常用詞匯和短語(yǔ)

1、常用詞匯和短語(yǔ)辨析1.about;around; round做副詞時(shí)都含有“四處”、“遍地”的意思。about系常用詞，如：look about 四處看。around具有about的基本意思，因此look about=look around。但在下列短語(yǔ)里around沒(méi)有about正式，如：travel around 各處旅行。round和around在非正式用法中可以互換，但一般用round時(shí)更簡(jiǎn)練。在正式用于中，一般用round指“旋轉(zhuǎn)”，而用around指“處處”，“到處”。l另外，英國(guó)人用round的地方，美國(guó)人傾向于用around,如：Winter comes round. (BE.

2、)lWinter comes around. (AE.)l即學(xué)即練l用around, round和about填空：l1.She turned_ at such a noise.l2.I have been looking for it all _.l3.They looked_, but saw nothing.round/aroundaroundabout/aroundl2.above all; after all; at all; in alllabove all意為“尤其是”、“首先”、“最重要的是”，常位于句首或句中，做插入語(yǔ)，起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。lafter all意為“畢竟”、“終究”、“

3、終歸”、“到底”，在句子位置較靈活?？晌挥诰涫?、句中或句末。lat all用于否定句時(shí)，意為“絲毫；根本”;用于疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，意為“究竟，到底”；用于條件句時(shí)，常譯為“當(dāng)真，實(shí)在”。用于肯定句中，表示說(shuō)話人的某種情緒或情感（如懷疑或驚奇等），意為“竟然”等。in all意為“總共，共計(jì)”。l1.A clock must_ keeps good time.l2._,your birthday is only two weeks away.l3.He is,_, a small child.l4. He doesnt like you_.l5.I was surprised at his coming

4、_.l6.There are 50 students _in our class.above allAfter allafter allat allat allin alll3.add; add to; addto; add up toladd作“加，增加”解時(shí)，既可作及物動(dòng)詞，又可用作不及物動(dòng)詞；作“又說(shuō)，補(bǔ)充說(shuō)”解時(shí)，與直接或間接引語(yǔ)連用。ladd to意為“增添，增加，增進(jìn)”。laddto意為“把加到”,是把前一項(xiàng)加到后一項(xiàng)之后或之中。ladd up to意為“加起來(lái)總共是/累計(jì)得”，該短語(yǔ)不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。即學(xué)即練1.If the tea is too strong,_ some mor

5、e hot water.2.After a short while, he_ that he would try his best.3. The bad weather _our difficulties.4._two to seven, and you will get nine.5. All his school education _no more than one year.addaddedadded toAddadded up to4.affair; thing; matter; businessaffair 意為“事情、事件”，含義較廣，泛指已做或待做的事；復(fù)數(shù)affairs一般指

6、商業(yè)事務(wù)及政府的日常事務(wù)，如財(cái)政管理、外交事務(wù)等。thing 意為“事情、事物”，不管大事小事、好事壞事均稱為thing,一般不能專指事務(wù)；復(fù)數(shù)things還可做“形勢(shì)” 解。matter側(cè)重指須留心的要事或問(wèn)題、難題。lbusiness作“事務(wù)、事情”解時(shí)，一般不能用復(fù)數(shù)，常常指所指派的任務(wù)、責(zé)任；有時(shí)說(shuō)的是指派的工作或商業(yè)上的買賣活動(dòng)。l即學(xué)即練1.I wanted the celebration to be a simple family_.2. Word/international/business_.3. Its a _ of time before they bring out t

7、heir own products.4. Lets get down to _at once-well stop to have a rest.affairaffairsmatterbusiness5. a great deal; a great deal ofa great deal 既可用作名詞，意為“大量，許多”,做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)；又可以用作副詞，意為“很”或“非?！?，做狀語(yǔ)，修飾動(dòng)詞或用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)比較級(jí)。a great deal of意為“大量的”，“非常多的”，相當(dāng)于much, 作定語(yǔ)，后接不可數(shù)名詞。即學(xué)即練1._has been studied and this is the best

8、way.2.We are _cleverer than before.3. _time/money/energy has been spent on the project.A great deala great dealA great deal of6. agree on; agree to; agree with; agree thatagree on 作“就取得一致意見”解。agree to有兩層含義和用法：其一是to作為動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)，其后跟動(dòng)詞原形，作“同意（答應(yīng)）做某事”解。其二是to作為介詞，之后跟表示“計(jì)劃/條件/建議”等一類的名詞或代詞。lagree with作“同意某人的意

9、見”解，其后可跟表示人的名詞或代詞，也可跟表示“意見”或“說(shuō)的話”的名詞或從句。lagree that作“認(rèn)為”解，其后跟賓語(yǔ)從句。l即學(xué)即練1. We _ what he said at the meeting.2.The building of a new car factory was _ last month.agreed withagreed onl3. I _ your composition is very good.l4. My father _buy a new pen for me.l5. They have _ our plan?l6. He _ my opinions.

