初三英語學(xué)科暑假銜接課語法專題復(fù)習(xí)教師輔導(dǎo)教案-代詞

1、初三英語學(xué)科暑假銜接課語法專題復(fù)習(xí)教師輔導(dǎo)教案語法專題之代詞學(xué)員編號(hào)：年級(jí)：新初三課時(shí)數(shù)：學(xué)員姓名：輔導(dǎo)科目：英語學(xué)科教師：授課類型TC語法專題之代詞T教學(xué)目標(biāo)1、熟悉代詞的基本概念和分類 。2、重點(diǎn)掌握人稱代詞，物主代詞，反身代詞，疑問代詞和不定 代詞及it的用法。星級(jí)授課日期及時(shí)段教學(xué)內(nèi)容C-代詞專題嘴青一、茨麻開門（建議2-5分鐘）BEFORE 6 BEERSSU33S 9 U3J.JV（批注：你看到了什么？將圖片顛倒過來看你又看到了什么？從不同的角度看問題，你會(huì)有不一樣的收獲?。〢FTER 6 BEERS初中英語代詞用法分類詳解僑X* 一、基本概念代詞是用來代替名詞或名詞性短語或句子的

2、詞類。從本質(zhì)上說，它屬于名詞性詞類，即在不指出具體 名詞、名詞短語或名詞性句子的情況下，用以代替說明它的詞類。儕s二、基本分類川2縣驀金.延箍戲反稱 主 系 接 定 問 示 互 身九大代詞7帛三、用法詳解業(yè)1、人稱代詞/1）分類第二人稱youyouyouyou第三人稱hehimtheythemshehertheythemitittheythem2）用法1 .主格用來作主語，賓格用來作動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語。例：We all like learning English.我們都喜歡學(xué)英語。Please tell him to return my book to me tomorrow. 請(qǐng)告訴他明天把我

3、的書還給我。2 .作表語一般用賓格，但在比較正式的場(chǎng)合用主格。例：Who is it?誰呀？ -It me.是我。（非正式）一It is |.是我。（正式）仇）排列順序1 .單數(shù)人稱代詞并列作主語時(shí)，其順序?yàn)椋旱诙朔Q 第三人稱 第一人稱例：You, he and I should help one another.我、你、他應(yīng)該彼此幫助。She and I are of the same age 我和她同歲。2 .復(fù)數(shù)人稱代詞作主語時(shí)，其順序?yàn)椋旱谝蝗朔Q- 第二人稱- 第三人稱例：We, you and they are all Chinese.我們、你們和他們都是中國(guó)人。U 注意：在承認(rèn)錯(cuò)

4、誤，承擔(dān)責(zé)任時(shí)，I放在其他人前面表示勇于承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤，we放在其他人后面。例：I and my brother made the mistake.我和兄弟犯了錯(cuò)誤。They, you and we should leave there at once.我們、你們和他們應(yīng)該立即離開那里。典型例題22. Tom and Mike are good friends . often help each other.A. TheyB. Them C. Their D. Theirs22. Send a postcard from Australia when you are there.A. IB. meC

5、. myD. mineI m talking to you, Jack. Please listen to carefully.A. meB. mineC. youD. your s答案：A B解析：觀察設(shè)空，三道題設(shè)空分別在句首和動(dòng)詞及介詞后，分別缺少主語和賓語，因此選用人稱代詞。缺主語用主格，缺賓語用賓格。由 2、物主代詞機(jī)）分類婁單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)人稱一一三一一三回我的你的他的她的它的我們的你們的他們的形容詞性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名詞性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs2）用法1 .形容詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于形容詞，放在名詞之前作定語

