth was 8.51%, 3.44%, 2.23%, 1.95%, 5.01%,and 4.61%,and the average annual ruralnet incomr rerowth was 3.85%,which

12、was less than half of the urban residents income growth. Obviously, since more than 20 years of reform and opening-up, had greatly improve farmers' living standard has greatly been improved, but without doubt farmers has got relatively less benefit from it is a relatively less benefit group.1.2

13、The influence of urban and rural residents widening income gap Affecting sustainable and healthy development of the national econmyAt present, the domestic effective demand shortage has become the bottleneck of restricting the further development of economy in our country, and the expansion of urban

14、 and rural residents income gap is one of the main reasons of the lack of domestic demand. Affecting social stability Reform and development needs a stable social environment. Social stability is the fundamental guarantee for the sustainable and healthy development of national economy, and a prerequ

15、isite smooth whether for reform . Urban and rural residents income distribution is reasonable, is an important factor of affect ing the social stability. China's gini coefficient has reached internationally recognized 0.4 cordon, and china become of the countries whose income gap is large in the

16、 world.1.2.3 Affecting the human capital investment has in the conrtrysideIn the modern economy, human capital has become one of the important factors of production. The income level of human capital stock and workers present obvious positive correlation; the more human capital stock, the higher the

17、 income level of workers. Therefore, valuing human capital investment is an important way to narrow the income gap.II The cause of the urban and rural residents income gapThe development of agriculture in our country has many problems, such as its weakness, the limitations of smallholder consciousne

18、ss, the week concept of the market in the country, congenital deficiency, deformity development mode, which has severely hindered the rapid development of our agriculture and, it is difficult to realize the long-term development of the agriculture.Since the reform and opening, the national income di

19、stribution pattern has been further improved, but the city-rural dualistic system has not been fundamertally changed seriously restricted the agricultural development, and which is not good for the long-term development which has of the agriculture seen from the developmenthistory of urban and rural

20、 economy plays a very important role and institutional factor in the process of urban and rural development has expanded the income gap between urban and rural areas, which has been the main reason for the disparity of income gap between urban and rural areas at present stage.The appropriate rural f

21、avorable policy is fundamental to realize the coordinated development of urban and rural areas. The countermeasures to bridge the income gap between urban and rural residentsTo improve the income distribution situation in our country,and make it develop in the direction more fair ,ness the income pr

22、oportion of primary distribution in societymust be increased based on the increase of the total social wealth.First of all, starting with breaking the dual economic structure, emphasiae improving the urban and rural duality structure and promoting the construction of urban and rural integration.Seco

23、nd, speed up the transformation of economic growth mode, promote the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure, reduce the proportion of the third industry, make more favorable policy for new and high technology industries and environmental protection industry and, realize the sustainable d

24、evelopment of economy.And than, accelerate the restructuring of the state-owned enterprise, and reduce the loss of state-owned assets, encourage the development of private capital, increase the support for small and medium-sized enterprises, create a good policy environment, and make socialist econo

25、my develop more under the rules of fair competition.Finally, we should deepen the reform of the tax system, adjust thedistribution pattern of the national income among government, enterprises and residents .Optimize the tax system, reduce the turnover tax and other indirect taxes, raise the proporti

26、on of income tax and other direct tax, and change the situation that our countrys primary distribution of income proportion is too large; attach great importance to the development of progressive taxes, and improve the efficiency of tax to adjust income distribution. Finally, realize the change of g

27、overnment functions, and focus on developing the public finances. It would be hard to To reduce government revenue share and ensure the full performance of the existing government function at the same time . Especially with the development of society and economy, our government s function scope is b

28、ecoming larger and it often both the referee and the athelete in the economic field, which interferes with the normal market operation, prodiuces huge crowding out effect on development of private economy. Reducing the proportion of government revenues provides to transforme government s function .