10、agreed thatagreed toagreed toagreed with7. allow; permit; letl三者均可作“允許”解，但各有側(cè)重：allow和permit在許多情況下可以通用，但permit較allow正式，含有“積極地、從正面允許”的意義。Allow重在“允許”或“容許”，偏重默許，也可表示客氣的請(qǐng)求。注：allow和permit常用于allow/permit sb. to do sth.或 allow/permit doing sth.結(jié)構(gòu)中。let 作“允許”或“讓”解，主要用于口語(yǔ)，一般可與allow互換。作“允許”解時(shí)，常暗含“聽任”、“默許”之意；作“讓

11、”解時(shí)，常含“祈使”或“建議”之意。注意：let之后作賓補(bǔ)的不定式不帶to,且不可用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，而allow則相反。即學(xué)即練l1.Dogs are not _ in the parks in Beijing.l2.The rules of the club do not _lSmoking.l3.He _me to take his dictionary.l4. Will you _me to use your bike?l5. Please_ me walk with you.l(= Please _me to walk with you.)permittedpermitallowedall

12、owletallow8.although; though; as三者均可表示“盡管；雖然”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。although用法較正式，語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)；though較常用； as則主要用于倒裝句。它們的用法有如下幾點(diǎn)值得注意：狀語(yǔ)從句由although, though或as引導(dǎo)，主句之前不可有but, and, so, however等并列連詞，但可有yet或still等副詞。although與though常可互換。 as表示“盡管；雖然”，只能用于倒裝句，即：將表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞放在as之前。注意：如果表語(yǔ)是單數(shù)名詞，要省略a。though也可這么用。though可以放在句末，表示“但是，然而

13、”，although卻不能。lalthough只能來(lái)陳述“事實(shí)”，不能表示“假設(shè)”。l因此可以說(shuō)even though“即使”、as thoughl“好像=as if”,不能說(shuō)even although或 as although。l即學(xué)即練l1. I believe you are on dutyeven _ youre in plain clothes.l2. _he believes it, yet he will not act.thoughAlthough/Thoughl3. Young _ he is, he knows a lot.l4. Child _he is, he can

14、speak two foreign languages.l5. They said they would come; they did not,_.as/thoughas/thoughthough10. eager; anxious; curiouseager意為“渴望的”，指有進(jìn)取精神，急于求成的亢奮情緒或不耐煩心理。常構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)：be eager for sth.(= be anxious for sth.)渴望某物，急切想要某物； be eager to do sth.(=be anxious to do sth.)渴望做某事anxious著重指失望或不能得到所希望的東西而感到不安。常用于

15、以下短語(yǔ)：be anxious for sth. 渴望某物be anxious to do sth.渴望去做某事be anxious about sth.為而擔(dān)憂lbe anxious for sb. to do sth.渴望某人做某事lcurious意為“好奇”，常用短語(yǔ)：be curious about sth.對(duì)好奇l即學(xué)即練l1.My mother often gets a bit _ if we dont arrive when we say we will.l2.Little Tom was _about robot when he visited the Science Muse

16、um.l3. I was _to see my sister as soon as she got to the airport.anxiouscuriouseager/anxious11.argue; debate; dispute都含“辯論”的意思。argue著重“說(shuō)理”，“論證”和“企圖說(shuō)服”。debate著重“雙方各述己見”，內(nèi)含“交鋒”之意。dispute指“激烈爭(zhēng)辯”，含有“相持不下”或“未得解決”之意。即學(xué)即練1.I _ with her for a long time, but she refused to listen to my reason.2.We have been

