英語中的種種省略現(xiàn)象

1、英語中的種種省略(ellipsis)現(xiàn)象一、主從復(fù)合句中的省略并列復(fù)合句中的省略： 兩個并列句中，后一個分句常省略與前一分句中相同的部分。My father is a doctor and my mother (is) a nurse.I study at college and my sister (studies) at high school.When summer comes，the day is getting longer and longer，and the night (is getting) shorter and shorterHe didnt go to see that

2、 film，nor did I (go to see that film).狀語從句中的省略： （1）在when，while，if，unless，as if，though (although)，once等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中，當(dāng)從句的主語與主句的主語一致且從句是“主語be其它成分”構(gòu)成時，可以將狀語從句的主語和be動詞一并省略：Once (he was)a worker ,Pang Long now becomes a famous singerHe looked everywhere as if (he was)in search of something . Liu Xiang opened

3、his lips as if (he were) to speak。劉翔張開嘴好像要說什么。The exhibition is more interesting than (it was) expected (比被預(yù)料的有趣的多) （2）當(dāng)從句的主語是it，謂語動詞中又含有系動詞be時，可以把it和系動詞be一起省略。此時構(gòu)成連詞（if，unless，when，whenever）+形容詞的結(jié)構(gòu)。Unless (it is) necessary，you'd better not refer to the dictionary. 2定語從句中的省略 在口語和非正式語中，關(guān)系副詞when，和

4、why經(jīng)常用that來代替，甚至還可省略。This is the first time (when/that)he had trouble with the boss. 這是他第一次麻煩老板。Could you tell us the reason (why/that)he was so unhappy ? 當(dāng)先行詞the way表示“方式”時，不能用how來引導(dǎo)，應(yīng)該用that或in which或?qū)⑺鼈內(nèi)渴÷浴?I don't like the way (that/in which) you laugh at her. 3主句省略多見于句首。如：（It is a）Pity that

5、 I didnt go to Marys birthday party yesterday. (youd) Better do it right now.二、動詞不定式to省略的情形1當(dāng)主語部分有to do或主語從句中有行為動詞do時，后面作表語的不定式to?？墒÷?。The only thing you have to do is press the button.All I want （to do） is go to school and study hard.All we can do now is (to) wait.2作介詞but，expect，besides的賓語，前面又有實意動詞d

6、o時，不定式通常省去to。如：He said that Chen Shuibian had nothing to do except push a pro-“independence” timetable.The boy did nothing but play.3當(dāng)兩個或多個不定式并列時，其后的不定式符號可以省略，但有對比關(guān)系時不可省略。I told him to sit down and wait for a moment.4某些使役動詞（let, make, have）及感官動詞（see, watch, hear, notice, observe, feel, look at, list

7、en to等）后面作賓語補足語的不定式一定要省去 to, 但在被動語態(tài)中須將to 復(fù)原。I saw the boy fall from the tree. The boy was seen to fall from the tree.The boss made us work 12 hours a day. We were made to work 12 hours a day.四、動詞不定式to保留的情形不定式作某些動詞的賓語時，這些動詞常見的有：love，like，care，wish，hope，expect，prefer，refuse，mean，try，oblige，advise，pers

8、uade，agree，want，afford，forget，remember，try，manage等。-You should have thanked her before you left 你本該在離開前謝謝她。-I meant to, but when I was leaving I couldnt find her anywhere.我本打算這么做，但當(dāng)我就要離開的時候我卻找不到她了。You can do it this way if you like to .如果你想做，你可以這么做。 2不定式作動詞ask，tell，advise，force，persuade，wish，allow，p

9、ermit，forbid，expect，order，want 等的賓語補足語或主語補足語時。I asked him to see the film, but he didnt want to.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street，but his mother told him not to . 3不定式在句中作形容詞happy，glad，eager，anxious，willing，ready等的狀語時。I will be away on a business trip .Could you mind looking after my

10、cat ？Not at all .I would be happy to.4不定式作某些復(fù)合謂語時，常見結(jié)構(gòu)如：be able to，be going to，have to，ought to，used to等。如：He doesnt like fish，but he used to.5在have, need, ought, be going, used等后。I didnt want to go there, but I had to .6在某些形容詞如glad, happy, pleased, delighted后。-How about going swimming with me this

11、afternoon?-Im glad to, but Im afraid I have to finish my homework first.7否定形式的省略用not to 。-Could you go instead of him? -I prefer not to.8省略作賓語的不定式短語，只保留to，但如果to后面有be動詞、助動詞have或have been，則to后面的be動詞、助動詞have或have been也須一并保留下來。-Are you an engineer? -No, but I want to be.-He hasnt finished the task yet.

