七年級(jí)英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)專(zhuān)題情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can、may、would、have to的用法

1、.七年級(jí)人教版 英語(yǔ) 復(fù)習(xí)專(zhuān)題 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can、may、would、have to的用法中考中對(duì)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的考察主要集中在：1. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的根本用法。2. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的簡(jiǎn)單否認(rèn)答復(fù)形式。3. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法區(qū)別。中考中對(duì)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的考察常以單項(xiàng)選擇、句型轉(zhuǎn)換等形式出現(xiàn)，分值為1-2分。一、知識(shí)精講一情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的含義：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身雖有一定的意義，但它必須和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞連用才能構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的語(yǔ)氣和態(tài)度。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一般沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化，后接動(dòng)詞原形。二需要掌握的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有：can, could, may, must, have to, need, should, would等。根本用法：1. can/

2、could A. 表示才能。could為can 的過(guò)去式，表示過(guò)去的才能。否認(rèn)式cant表示“不能，不會(huì)，不可以?！纠洹縒e can finish the work without any help. 沒(méi)有任何幫助我們也能完成這項(xiàng)工作。The boy could swim when he was three. 這男孩三歲時(shí)就會(huì)游泳了。I cant swim .我不會(huì)游泳。B. 用來(lái)征詢(xún)對(duì)方的答應(yīng)。常用句型為：Can/ Could I? 用could 比用can語(yǔ)氣更委婉，但在答語(yǔ)中必須用can?？隙ù饛?fù)：Sure/ Of course/ Certainly.否認(rèn)答復(fù)：Im afraid yo

3、u cant. 【例句】Could / Can you come here a little earlier? 你可以早點(diǎn)兒來(lái)這兒?jiǎn)幔?Could I use your bike? 我可以用一下你的自行車(chē)嗎？Of course you can. 當(dāng)然可以了。C. could表示“可以?！纠洹縔ou could open the door. 你可以把門(mén)翻開(kāi)。 Could you please give me the cup? 請(qǐng)給我那個(gè)杯子好嗎？狀元典例Im sorry I didnt win the game.Well, thats OK. You _ win every time.A. m

4、ustnt B. may not C. cant D. shouldnt答案：C思路分析：mustnt意為“一定不要、制止；may not意為“不可以；cant意為“不能；不會(huì)；不可以；shouldnt意為“不應(yīng)該。根據(jù)句意“很抱歉我沒(méi)能贏得比賽?！皼](méi)關(guān)系的。你不可能每次都贏可知C項(xiàng)適宜。2. may/ mightA. 表示答應(yīng)，意為“可以；用于句型May I? 時(shí)，表示征詢(xún)對(duì)方的答應(yīng)。此時(shí)與can同義，但比can正式。否認(rèn)式may not意為“不可以，表示沒(méi)經(jīng)某人允許。might的語(yǔ)氣更委婉?！纠洹縈ay I trouble you with a question? 我可以打攪一下問(wèn)你個(gè)問(wèn)

5、題嗎？May I leave this with you? 我可以把這個(gè)留給你嗎？You may not go home now. 你如今不可以回家。You might go home, but you must finish your homework. 你可以回家，但是你必須完成作業(yè)。B. 表示祝愿?！纠洹縈ay you succeed! 祝你成功！狀元典例_I use your bike? Mine is broken.Sure. A. Must B. May C. Need D. Should答案：B思路分析：根據(jù)答語(yǔ)sure可知問(wèn)句句意為“我可以用你的自行車(chē)嗎？，應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。其他三項(xiàng)

6、與句意不符。3. must, have toA. must意為“必須；應(yīng)當(dāng)，表示義務(wù)、命令或必要。否認(rèn)式mustnt表示“制止，嚴(yán)禁的意思?！纠洹縄 must go now, or Ill be late. 如今我必須走，否那么我會(huì)遲到的。She must work today. 今天她必須工作。You mustnt take the book away from the library. 你不可以把這本書(shū)帶出圖書(shū)館。B. have to意為“不得不，強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要，能用于多種時(shí)態(tài)；而must強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀看法，且沒(méi)有時(shí)態(tài)變化。【例句】I must study hard to improve my

7、English. 我必須努力學(xué)習(xí)以進(jìn)步我的英語(yǔ)程度。My parents are out and I have to look after my little sister.我父母出去了，我不得不照看我的小妹妹。狀元典例 1May I go to the cinema, Mom?Certainly. But you _ be back by 11 oclock.A. can B. may C. must D. need答案：C思路分析：根據(jù)答語(yǔ)“當(dāng)然可以了和轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but可知后句句意為“你必須11點(diǎn)以前回來(lái)。應(yīng)選項(xiàng)C正確。can意為“能；會(huì)；可以；may意為“可以；need意為“需要；有必要。

8、狀元典例 2Do we have to finish our homework this afternoon?Yes, you _.A. must B. can C. may D. need答案：A思路分析：根據(jù)答語(yǔ)中的yes可知用肯定答復(fù)，即：你們必須今天下午完成作業(yè)。應(yīng)選項(xiàng)A正確。狀元典例 3Im sorry. I _ go now. My father told me on the phone that my mother was ill.A. can B. may C. have to D. think答案：C思路分析：have to意為“不得不，表示客觀上的必須。句意為“對(duì)不起，我必