17、_about the issue.3.Whether he will be elected as chairman is still_.argueddebatingdisputed12.argue;quarrel; discuss這三個(gè)動(dòng)詞均有“爭(zhēng)”的意思，但“爭(zhēng)”法不同。argue著重就自己的看法或觀點(diǎn)，提出論證，同他人“爭(zhēng)論”或“辯論”。argue同with搭配，其后接人；與about連用，其后接事物。quarrel是指對(duì)某事不喜歡或強(qiáng)烈不滿而發(fā)生的“爭(zhēng)吵”或“吵架”。同with搭配，其后接某人；和about連用，其后接某事。discuss是指認(rèn)真交換自己的意見或看法的“討論”。即學(xué)即練1

18、.We_ with them about this problem for a long time.2. He often _about their housework with his wife.3.Well _the use of the articles tomorrow.arguedquarrelsdiscuss13. as(so) far as; as(so) long aslas(so) far as的意思是“就而言（所知）”，as(so) far as sth. Is concerned是其中一種具體用法，意為“就某事而言”。las(so) long as 意為“只要”，引導(dǎo)條件

19、狀語(yǔ)從句。即學(xué)即練1._ I know, more than 10 million laid-off workers have found their new jobs.2. There is nothing that we cant do _we keep on trying to do it.3. _the tourism of China is concerned, there is a long way to go.As far asso/as long asAs far as14. asleep; sleeping二者都是形容詞。asleep僅用作表語(yǔ)，不能作定語(yǔ)，表示“睡著，熟睡”

20、的意思。sleeping一般只能用作定語(yǔ)，放在名詞前，表示“睡眠中的，休止的”意思。如：我們不能說(shuō)： an asleep baby,但可以說(shuō)：a sleeping baby(一個(gè)熟睡的嬰兒)。a sleeping dog正在熟睡的狗sleeping car臥車； sleeping bag 睡袋l1. He was _with his head on his arms. (他頭枕著手臂在熟睡。)l2.She bought her baby a _ bag.即學(xué)即練asleepsleeping15. as though; even though; thoughlas though（=as if）意

21、為“好像；似乎”，引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句或表語(yǔ)從句。如：lHe spoke as though (as if) he had been here before.他說(shuō)話的口氣好像以前來(lái)過(guò)這里。leven though（=even if）,意為“即使”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。though也可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“雖然”；even though有退一步設(shè)想的意味，與though不同。though引導(dǎo)的句子所說(shuō)的是事實(shí)，even though引導(dǎo)的句子所說(shuō)的則不一定是事實(shí)。即學(xué)即練l將下面的句子譯成漢語(yǔ)l1. It looks as if (as though) it is going to rain.l2.

22、He will not tell the secret even thoughl(even if) he knows it.l3. He will not tell the secret though he knows it.看起來(lái)好像要下雨。即使他知道這個(gè)秘密，他也不肯說(shuō)出來(lái)。他雖然知道這個(gè)秘密，但他不會(huì)說(shuō)出來(lái)。16. at the beginning; in the beginninglat the beginning在初；在開始的時(shí)候，常與of連用。lStudents usually have a study plan at the beginning of term.lin the b

23、eginning相當(dāng)于at first,表示“起初、開始”時(shí)，含“起初是這種情況，而后來(lái)卻不是這種情況”之意，不與of連用。lIn the beginning, some of us took no interest in physics.即學(xué)即練1.He told his own story in New York_ the meeting.2._, some Chinese students are not interested in learning English.at the beginning ofIn the beginning17. at the age of; by the

24、age ofat the age of 表示“在歲時(shí)”，后面接基數(shù)詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)某一時(shí)刻的情況或動(dòng)作，用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)，作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。At the age of six, he began to learn English.by the age of表示“到歲的時(shí)候”、“在歲以前”，后面接基數(shù)詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)到某一時(shí)刻為止的結(jié)果，用于過(guò)去完成時(shí)或?qū)?lái)完成時(shí)，做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。By the age of sixteen, he had learned to drive a car.即學(xué)即練l1. She learned to play the piano _lten.l2. You will have learned

25、more than 2,000 English words _fourteen.at the age ofby the age of18.at the time; at that time; at one time; at a timelat the time通常用于過(guò)去時(shí)句子中，指某件事情發(fā)生的“當(dāng)時(shí)”、“那時(shí)”。lMany people saw the strange thing happen at the time.l當(dāng)時(shí)，許多人都看到了這件奇怪的事情的發(fā)生。l有時(shí)，at the time的后面可接 “of”短語(yǔ)。這時(shí)，它表示“在（某事態(tài)）發(fā)生的時(shí)候”或“在的時(shí)代”。lIt happen