12、-Well, he ought to have.五、not ,so的“替代性”省略。not，so作為替代詞，代替被省略的句子，一般同表示個人看法或想法的動詞連用。作be afraid, believe, expect, hope, say, see, suppose, think become 等的賓語。not代替否定句子，還可放在perhaps, probably absolutely等副詞后。這也是近幾年高考的?？柬椖俊?Is he coming back tonight? -I think so.-She must be busy now. -If so, she cant go wit

13、h us.-Is she feeling better today? -Im afraid not.-Do you think he will attend the meeting? -I guess not.-was it any good? -No，absolutely not.還有：How so? Why so? Is that so? I hope so. He said so.及I suppose/believe/hope not.六、其它一些省略結(jié)構(gòu)名詞所有格修飾的名詞，若表示住宅、店鋪、教堂或上下文已暗示或明確指出過的事物時，常?？梢允÷?。如：We spent the weeke

14、nd at the Marys.2有時可根據(jù)意思及上下文聯(lián)系適當(dāng)省略，保留最有效信息。Lets meet at the same place as (we met) yesterday.-Have you finished your work?-(I have) Not (finished my work) yet. 2008高考選擇題省略句 1-How do you find your new classmates?-Most of them are kind，but _ is so good to me as Bruce.（2008福建卷，21）Anone Bno one Cevery o

15、ne Dsome one2-Do you want tea or coffee? -_I really don't mind. (2008上海卷，26)ANone BNeither CEither DAll3-Who should be responsible for the accident?（2008福建卷，30）-The boss，not the workersThey just carried out the order_.Aas told Bas are told Cas telling Das they told4When asked_ they needed most,

16、the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved（2008湖南卷，29）Awhat Bwhy Cwhom Dwhich5-Have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday?（2008安徽卷，32）- Yes， _，Im going to visit some homes for the old in the city.AIf ever BIf busy CIf anything DIf possible6-Would you like to join us in the g

17、ame?-_，for I have something important to attend to. （2008福建卷，35）AI will BI d love to CI wont DIm afraid not 7-Would you like to join me for a quick lunch before class?-_，but I promised Nancy to go out with her. (2008寧夏卷/全國1，21)AId like to BI like it CI dont DI will8-Do you have a minute? Ive got som

18、ething to tell you. -OK，_ you make it short. （2008安徽卷，31）Anow that Bif only Cso long as Devery time9-My name is Jonathan. Shall I spell it for you?-_（2008遼寧卷，34）AIf you dont mind BNot at all CTake it easy DNice to meet you10-I have some big news for you. Youve been accepted as a member of our club.-

19、_Thats great! （2008安徽卷，25）AHave I ? BPardon ? CCongratulations! DGood idea!11-Did you return Freds call?-I didnt need to _ Ill see him tomorrow.（2008北京卷，23）Athough Bunless Cwhen Dbecause12-Do you mind if I record your lecture?-_Go ahead. （2008江蘇卷，22）ANever mind BNo way CNot at all DNo, youd better n

20、ot13-Did you have a good time in Thailand last week?-_，it was too hot. （2008遼寧卷，21）ANot really BYeah, why not COh, great DYoure right14-Do you know Annas telephone number?-_As a matter of fact，I dont know any Anna, either. (2008全國卷II，6)AI think so BIm afraid not CI hope so DId rather not15-Have you

21、got any job offers? -NoI_（2008遼寧卷，29）Awaited Bhad been waiting Chave waited Dam waiting16-What fruit is in season now?-Grapes and peaches，_. (2008寧夏卷/全國1，22)AI know BI think CI see DI feel17-Could I ask you a rather personal question?-Sure，_ (2008全國卷II，10)Apardon me Bgo ahead Cgood idea Dforget it18