6、。例：His parents are both teachers.他的父母都是老師。2 .名詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于名詞，不能用于名詞之前。名詞性物主代詞在句中作主語、賓語、表語或 與“of連用（屬雙重所有格的一種形式）。例：My ruler is red and yours is yellow.我的尺子是紅色的，你的是黃色的。（作主語）My pen is broken, may I use yours?我的鋼筆壞了，我可以用你的嗎？（作賓語）物主代詞記憶口訣:物主代詞分兩種, 形容詞性能力差, 句子當(dāng)中作定語, 物主代詞名詞性, 句中充當(dāng)主賓表, 兩種代詞形不同,his, its不用變，形容詞性名

7、詞性。自己不能來當(dāng)家。身后定把名詞加。 相當(dāng)名詞可單用。身后沒有名詞影。添個(gè) s形變名。my 變 mine 要記清。典型例題22. 一 What are you reading? The Adventures of Tom Sawyer.writer is Mark Twain.A. ItB. ItsC. HeD. His22. Dogs are my sister s favorite pets. These cute dogs are.A. mineB. theirsC. hisD. hers答案：B D解析：第一題設(shè)空后有名詞writer,需要用形容詞性物主代詞來修飾，“它的作者”，因此

8、選B.第二題設(shè)空后沒有名詞，因此用名詞性物主代詞。根據(jù)人稱sister,選擇D.4由 3、反身代詞1）分類,、-.稱 數(shù)A人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數(shù)myselfyourselfhimself, herself, itself復(fù)數(shù)ourselvesyourselvesthemselves密2）用法：反身代詞用法口訣：反身代詞表自身，句中可作三成分；動(dòng)介后面用作賓，表示動(dòng)作回自身；句中強(qiáng)調(diào)同位語，主語賓語后變跟；I 系動(dòng)be后作表語，這個(gè)用法要牢記。/1 .反身代詞在句中可作同位語，起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用：例：The headmaster himself will go to see my parents. 校

9、長(zhǎng)將親自去見我的父母。The thing itself is not important.事情本身并不重要。2 .作賓語： 有些動(dòng)詞需有反身代詞：absent, bathe, amuse, blame, dry, cut, enjoy, hurt, introduce, behave例：She is old enough to look after herself.她長(zhǎng)大了，能自己照顧自己了。We enjoyed ourselves very much last night.我們昨晚玩得很開心。Please help yourself to some fish.請(qǐng)你隨便吃點(diǎn)魚。3 .作表語：例

10、：I am not quite myself today.我今天感覺不好。3）積累：記住這些常用的反身代詞的短語，寫作文時(shí)用得上的哦!by oneself 親自call oneself 自稱為engage oneself in- - 忙于make oneself at home 不要客氣learn by oneself 自學(xué)come to oneself 蘇醒dress oneself (in - )自己穿()express oneself 表達(dá)自己 的意思 seat oneself 坐absent oneself from 缺席congratulate oneself- 慶幸 自己excus

11、e oneself為自 己開脫occupy oneself in 忙于be oneself身體狀態(tài)好behave oneself規(guī)矩；表現(xiàn)得有禮貌hurt oneself 受傷make oneself understood 使另1J人理解talk to oneself 自言自語help oneself to 隨便吃（喝）；enjoy oneself 過得愉快;for oneself 為 自己;lose oneself in 陶醉于;teach oneself=learn by onesef;devote oneself to 專心于； 獻(xiàn)身于21典型例題1Who teaches paintin

12、g ?- Nobody, I teach.A. your; mine B. your; my C. you; myself D. you; me答案：C解析：人稱代詞的用法。根據(jù)題意：誰教你畫畫？沒有人，我教我自己。根據(jù)題意可知第一個(gè)空用人稱 代詞，第二個(gè)空用反身代詞。2. Welcome to my new house, Ann and John! Help to some fruit.A. myselfB. yourselfC. yourselves D. ourselves答案：C解析：help yourself為固定短語“隨便吃（喝）”。3. 一 How did your uncle