26、ed at the time of King Alfred.l事情發(fā)生在阿爾弗雷德國(guó)王時(shí)期。lat that time則通常指前文明確提到的某個(gè)時(shí)期、時(shí)候。lat one time=during a period of time in the past “過(guò)去有一段時(shí)期”，“曾經(jīng)”。lThey used to be good friends at one time.lat a time則意為“一次”，表示一個(gè)時(shí)間單位。它常與表示數(shù)量的詞語(yǔ)連用，表示頻率。lTake the medicine three times a day and three pieces at a time.即學(xué)即練l1.

27、 Were you in San Francisco_ of the big earthquake?l2.In the 17th century much corn was grown in Tibet and Sichuan. _ the land along the Changjiang River was becoming very crowded.l3. Dont speak all at once. One _, please.l4. There used to be an old church in the small village_.at the timeAt that tim

28、eat a timeat one time19. atspeed; withspeedlat the speed of 或者atspeed, 意為“以的速度”。l而當(dāng)speed被all, lightning,great等修飾時(shí)，介詞應(yīng)用with。我們可用一句話口訣來(lái)幫助記憶：l都（all）以閃電般（lightning）大（great）的速度行駛。即學(xué)即練l1. Our car was running _all speed on the expressway. 2. The Long March No. 2 Rocket sent up the satellite into space _ th

29、e speed of 11.2 kilometers per second.withat20. as; because; since; forl這四個(gè)詞都是表示原因或理由的連接詞，但是as, because, since是從屬連詞，引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，for是并列連詞，所引導(dǎo)的不是原因狀語(yǔ)從句，而是表示理由的對(duì)等句子，是對(duì)前面所講內(nèi)容補(bǔ)充和說(shuō)明。在語(yǔ)氣上由強(qiáng)至弱依次為because since as for。lbecause引導(dǎo)的從句多置于句末，表示直接的原因或理由，表示產(chǎn)生那種結(jié)果的必然的因果關(guān)系，在回答why的提問(wèn)時(shí)，必須用because作答。las 與since引導(dǎo)的從句多置于句首，不過(guò)a

30、s表示十分明顯的原因，只說(shuō)明一般的因果關(guān)系，可譯為“因?yàn)?、由于”；而since則表示稍加分析、對(duì)方已知的原因，一般可譯為“既然”。For引導(dǎo)的從句一般放在句末，其前用逗號(hào)，它所敘述的理由是間接的，即推測(cè)性理由，或是對(duì)前面敘述的事實(shí)或看法的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。即學(xué)即練l1. We stayed at home _ it rained.l2. _everyone is here, lets start.l3. _ he was not feeling well, I decided to go there alone.l4. There must be nobody in the classroom,l_

31、the light is off.becauseSinceAsfor21. believe; believe inlbelieve作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其后可跟名詞，表示“相信”；后接從句或復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，表示“認(rèn)為；料想；相信”等。lI believe what he says. 我相信他的話。lbelieve in 是一個(gè)動(dòng)介型短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，表示“信奉；信仰”（指對(duì)某種思想、主張、觀念、行動(dòng)具有信心）和“信任（have trust in）”。lbelieve 和believe in后均可接表示人的名詞或代詞，但含義不同。lI believe in him. (I think he is a trustwo

32、rthy man.)lI believe him. (I believe what he says.)l即學(xué)即練l1. I _that he will succeed.l2. I _ having plenty of exercise.l3. They _ God.believebelieve inbelieve in22. belief; faith; trust; confidencel都含有“相信”的意思。lbelief指“承認(rèn)某事是真的，盡管有或沒(méi)有確鑿的證據(jù)”，如：belief in ghost lfaith 指 “認(rèn)為有確鑿證據(jù)或道理而完全相信”，如：I have faith in

33、 his ability to succeed.l我相信他有成功的能力。ltrust指 “信賴、信任”，含有“堅(jiān)定的信念”的意思，如： enjoy the trust of the peoplel得到人民的信任lconfidence 指“在有證據(jù)的基礎(chǔ)上相信”，也常指“自信”、“有把握”，如： She has greatlconfidence in her success.l即學(xué)即練l1. He has a _ in God.l2.She has great _ in me, so I wont let her down.l3.Joyce is interested in computers,