22、-Lets go for a walk in the garden.-_ ，but I need to do the washing up. (2008四川卷，5) ANo, thank you BThats right CGood idea DNot at all19-Can you show me Mr. Jaffers office，please?-_But I dont know if he is in at the moment. (2008四川卷，13)AThanks BGo on CSure DYou are welcome20-Could you help me write t

23、he report?-_I havent got time at the moment. (2008延考卷，1)ANo problem BNo, sorry CYes, please DAll right21-Are you all right? -_ AThats OK BI think so CTake it easy DIts very kind of you22I like this jacket better than that one，but it costs almost three times_.Aas much Bas many Cso much Dso many23The

24、lawyer rarely wears anything other than jeans and a T-shirt _the season.Awhatever Bwherever Cwhenever Dhowever參考答案：1-5ACAAD 6-10DACAA 11-15DCABD 16-20BBCCB 21-23BAA近年高考試題省略和替代1Though he started late，Mr Guo played the piano as well asack，if_.(2007陜西卷)Anot better than Bnot better Cno better than Dbett

25、er2We all know that,_，the situation will get worse.(2007全國)Anot if dealt carefully with Bif not carefully dealt withCif dealt not carefully with Dnot if carefully dealt with3When help，one often says“Thank you”or“Its kind of you.”(2005福建卷)Aoffering Bto offer Cto be offered Doffered4When first to the

26、market，these products enjoyed great success. (2004全國卷II)Aintroducing Bintroduced Cintroduce Dbeing introduced5It shames me to say it，but I told a lie when _at the meeting by my boss.(2004全國卷I)Aquestioning Bhaving questioned Cquestioned Dto be questioned6Generally speaking，_ according to the directio

27、ns, the drug has no side effect.Awhen taking Bwhen taken Cwhen to take Dwhen to be taken7-Susan，go and join your sister in cleaning the yard .-Why ? John is sitting there doing nothing.(NMET2003)Ahim BHe CI Dme8Prices of daily goods through computer can be lower than store prices. (2002.北京.春)Aare bo

28、ught Bbought Cbeen bought Dbuying9-Why havent you bought any butter?-I to，but I forgot about it (2001春季)Aliked Bwished Cmeant Dexpected10_for the free tickets，I would not have gone to the films so often.(1995上海卷)AIf it is not BWere CHad it not been DIf they were not11-Are there any English story boo

29、ks for us students in the library?-There are only a few，_.Aif any Bif there Cif some Dif has12-Would you like to go with us? -Yes，_.AId BId like CId like to DId like to do13-Would you like to have a try once again? -_.AYes，I like BNo，I dont like it CYes，I want very much DYes，Id like to14-What do you

30、 think made Mary so upset? - her bicycle.AAs she lost BLost CLosing DBecause of losing15-When did they get down to the job? -_.AUntil they left BTill they arrived CSince they finished it DNot until they turned to me16-Are you angry? -YesHe should at least answer when _.Aspeaking Bspoken to Cspoken D

31、speaking to17He has made a lot of films，but _ good ones. (2007北京)Aany Bsome Cfew Dmany18_and Ill get the work finished. (2006重慶)AHave one more hour CGiven one more hourBOne more hour DIf I have one more hour19After he became conscious, he remembered _ and _ on the head with a rod. Ato attack，hit Cat

32、tacking，be hitBto be attacked，to be hit Dhaving been attacked，hit20The police found that the house _ and a lot of things _.Ahas broken into; has been stolen Chas been broken into; stolenBhad broken into; had been stolen Dhad been broken into; stolen21One of the sides of the board should be painted y

33、ellow，and _. (2000北京/安徽卷)Athe other is white Banother white Cthe other white Danother is white22The researchg begu is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it. (2002)Abegins Bhaving begun Cbeginning Dbegun23He speaks English well indeed, but of course not _ a native speaker. (2004上海)

34、Aas fluent as Bmore fluent than Cso fluently as Dmuch fluently than24No matter how frequently _, the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world. Aperformed Bperforming Cto be performed Dbeing performed25The flowers his friend gave him will die unless _ every day. (2007四川) Awatered Bwatering Cwater Dto water26-When do we need to pay the money? -_ September 30.(2006北京卷22)AIn BBy CDuring DWithin27- What were you trying to prove to th