9、須如今走。我父親在 里告訴我我母親病了。A、B、D三項(xiàng)與題意不符，應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。4. need 表示需要或必要，作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，多用于否認(rèn)句和疑問(wèn)句。否認(rèn)式neednt意為“不必，不用?！纠洹縉eed I go now? 我需要如今走嗎？You neednt call her up this afternoon. 今天下午你不必給她打 。狀元典例You _ worry about me. Its nothing serious.A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. wont答案：C思路分析：根據(jù)后句句意“沒(méi)什么嚴(yán)重的可知前句意為“你不必?fù)?dān)憂(yōu)我。應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。cant意為“不能；不

10、會(huì)；不可以；mustnt意為“制止；wont意為“將不，均不符合句意。5. should 意為“應(yīng)該，表示義務(wù)、責(zé)任。可用于各種人稱(chēng)。否認(rèn)式shouldnt意為“不應(yīng)該?！纠洹縔ou should give me the book back. 你應(yīng)該把書(shū)歸還給我。He shouldnt go out on such a bad day. 他不應(yīng)在那么惡劣的天氣下出門(mén)。狀元典例He _ fight with his classmate. Hes not right.A. should B. could C. shouldnt D. neednt答案：C思路分析：根據(jù)后半句“他是不對(duì)的可知前半句

11、為否認(rèn)句，排除A，B兩項(xiàng)；C項(xiàng)意為“不應(yīng)當(dāng)；D項(xiàng)意為“不必，根據(jù)句意“他不應(yīng)該和同學(xué)打架。他是不對(duì)的?？芍xC項(xiàng)。6. wouldA. 表示“可以，是否可以，此時(shí)一般用于疑問(wèn)句且只用于you?！纠洹縒ould you please give me the book? 請(qǐng)把書(shū)本給我好嗎？ Would you please not go away? 請(qǐng)你別走好嗎？B. would like to do表示“愿意，喜歡【例句】Would you like to go with me? 你愿意和我一塊兒去嗎？I would like to buy this book. 我想買(mǎi)這本書(shū)。狀元典例Woul

12、d you like to go swimming with me this afternoon?Id love to, but Im afraid I _. I have too much work to do.A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. may not答案：A思路分析：Im afraid I cant.是對(duì)句型Would you like to do sth.?的否認(rèn)答復(fù)。應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。 二、難點(diǎn)聚焦1. can在表示如今的和過(guò)去的才能時(shí)，可以和be able to轉(zhuǎn)換。be able to do 也表示“能，會(huì)，一般表示經(jīng)過(guò)努力才具有的才能。與can的區(qū)別：

13、主要是be able to可有各種時(shí)態(tài)?！纠洹縃e was able to count to 10, 000 when he was 3 . = He could count to 10,000 when he was 3.他在三歲時(shí)就能數(shù)到10,000。He will be able to walk next month. 下個(gè)月他就會(huì)走路了。來(lái)源:1狀元典例Dont worry. I am sure you _ finish it soon.A. could B. will be able to C. will can D. be able to 答案：B思路分析：句意為“不要擔(dān)憂(yōu)。我相

14、信你很快就能完成它的，應(yīng)用將來(lái)時(shí)。can只有一般如今時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故排除A，C兩項(xiàng)；be able to有將來(lái)時(shí)will be able to，應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。2. need除可用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，還可用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，且意義不變。need在作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化，后接帶to的不定式?！纠洹縃e needs to go to the hospital right now. 他需要立即去醫(yī)院。He doesnt need to go home. = He neednt go home. 他不需要回家。狀元典例Today is Sunday. Tom _to school.A. need go B.

15、doesnt need go C. needs to go D. doesnt need to go答案：D思路分析：根據(jù)“今天是星期天可知“湯姆不需要去上學(xué)，故排除A，C兩項(xiàng)；假如need作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，其否認(rèn)式為neednt go，選項(xiàng)中沒(méi)有，那么need是作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，后接帶to的不定式，其否認(rèn)式為：doesnt need to go。應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。3. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之間的問(wèn)答A. 以can開(kāi)頭的一般疑問(wèn)句，簡(jiǎn)單肯定答復(fù)用can，簡(jiǎn)單否認(rèn)答復(fù)用cant?！纠洹緾an I go home now? 如今我可以回家嗎？Yes, you can. / No, you cant. 可以。/ 不，不可以。狀元

16、典例Can you play the guitar?Sorry, I _. But I can play the piano.A. may not B. cant C. neednt D. mustnt答案：B思路分析：根據(jù)sorry可知是否認(rèn)答復(fù)；以can開(kāi)頭的一般疑問(wèn)句，簡(jiǎn)單否認(rèn)答復(fù)用cant。應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。B. 以may開(kāi)頭的一般疑問(wèn)句，簡(jiǎn)單肯定答復(fù)用may或can，簡(jiǎn)單否認(rèn)答復(fù)用cant或mustnt。其中mustnt語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，cant 次之?！纠洹縈ay I go home now ? 如今我可以回家嗎？Yes, you may/ can. / No, you cant/ mustnt