13、learn to play the guitar? By .A. myself B. yourselfC. herself D. himself答案：D解析：反身代詞的用法。by后加反身代詞，表示 某人自己的，主語為your uncle故用himself。4、疑問代詞1）分類疑問代詞whowhomwhosewhichwhat意義誰誰的哪個(gè)，哪些什么作用作主語，用來指人作賓語，用來指人 用來指所屬關(guān)系，如果 作定語，一般后接名詞 用來指人或物在一定范 圍限制之內(nèi)進(jìn)行選擇通常指物.一般用在未例句Who is the girl under the tree?Whom do you want to s

14、ee?Whose pen is this?Which girl will be in the meeting?What can you see in the指出范圍的情況下醺2）相關(guān)考點(diǎn)：疑問副詞how （方式），when （時(shí)間），where （地點(diǎn)），why （原因）；how組成的疑問副詞短語:how often（提問頻率 多久一次）；how far （提問距離多遠(yuǎn)”）;）；how much （提問價(jià)錢；提問不可數(shù)名詞數(shù)量多少”）;how many（提問可數(shù)名詞數(shù)量“多少”）how soon （“多快，多久以后”）；how long （提問長(zhǎng)度或時(shí)間段“多長(zhǎng)，多久”典型例題1.are yo

15、u looking for?-The key to my bike.2.一3.A. WhereB. Whodid you go to the doctor, Tim?A. HowB. WhereC. WhatTwo weeks ago.C. WhatD. WhenD. Whenwill your father come back from New York?In two days.A. How long8. How soonC. How oftenD. How many4.do they go to the village school?Once a month.A. How oftenB.

16、How longC. How farD. How many答案：C D BA解析：選擇疑問詞的突破點(diǎn)是答語，根據(jù)答語來確定疑問詞。1 .答語the key,用疑問代詞 what;2 .答語Two weeks ago用when提問時(shí)間;3 .答語In two days兩天后”，用how soon提問 多久以后“；注意how soon多于一般將來時(shí)連用。4 .答語Once a month 一月一次“，用how often提問頻率。注意 how often多與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)連用。由5、不定代詞1）分類：普通不定代詞和復(fù)合不定代詞初中階段常用普通不定代詞some; anyfew; littlemany;

17、mucheither; neithereach; everyboth; allnoneoneother初中階段常用復(fù)合不定代詞somebody （某人）anybody（某人/任何人）nobody （沒有人）everybody （每人）someone （某人）anybody （某人/任何人）no one （沒有人）everyone （每人）something （杲事）anything （某事/任何事）:nothing （沒啟東西）everything件事）2）用法：X many和much: many與可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)連用；與不可數(shù)名詞連用。如：I dont have many friends her

18、e.在這里我沒有很多的朋友.。We can learn much with the help of him.在他的幫助之下我們能學(xué)到很多。some 和 anysome, any既可以修飾可數(shù)名詞，也可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞； some常用在肯定句中；any多用于否定句、疑問句及條件句中。B） some用于表示請(qǐng)求、邀請(qǐng)、建議的疑問句，或希望得到對(duì)方肯定回答的疑問句中，如： Will you have another cup of tea? 再來杯茶好嗎？ Mum, could you give me some money? 媽媽，能給我些錢嗎？2）當(dāng)any表示“任何”或“無論哪一個(gè)”的含義時(shí)，可用于

19、肯定句，如：You may come at any time that is convenient to you. 你可以在對(duì)你方便的任何時(shí)候來。典型例題I m thirsty. Could you let me have coke?A. little B. any C. some D. other答案：C解析：some一般用在肯定句中，而在否定句和疑問句中一般用any;但要注意some的特殊用法：在提出邀請(qǐng)、建議或希望得到對(duì)方肯定回答的疑問句中用some而不用any。句意 我口渴了，你能讓我喝些可樂嗎？ ”說話者希望得到對(duì)方的肯定回答。因此選 Co冰 little, a little, fe