34、 so he has _in computer examination.l4.I _ Mark, so I lent him some money.belieffaithconfidencetrusted23.besides; except; but; except for; apart from; as well as; along with; other thanlbesides, apart from, as well as 和along with用于肯定句中時(shí)，意為“除外（還有）”。lexcept/but意為“除外（不再有）”；lAll of them have seen the fi

35、lm except/but Wu Dong.l除了吳東外，他們都看過(guò)那部影片。lAll of them have seen the film besides/apart from/ as well as/ along with Wu Dong.l除了吳東看過(guò)那部影片外，他們也都看過(guò)了。lexcept后接名詞、代詞、-ing或不定式時(shí)，可以與but互換；except后接副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般不能為but所替換。lIll do everything except/but cook.lThis window is never opened except in summer.除了在夏天，這個(gè)窗子從不打

36、開。lexcept for 表示“除了某一點(diǎn)”，排除的不是同類人或物；而except排除的是同類的人或物。lToms quite good-looking except his nose.l湯姆除了鼻子外，哪點(diǎn)兒都好看。lWe all have already been to Beijing except Meimei.l除了梅梅外，我們都已經(jīng)去過(guò)北京。lother than一般用于否定句，表示“除了外（不再有）”。lHe has no close friends other than Jack.l除了杰克外，他沒(méi)有別的知心朋友。l用在否定句中， but, except, besides和ot

37、her than一般可以互換。lThere arent any other people to do the work except/but/besides/ other than you.即學(xué)即練l1. I have learnt two other foreign languages _French.l2.We all took part in the party _ Tom lbecause he was ill then.l3. He has no choice _lto study hard.l4. There is nothing in the room _l_a large ta

38、ble.besides/apart from/as well as/along withexceptbut/except/other thanbesides/butexcept/ other than24.be anxious to; be anxious for; be anxious about; be anxious thatlbe anxious to do sth. 急于/渴望做某事lbe anxious for +名詞/代詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)渴望得到某物或渴望了解某事；后接sb. to do sth.時(shí)，表示“渴望某人能做某事”。lbe anxious about 對(duì)感到不安/擔(dān)心/憂慮lbe

39、 anxious that+從句（從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須用虛擬語(yǔ)氣）。即學(xué)即練l1. I _the result of the examination.l2. We _know the result of the examination.l3.We_Mr. Liu to help us with our English.l4. Mr. Li _ a new car.l5.They _ arrive home before dark.l6.We_she could do her best.am anxious about/forare anxious toare anxious foris anxio

40、us forare anxious toare anxious that25.be known as/for/ to/inlbe known as +身份/職業(yè) “作為而著名”lLiu Huan is known as a singer.lbe known for+特點(diǎn)/特長(zhǎng) “因而著名”lMr. Geldof is well-known for organizing two big pop concerts on the same day.lbe known to其后接表示人的詞語(yǔ)，“為所了解/知道”?！埃ㄈ藗兌迹┲馈?，其后接動(dòng)詞原形。lHe was known to have inven

41、ted many things.l=It was known that he had invented many things.lbe known in 在某地很著名lHe is well-known in the town where he was born.即學(xué)即練1.Were sure youll _an artist.2.Guilin _her beautiful mountains and rivers.3. He_ all in our village at the moment.4.Lu Xun _ Shaoxing of Zhejiang province.be well-kn

42、own asis known foris known tois known in26.be made of/in/from/ by /up oflbe made of指從原材料到制成品，只發(fā)生了形狀變化，沒(méi)有發(fā)生本質(zhì)變化（屬物理變化）。lbe made from,指從原材料到制成品，發(fā)生了質(zhì)的變化，已無(wú)法復(fù)原（屬化學(xué)變化）。lbe made in +時(shí)間/地點(diǎn), “某物何時(shí)制造的、某地生產(chǎn)某物”。lbe made by+動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者 “由制成”lbe made up of“由構(gòu)成/組成”,強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)由兩部分或兩個(gè)以上的部分構(gòu)成或組成。即學(xué)即練l1.This bike _ Tianjin.l2.