17、. 可以。/ 不，不可以/ 一定不要。狀元典例May I watch TV for a while?No, you _. You have to finish your homework first.A. shouldnt B. neednt C. mustnt D. wont答案：C思路分析：閱讀問(wèn)句可知是以may開(kāi)頭的一般疑問(wèn)句，其否認(rèn)答復(fù)可用cant/ mustnt，應(yīng)選項(xiàng)C正確。C. 以must開(kāi)頭的一般疑問(wèn)句，簡(jiǎn)單肯定答復(fù)用must，簡(jiǎn)單否認(rèn)答復(fù)用neednt或dont have to。neednt 相當(dāng)于dont have to，意為“不必。【例句】Must I stay here

18、? 我必須呆在這兒?jiǎn)?？Yes, you must. / No, you neednt/ dont have to. 是的，必須。/ 不，你不必。狀元典例Dad, must I finish my homework today?No, you _. You may do it tomorrow.A. neednt B. mustnt C. dont D. wont答案：A思路分析：以must開(kāi)頭的一般疑問(wèn)句，其簡(jiǎn)單否認(rèn)答復(fù)用neednt或dont have to。閱讀各選項(xiàng)可知A項(xiàng)正確。D. 以need開(kāi)頭的一般疑問(wèn)句，簡(jiǎn)單肯定答復(fù)用must，簡(jiǎn)單否認(rèn)答復(fù)用neednt?！纠洹縉eed I r

19、eturn the book? 我需要還書(shū)嗎？Yes, you must. / No, you neednt. 是的，你必須。/ 不，不必。狀元典例 Need I go there with you?Yes, you _.A. can B. must C. need D. may答案：B思路分析：閱讀題干可知問(wèn)句是以need開(kāi)頭的一般疑問(wèn)句，其簡(jiǎn)單肯定答復(fù)用must。應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。三、狀元筆記1. 注意各情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的含義。can/ could 可以；可以 may/ might 可以 must/ have to 必須 need 需要；有必要should 應(yīng)該；應(yīng)當(dāng) would 可以；是否可以2. 注意

20、各情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否認(rèn)式的含義。cant 不能，不會(huì)，不可以may not 不可以mustnt 制止，嚴(yán)禁來(lái)源:1ZXXKneednt不必，不用 shouldnt不應(yīng)該3. 注意情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的簡(jiǎn)單否認(rèn)答復(fù)形式。can cant; maycant/ mustnt; must neednt/ dont have to；need neednt4. 注意個(gè)別情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法區(qū)別。can, be able to must, have to1. 北京_ you swim?Yes, but Im not a good swimmer.A. Can B. May C. Need D. Must答案：A思路分析：根據(jù)答語(yǔ)“

21、是的，但我不是一個(gè)游泳好手可知問(wèn)句詢(xún)問(wèn)“你會(huì)游泳嗎？，應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。can表示“才能。may表示征詢(xún)答應(yīng)；need意為“需要；有必要；must意為“必須。2. 江蘇蘇州We hope that as many people as possible _ join us for the charity show tomorrow. A. need B. can C. must D. should答案：B思路分析：need意為“需要；有必要；can意為“能；會(huì)；可以；must意為“必須；should意為“應(yīng)當(dāng)；應(yīng)該。句意“我們希望盡可能多的人可以參加明天的慈善展。3. 山西太原May I take my

22、 pet dog with me into the cinema?來(lái)源:1ZXXKThe rule says no. So you _.A. can B. mustnt C. may答案：B思路分析：根據(jù)答語(yǔ)中的“規(guī)那么上不允許可知“不允許帶寵物狗進(jìn)電影院。閱讀選項(xiàng)，只有B項(xiàng)表示否認(rèn)，應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。4. 阜康Im a little tired. Lets go to the zoo by taxi.We _take a taxi. Its not far from here.A. cant B. mustnt C. couldnt D. neednt答案：D思路分析：A項(xiàng)意為“不能；不會(huì)；不可以；

23、mustnt意為“一定不要；couldnt意為“不能；不會(huì)；不可以；neednt意為“不必。根據(jù)答語(yǔ)中的“離這兒不遠(yuǎn)可知“我們不必乘出租車(chē)。應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。5. 江蘇蘇州I dont care what my teachers think.Well, you _.A. should B. would C. could D. might答案：A思路分析：B，C，D三項(xiàng)都可表示委婉的語(yǔ)氣，在答語(yǔ)中一般不用。should意為“應(yīng)當(dāng)。句意為“我不在乎我的老師們?cè)趺聪?。哦，你?yīng)該在乎。6. 河南Its such a long way! What shall I do?You _ take my car if you want.A. will B. must C. may D. shall來(lái)源:1答案：C思路分析：will, shall 表示將來(lái)的意愿；must意為“必須“一定；may意為“可以。根據(jù)答語(yǔ)句意“假如你愿意的話(huà)，你可以坐我的車(chē)。故C項(xiàng)符合句意。7. 廣西梧州This is a secret between you and me. You _ tell it to others.A. should