20、w, a few可數(shù)不可數(shù)a few （有,些）a little （有一點(diǎn)兒）否定few （幾乎沒有）little （幾乎沒有）典型例題1. Would you like some more coffee? Yes. Just. Thanks.A. littleB. fewC. a littleD. a few2.I need bananas to make fruit salad. Could you please buy some?A. fewB. a fewC. littleD. a little答案：C By的始（解題方法：一看名詞，二看句意解析：J1 .名詞是coffee,為不可數(shù)名

21、詞，排除 B.D.再根據(jù)句意要一些，選帶 a的a little。2 .名詞是banana,為可數(shù)名詞，排除 C.D.再根據(jù)句意需要一些，選帶 a的a few。兩者三者都都不任一每一另一二者bothneithereithereachthe other三者allnoneanyeveryanother1） both, either, neither 都表示兩者。O或者，或者/要么，要么）。常用搭配：bothand（兩者都），neithernor既不，也不），eitherNeither you nor he is wrong.一，（就近原則）Either my father or my mother

22、cooks at homeJBoth she and I are students.（謂語動(dòng)詞用 復(fù)數(shù)）2） all和none表示三者或三者以上。all表示全部肯定，而 none表示全部否定；all作主語時(shí)，指人看作復(fù)數(shù)，指物看作單數(shù)；none作主語時(shí)，看作單復(fù)數(shù)都行。none和no one的區(qū)別f none既可指人也可指物，常暗示一定范圍，因此多與表示范圍的介詞of短語連用;L no one只能指人，不能與 of短語連用。none與數(shù)量有關(guān)，可回答how many或how much ,表示“一個(gè)也沒有“；Ino one表示“什么人也沒有，可回答who;一How many people are

23、 there in the room? 房間里有多少人？尸L一 None. 一個(gè)沒有。w.一W who-no one短的長(zhǎng)；少的多一Who is in the office?誰在辦公室？ howmhow many-none長(zhǎng)的短；多的少 No one.沒有人。典型例題1. Which do you prefer, bananas or ranges? . I enjoy eating apples.A. Both B. Either C. Neither D. All答案：C解析：?jiǎn)柧湟鉃?香蕉和桔子你更喜歡哪個(gè)？”答句中最后一句意為我喜歡吃蘋果。”由此推知，香蕉和桔子他都不喜歡，故用代詞ne

24、ither表示兩者都不。both為兩者都，either為兩者中的任一個(gè)”，all指 三者或三者以上都2. Sam looks like his Dad. They aretall.A. either B. any C. allD. both答案：D解析：句意“Saml得像他爸爸。他們兩人個(gè)子都很高?！鄙暇渲刑岬搅?Sam和他的父親，they指代這兩個(gè)人，所以both （兩者都）正確。3. I tried several jackets on, but of them looked good.A. both B. eitherC. noneD. neither答案：C解析：句意 我試穿了幾件夾克

25、，但沒有一件合身的?！鳖}干中several意為 幾個(gè)，數(shù)個(gè)”，表示的是 三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上， .個(gè)也沒有”應(yīng)為none,故選C。each, everyeach指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人或物中的每一個(gè)，強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體*.every指三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或物中的每一個(gè)，側(cè)重整體each指若干固定數(shù)目中的每一個(gè)（特指）*-every指任何一個(gè)（泛指）；each兼有代詞和形容詞特點(diǎn)，可作主語、同位語、定語和賓語each作同位語時(shí)，不影響謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)，如： We each have a ticket.（不能用has）every是形容詞，只能作定語，如：Each student （Each of the students）

26、 has a dictionary.Every competitor in the contest was awarded a notebook and a pen.other, the other, others, the others, anotherr other 其他的“，后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，泛指。 There are other ways to do this exercise.Her first-born is a doctor. Her other children are all in the army. 。右特指用 the other（后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞）。Where have the

27、other students gone?the other O特指兩者中的另個(gè)。I have two friends . One is a teacher and the other is a doctor.others。一。蟠其他的人或物，相當(dāng)于Other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”。Some are playing basketball, others are playing football.He often helps others=other people.the others。一附旨所有剩余的人或物，相當(dāng)于the other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”=the restSome students are read

