新概念英語語法-名詞

1、名詞Nouns知識(shí)要點(diǎn)：一、名詞的種類：1、專有名詞：1）China, Japan, Beijing, London, Tom, Jack（不加冠詞）2）the Great Wall, the Yellow River, the Peoples Republic of China, the United States等。（由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞，要加定冠詞。）2、普通名詞1）不可數(shù)名詞注意：不可數(shù)名詞前一般不加冠詞，尤不加不定冠詞：若加a(an)則使之具體化了。如：have a wonderful time.不可數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。不可數(shù)名詞一般無復(fù)數(shù)形式。部分物質(zhì)名詞

2、在表不同類別時(shí)，可用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：fishes, newspapers, waters, snows| | | 各種各樣的魚 各種報(bào)紙 河湖、海水 積雪有些抽象名詞也常用復(fù)數(shù)，變?yōu)榭蓴?shù)的具體的事物。如：times時(shí)代，works著作，difficulties困難在表數(shù)量時(shí)，常用“of”詞組來表示。如：a glass of milk, a cup of tea, two pieces of paper.2）可數(shù)名詞：可數(shù)名詞除用復(fù)數(shù)形式表一類之外，一般都要加冠詞：A bird can fly.The frog is a kind of hibernating animal. Vegetables

3、 sold at this shop are usually fresh.有復(fù)數(shù)形式：a）規(guī)則變化加“s”或“es”（與初中同，略）b）不規(guī)則變化child (children), foot (feet), tooth (teeth), man (men), woman (women), mouse (mice), goose (geese), Englishman (Englishmen),phenomenon (phenomena)注意：c）單、復(fù)數(shù)同形：sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese, fish（同一種魚）。如，a sheep, two sheepd）只用復(fù)

4、數(shù)形式： thanks, trousers, goods, clothes, socks, shoes,e）形復(fù)實(shí)單：physics, politics, maths, news, plastics（塑料），means.f）形單實(shí)復(fù)：people (人民，人們)，the police, cattle等g）集合名詞如：family, public, group, class等。當(dāng)作為整體時(shí)，為單數(shù)；當(dāng)作為整體中的各個(gè)成員時(shí)，為復(fù)數(shù)。如： My family is a big one. My family are music lovers.h）復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，(a)只把復(fù)合名詞中的主體

5、各詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式。如：sister(s)-in-law嫂子，弟妹；step-son (s)繼子；editor (s) -in-chief總編輯。(b)如沒有主體名詞則在最后一個(gè)詞的后面加“s”。如：grown-up(s)成年人，go-between(s)中間人(c）woman, man作定語時(shí)，要與被修飾的名詞的數(shù)一致。如：a man servantmen servants, a woman doctorwomen doctors二、名詞的所有格：1、表有生命的東西（人或動(dòng)物）的名詞所有格，一般在名詞后加“s”。如：Mikes bag, Childrens Day, my brothers r

6、oom, womens rights注意：1）名詞復(fù)數(shù)的詞尾是-s或-es，它的所有格只在詞后加“s”。如：Teachers Day, the workers rest-home（工人療養(yǎng)院），the students reading-room2）復(fù)合名詞的所有格，在后面的詞后加“s”。如：her son-in-laws photo（她女婿的照片）；anybody elses book（其他任何人的書）3）如果一樣?xùn)|西為兩人或兩人以上共有，則在最后的一個(gè)名詞后面加“s”； 如果不是共有，則每個(gè)詞后都要加“s”。如：Jane and Helens room. 珍妮和海倫的房間（共有）. Bill

7、s and Toms radios. 比爾的收音機(jī)和湯姆的收音機(jī)（不共有）4）表地點(diǎn)（店鋪，某人的家等）的名詞所有格后面，一般省去它所修飾的名詞。如：the tailors (裁縫鋪) the doctors (診所) Mr. Browns (布朗先生的家)5）有些表時(shí)間、距離、國(guó)家、城鎮(zhèn)的無生命的名詞，也可加“s”表所有格。如：half an hours walk (半小時(shí)的路程) Chinas agriculture (中國(guó)的農(nóng)業(yè))2、表示無生命的東西的名詞一般與of構(gòu)成詞組，表示所有格。如：the cover of the book3、表示有生命的東西的名詞也可以用of，特別是名詞較長(zhǎng)，

8、有較多的定語時(shí)。如：the story of Dr Norman BethuneDo you know the name of the boy standing at the gate?4、“of詞組+所有格”的用法：在表示所屬物的名詞前有冠詞、數(shù)詞、不定代詞或指示代詞（如：a, two, some, a few, this, that, these, those等）時(shí)，常用“of詞組+所有格”的形式來表示所有關(guān)系。如：a friend of my fathers 我父親的一位朋友。some inventions of Edisons 愛迪生的一些發(fā)明those exercise-books

9、of the students 學(xué)生們的那些練習(xí)本。【專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練】：1、There are only twelvein the hospital.Awoman doctorsBwomen doctorsCwomen doctor Dwoman doctor2、Mr Smith has two, both of whom are teachers in a school.Abrothers-in-lawBbrother-in-lawsCbrothers-in-lawsDbrothers-in law3、How manydoes a cow have?Four.AstomachesBstomachC

10、stomachsDstomachies4、Somevisited our school last Wednesday.AGermanBGermenCGermansDGermens5、Theof the building are covered with lots of.Aroofs; leavesBrooves; leafsCroof; leafDroofs; leafs6、When the farmer returned home he found threemissing.AsheepsBsheepesCsheepDsheepies7、That was a fiftyengine.Ahor

11、se powerBhorses powerChorse powersDhorses powers8、My father often gives me.Amany adviceBmuch adviceCa lot of advicesDa few advice9、Mary broke awhile she was washing up.Atea cupBa cup of teaCteas cupDcup tea10、Can you give us someabout the writer?AinformationsBinformationCpiece of informationsDpieces

12、 information11、I had a cup ofand two pieces ofthis morning.Ateas; breadBteas; breadsCtea; breadsDtea; bread12、As is known to us all, travels much faster than.Alights; soundsBlight; soundCsound; lightDsounds; lights13、She told him of all herand .Ahope; fearBhopes; fearChopes; fearsDhope; fears14、The

13、risingdid a lot ofto the crops.Awater; harmBwater; harmsCwaters; harmDwaters; harms15、How far away is it from here to your school?Its about.Ahalf an hours driveBhalf hours drivesChalf an hour drivesDhalf an hour drive16、The shirt isnt mine. Its.AMrs SmithBMrs SmithCMrs SmithsDMrs Smiths17、Miss Johns

14、on is a friend of.AMarys motherBMarys mothersCMary mothersDMarys mothers18、Last week I called at my.AauntBauntsCauntsDauntes19、The beach is athrow.AstoneBstonesCstonesDstones20、I can hardly imaginesailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.APeterBPeterCPetersDPeters【答案】：1、B2、A3、C stomach（胃）雖是“ch”結(jié)尾，但其發(fā)音為k，所以加“s”，不用加“es”。4、C 5、A roof, chief, gulf, belief等詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式