43、This table _wood.l3. The car _1999.l4. Paper _ wood.l5. The kite _ my mother.l6. The team _ten members.was made inis made ofwas made inis made fromwas made byis made up of27.be used for/ as/ bylbe used for表示“被用作”或“被用來(lái)做”,后面接名詞或v.-ing,其中for表示目的。lbe used as表示“作為而用”或“用作”,l后面接名詞或動(dòng)詞不定式，強(qiáng)調(diào)使用的工具及手段。be used

44、by表示“由使用”，后面接指人的名詞或代詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)使用者。即學(xué)即練l1. A telephone _betterlcommunication(交流).l2.The motorbike_ Liu Ming.l3. A ruler _ often _a knife by him to cut a piece of paper open.is used foris used byisused as28. be pleased with sb.be pleased at/about sth./doing sth./ to do lbe pleased with sb. 對(duì)滿意；喜歡lbe pleased

45、 at/about sth./doing sth l對(duì)（看到或聽到的）事感到高興lbe pleased to do sth. 很高興或很樂(lè)意做某事即學(xué)即練l1. The manager_ you before.l2.My boss must _see you again in Hong Kong.l3.I _seeing so many students present.l4. I hear Mr. Zhao _your article.lwas pleased withbe pleased toam pleased at/aboutis pleased at/ about29.be to d

46、o sth.; be about to do sth.;be going to do sth.lbe to do sth. 表示按計(jì)劃或安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，后可跟時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。lYoure to hand in your papers by 10 oclock.l十點(diǎn)鐘以前你得交上試卷。lbe about to do sth.表示打算或安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，它通常不與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。lI was about to go out when someone knocked at the door.lBe going to do sth.有三層含義：l1）表示打算、計(jì)劃或決定要做某事。lWere going

47、 to spend our holidays in Wales this year.l2)用以表示某事物即將發(fā)生或很可能發(fā)生。lIm going to be twenty next month.l3）有跡象表明即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。lLook at those black clouds, there is going to be a storm.即學(xué)即練l將下列句子譯成英語(yǔ)。l1.天黑之前我必須到達(dá)目的地。（be to do）l2.我正要去上班，這時(shí)電話鈴響了。（be about to do）l3.明年我們將完成這項(xiàng)工程。（be going to do）I was to reach the d

48、estination before darkness.I was about to go to work when the telephone rang.We are going to complete the project next year.30.beat; strike; hitlstrike通常表示“打一下、打若干下”，不一定都是有意的；還有“打動(dòng)，使著迷，某種想法突然閃現(xiàn)在腦海里”的含義；也可指“打、擦出（火），（蛇、獸）抓，或（鐘）敲響”。lhit指“打中”或“對(duì)準(zhǔn)來(lái)打”，“敲打或打擊對(duì)方的某一點(diǎn)”。lbeat 著重“連續(xù)地打擊”。如：毆打或體罰；也指在游戲、競(jìng)賽或戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中擊敗對(duì)方

49、；也指“心跳”。即學(xué)即練1.I could always _my brother at chess.2. He is still alive-I can feel his heart _.3.She _him playfully over the head with newspaper.4. We were _ by the generosity of even the poorest citizens.5. A snowball _ him on the back of the head.beatbeatinghitstruckstruck31.blame;scold; accuselbla

50、me“責(zé)備；責(zé)怪”，指某人應(yīng)對(duì)自己不好的行為負(fù)責(zé)（常與for連用）,或?qū)⒛臣缓玫氖虑闅w咎于他人（常與on或uopn連用），往往含有把自己當(dāng)作評(píng)判人來(lái)評(píng)判某事，沒(méi)有用言語(yǔ)來(lái)進(jìn)行責(zé)罵的意思。例如：lHe blamed Tom for the failure.lscold “責(zé)罵”，指嘮嘮叨叨地?cái)?shù)說(shuō)某人，多用于上級(jí)對(duì)下級(jí)、長(zhǎng)輩對(duì)晚輩的“責(zé)罵”。例如：lI hate to scold , son, but you mustnt stay out so late at night.Accuse “責(zé)備，譴責(zé)，控告”，語(yǔ)氣較重，常用結(jié)構(gòu)為accuse sb. of (doing) sth. 譴責(zé)某人做了

51、某事或控告某人做了某事Are you accusing me of lying to the boss?你在譴責(zé)我對(duì)老板撒謊嗎？即學(xué)即練1.Dont _ it on him, but on me.2.Dont _ the child. Its not his fault.3.Tom _me of stealing his computer when he was out.4. The vase was broken while I was away, so I dont know who to _.blamescoldaccusedblame32.blow down; blow in; blo