28、ing, the others are drawing pictures.another。一CO旨三者或三者以上的另一個(gè)。Its too small, please show me another。I don t like this pair of shoes. Would you please show manother pair?必備句型：one l the other 一個(gè) 另一個(gè) some- - others 丁些另一些 somethe others 一些 其余的 bothand 兩者都 either。廠或者，或者/要么，要么 neither nor既不 也不 典型例題1. I hav

29、e two vacation plans. One is going to the summer camp,is being a volunteer.A. anotherB. otherC. the otherD. others答案：C.route to the airport.解析：語境中給出了 two vacation plans。考查搭配 one,the other，故選C.2. Oh, the traffic is so heavy. Let s changeA. otherB. othersC. the otherD. another答案：D解析：考查不定代詞。題干為 換別的路線”，

30、而other為 另外的“；others后不能加名詞；the other為兩者當(dāng)中的另一個(gè)；another表示 再，又；別的，其他的；任何一個(gè)，指三者或以上的任何一個(gè)。3. Remember not to lend this computer toA. otherB. the otherC. othersD. another答案：C解析：句意為“不要把電腦借給別人”。泛指其他的人，選 C. other后需要加people; the other是特指,后面也需要加people,才能表示其他的人，不加people僅表示兩者中的另一個(gè)；another表示者或三者以上的另一個(gè)。不定代詞用處多，修飾成分后

31、邊藏；單數(shù)動(dòng)詞作謂語，何時(shí)何地都一樣。復(fù)合不定代詞:1 . some 與 any： somebody/someone/something 用于肯定句；anybody/anyone/anything 用于否定和疑問句。2 .復(fù)合不定代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。例：Something is wrong with your bike.你的自行車有毛病。3 .形容，或else修飾復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)，要放在后面。例：I have nothing important to tell you.我沒有什么重要的事情告訴你。I don t know anything else about i供于這件事我其他什

32、么也不知道。wrong with it.典型例題1 .My watch doesnt work. There isA. somethingB. everythingC. anythingD. nothing2.-Wait a minute. I haveto tell you.“hats is it?A. something importantB. important somethingC. anything importantD. important anything答案：1. A. 2.A解析：1.句意是“表出了一些問題C.一切事情D.什么都沒有 均不符合句意。因?yàn)槭强隙ň?，需?A.2

33、.肯定句，因此排除 C.D.復(fù)合不定代詞修飾成分要后置，因此選 A.X one 和 itone同類不同物；it同類同物一 Do you still have the bicycle? 你還有那輛自行車嗎? No, I have sold it.沒了，我已經(jīng)把它賣了。（it 指上文的 the bicycle） Is this knife yours?這是你的刀嗎?No. It s Jim s. Mine）netbe the desk.不是。這是吉姆的。我的是桌子上的那個(gè)。典型例題like this? Your watch is quite nice. Where did you buy-In S

34、hanghai. Do you want to haveA. it; one答案：AB. it; itC. one; itD. one; oneU A解析：句意 你的手表很漂亮，在哪兒買的呀?”在上海。你想買一個(gè)這樣的嗎?”在表示替代時(shí)，it指出現(xiàn)的那個(gè)名詞；one指代與上文名詞同類的事物之一。根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)選A。7 6、指示代詞指代單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)近指thisthese遠(yuǎn)指 that those1 .指示代詞有單復(fù)數(shù)之分，既可指物，也可用于介紹人。例：This is an apple tree, and that is an orange tree. These are my friends, and

35、 that is my sister.2 .剛提到過的事情或已經(jīng)完成的事情用that,指即將發(fā)生的或?qū)⒁岬降氖虑橛胻his。例：Please remember this: No pains, no gains. 請(qǐng)記住: 不勞無獲。3 .在打電t時(shí)，this表示 我，that表示 你”。例：Hello! This is Mike. Who tsat? Hello! This is John.4 . that和those可用來代替前面提到過的名詞。that代替單數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，those代替復(fù)數(shù)名詞。例：The weather in Shanghai is not so cold as t