29、We should contract governments functions in the econmy field, cut unnecessary institutions and personnel,Pay more attention to the service of the public domain and make more financial capital used to improve road traffic and other infrastructure conditions in the poor areas,The government invests mo

30、re in social security and education, and plays a bigger role in social justice.IV Conclusion：Income distribution is a very important part in the production of human society.It can not only adjustthe fundamental, basic relations in human society, but also can improve labor productivity. Reasonably ad

31、justing income distribution gap, therefore,a precondition is for promoting the healthy development of China's economic society condition, and is also an important reflect of social fairness and justice.第四部分/ PART IV（參考文獻）考文獻1劉杜建、徐艷，城鄉(xiāng)居民收入分配差距形成原因及對策研究，財經研究【J】,2013年第五期.2章奇，收入分配和收入流動性研究，【J】,經濟研究 2

32、007年12期.3尹恒，當代收入分配理論的新發(fā)展，【J】,財經研究2002年8期.第五部分/ PART V（鳴謝/附錄）鳴 謝 由于自身英語書寫能力的欠缺，在翻譯過程中存在一些問題，懇請張老師給予指導。最后感謝謝張玉東老師一學期以來的精彩講解，感謝汪沅老師長期的精心指導。第二部分/ PART II （摘要）我國收入分配差距的影響及改革對策研究摘要：現(xiàn)階段隨著我國經濟體制改革的深入，收入分配差距不斷拉大，收入分配問題日趨突出。如果解決不好收入分配問題，不僅會影響到居民的收入水平和生活質量，更有可能影響到整個國家的經濟發(fā)展走向。本文以現(xiàn)階段的城鄉(xiāng)收入差距為研究對象,以馬克思主義分配理論為指導,對我

33、國現(xiàn)階段的收入分配差距問題做了較為全面、深入的研究。指出只有加快收入分配制度改革，合理調節(jié)收入分配差距，完善相關的政策、措施，將收入差距調控到合理范圍內，才能促進我國經濟社會健康快速的發(fā)展。 關鍵詞：收入分配 差距 公平正義 對策第三部分/ PART III（正文）一、 我國城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距現(xiàn)狀和影響（一）我國城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距現(xiàn)狀伴隨著中國經濟的快速發(fā)展，我國人民普遍分享到了改革發(fā)展的成果，城鄉(xiāng)居民收入有了大幅度提高，人民生活水平也有了明顯改善。但是城鎮(zhèn)居民和農村居民之間的收入差距卻不斷擴大。特別是上世紀90年代后期以來，城市居民收入繼續(xù)保持高速增長勢頭，但農民收入增幅卻陷入緩慢增長階段。19

34、972002年期間，城鎮(zhèn)居民收入分別增長6.64%，5.13%，7.91%，7.28%，9.23%，12.99%，城鎮(zhèn)居民可支配收入保持了年均8.61%的增長速度。而在這六年期間，我國農民人均收入增長分別為8.51%，3.44%，2.23%，1.95%，5.01%，4.61%，農民人均純收入年均增速為3.85%，不到城鎮(zhèn)居民收入增長速度的一半。顯然，改革開放二十多年來，農民生活水平雖然有了很大程度提高，但無疑卻是一個相對獲益較少的群體。（二）城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距擴大的影響 1、影響國民經濟持續(xù)健康發(fā)展 目前，國內有效需求不足已成為制約我國經濟進一步發(fā)展的瓶頸，而城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距的擴大正是內需不足的主要原因之一。2、影響社會穩(wěn)定 改革、發(fā)展需要一個穩(wěn)定的社會環(huán)境，社會穩(wěn)定是國民經濟得以持續(xù)健康發(fā)展的根本保證，是改革順利進行的必備條件。城鄉(xiāng)居民收入分配是否合理，是影響社會穩(wěn)定的重要因素。我國基尼系數(shù)已經突破國際公認的0.4的警戒線，成為世界上收入差距最大的國家之一。3、影響農村人力資本投資 在現(xiàn)代經濟體系中，人力資本成為一種重要的生產要素。人力資本存量與勞動者的收入水平呈現(xiàn)明顯的正相關關系，人力資本存量越多，勞動者的收入水平越高。因此，重視人力資本投資是縮小收入差距的重要手段