52、w off; blow overblow down 表示“吹到”、“刮倒”。blow in 表示“吹進(jìn)”、“吹入”。blow off表示“吹掉”、“炸掉”、“發(fā)泄”。blow over表示“暴風(fēng)雨吹散”、“過(guò)去”、“結(jié)束”。即學(xué)即練l1. The high winds yesterday _lthousands of trees.l2.We sometimes had quarrels, but they soon _.l3. I had my hat _.l4. A lot of dust _. You must clear it away.blew downblew overblown o

53、ffhas blown in33.break up/down/out/into/in/away/throughbreak up表示“打碎”、“變壞”、“分解”、“終止”、“破裂”。break down表示“瓦解”、“分解”、“失敗”、“出故障”、“破壞”、“拆毀”。break out表示“爆發(fā)”、“突然發(fā)生”。break into表示“強(qiáng)行進(jìn)入”、“闖入”、“破門而入”、“打斷（談話、討論）”、“突然來(lái)”。lbreak in表示“闖入”、“打斷”、“插嘴”，其中in是副詞。lbreak away表示“脫逃”、“脫離”、“突然離開”、“隔出”、“戒除”，常與from連用。lbreak throu

54、gh表示“戰(zhàn)勝”、“突圍”、“穿過(guò)而出現(xiàn)”、“突破”。即學(xué)即練1.He said his computer_.2.Those old cars will be _for scrap(廢鐵).3. Last night somebody _ Mr. Browns house and took away many things.4.A fire _after we had gone home.5. The boy often _while his parents are speaking.had broken downbroken upbroken intobroke outbreaks in即學(xué)

55、即練6. You must _from bad habits.7. After the heavy rain the sun _The clouds.8. A thief _ and stole a lot of things last night.9. Tom _ the motor bike which he bought five years ago.10. The ice began to _ on the river.break awaybroke throughbroke inbroke downbreak up34. bring on/in/out/down/back/upbri

56、ng on使發(fā)生；引起；端上（飯菜）。Tom often brings on meals and his brother, Jim picks up the dishes after meals.The sudden cold weather brought on his cold again.bring in表示“把引進(jìn)來(lái)”、“賺入”、“獲利”、“把拿進(jìn)來(lái)”、“吸收”。His new business brings in 1000 dollars.We also brought in some words from English.bring out取出；說(shuō)出；闡明；出版He brought

57、 out his gun and pointed at me.Bring out the meaning more clearly.They have brought out a set of childrens books.bring back 表示“使回想起”、“歸還”、“帶回來(lái)”。bring down表示“使倒下”、“減少”、“降低（價(jià)格、溫度）”。bring up表示“嘔吐出”、“養(yǎng)育”。即學(xué)即練1.Her singing _ memories of my mother.2. They also _some words from their own languages.3. The w

58、ind _a number of trees.4. He _all he had eaten.5.Can you try to get them to _the price?6.All library books must be _before June 25.7.Mr. White _ $500 a week.8.You must manage to _ the temperature.brings backbrought inbrought downbrought upbring downbrought backis bringing inbring down35.broad; wide

59、兩者都表示兩邊或兩點(diǎn)之間的距離；都有“寬的”之意。broad著重某物覆蓋的范圍（如肩、背、胸等的寬），還可表示“寬宏大量”，“廣博的，豐富的”。wide著重指邊沿間相隔的距離大。另外，wide還表示（人、物、形式等）“廣泛的，廣闊的，范圍廣的”。Looking at the new-type camera, the young man with broad shoulders was surprised with his mouth wide open.即學(xué)即練1.She has a very _range of interests.2.We went along a _ carpeted p

60、assage.3.There is _gap between the developed countries and the developing ones.4. Her eyes grew _ in surprise at the exciting news.broadbroadwidewide36. but; however這兩個(gè)連詞都有“但是，可是，然而”之意。but連接兩個(gè)分句或有關(guān)部分，表示轉(zhuǎn)折或邏輯上的對(duì)比關(guān)系，使用最廣，口語(yǔ)中更為常見。We love peace but we are not afraid of war.however轉(zhuǎn)折意為比but弱，連接的兩個(gè)分句或有關(guān)部分的