36、hat in Beijing. 上海的天氣沒有北京那么冷。典型例題The pears in my basket are smaller than in Jim s.A. it B. that C. ones D. those答案：D解析：在表示比較的句子中指代單數(shù)的人或物時(shí)用that,指代復(fù)數(shù)的人或物時(shí)用those。本題中指代的是比較的另一方 pears,故選those。7、相互代詞 ：each other ,one another如：We must help each other when we are in trouble.我們身處困境時(shí)要互相幫助。They sat there witho

37、ut talking to one another / each other.他們坐在那兒，互相都不說話。8、連接代詞：引導(dǎo)名詞性從句9、關(guān)系代詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句三，斬嫌除魔（建議5-10分鐘）1. Tom, Please pass the glasses. I want to read the newspapers.A. youB. meC. himD. her2. The English novel is quite easy for you. There are new words in it.A. a littleB. littleC. a fewD. few3. -You wantsa

38、ndwich?-Yes, I usually eat a lot when Im hungry.A. otherB. anotherC. othersD. the other4. The doctors and nurses are doing their best to fight SARS. They think more of others thanA. theyB. themC. themselves D. theirs5. -Which do you prefer, a bottle of orange or a bottle of milk?,thanks. Id like)1at

39、e:aip.A. EitherB. NeitherC. BothD. None-Oh! I came in a hurry and forgot to bring food.-Never mind. You can haveA. usB. oursC. youD. yours-Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning?A. EitherB. NeitherC. BothD. Noneis OK. I m free today and tomorrow.-How are you going to improveA. ourselvesB

40、. myselfthis term?C. himself-Could you tell meshe is looking for?A. thatB. whoseC. who10. Ishere?A. everybody11. Paul hasA. many-Work harder than last term.D. yourself-Her cousin, Susan.D. which-No. Li Lei and Han Mei have asked for leave.B. somebodyC. anybody D. nobodyfriends except me, and sometim

41、es he feels lonely.B. someC. fewD. more12. If you want to book a round- trip ticket, youll have to pay $ 30.A. moreB. otherC. the other D. another13. -Do you live by yourself, Mr Wang?-Yes. I have two sons. Butof them lives with me. They are now studying in America?A. neitherB. bothC. noneD. either1

42、4. -Have you sent your parents an E-mail telling them you arrived safe?No.of them can use a computer.A. NoneB. BothC. NeitherD. All15. Who taughtEnglish last term? WasMr. Smith?A. you; itB. you; heC. your; itD. your; that16. -That woman has a bag in her right hand. Whats in herhand?A. anotherB. othe

43、rC. oneD. the other17. We decided to go for a field trip with some friends ofA. usB. ourC. oursD. ourselves18. -Is there a bus to the zoo?-I m afraid therebus to the zoo.A. noB. anyC. someD.none19. You forgot your dictionary? You may haveA. meB. myC. mineD. myself20. This isclassroom. Where isA. our

44、; themB. us; theyC. our; theirsD. ours; theirs21. She heard a terrible noise,brought her heart into her mouth.A. itB. whichC. thisD. thatwho had already taken them.22. The teacher gave the books to all the students exceptA. onesB. someC. the onesD. the others23. Our manager allowed to take a holiday

45、 next week.A. you and IB. yourself and me C.I and youD. you andme24. Although he s wealthy , he spends on clothes.A. littleB. fewC. a littleD. a few25. They were all tired, butof them would stop to take a rest.A. anyB. someC. noneD. neither26. I don t know whether small oranges are sweeter than bigA. thoseB. onesC. oneD. that27. When they met, they stopped and said hello toA. each otherB. each anotherC. the other eachD .each one