許地山落花生翻譯賞析張培基 譯

1、.許地山落花生翻譯賞析（張培基 譯）原文：落花生許地山 我們屋后有半畝隙地。母親說(shuō)：“讓它荒蕪著怪可惜，既然稱們那么愛(ài)吃花生，就辟來(lái)做花生園罷?！蔽覀儙祖⒌芎蛶讉€(gè)小丫頭都很喜歡買種的買種，動(dòng)土的動(dòng)土，灌園的灌園；過(guò)不了幾個(gè)月，居然收獲了! 媽媽說(shuō)：“今晚我們可以做一個(gè)收獲節(jié)，也請(qǐng)你們爹爹來(lái)嘗嘗我們的新花生，如何”我們都答應(yīng)了。母親把花生做成好幾樣食品，還吩咐這節(jié)期要在園里的茅亭舉行。 那晚上的天色不大好，可是爹爹也到來(lái)，實(shí)在很難得!爹爹說(shuō)：“你們愛(ài)吃花生么” 我們都爭(zhēng)著答應(yīng)：“愛(ài)!” “誰(shuí)能把花生的好處說(shuō)出來(lái)”。 姊姊說(shuō)：“花生的氣味很美。” 哥哥說(shuō)：“花生可以制油。” 我說(shuō)：“無(wú)論何等人都可

2、以用賤價(jià)買它來(lái)吃；都喜歡吃它。這就是它的好處?！?爹爹說(shuō)：“花生的用處固然很多；但有一樣是很可貴的。這小小的豆不像那好看的蘋果、桃子、石榴，把它們的果實(shí)懸在枝上，鮮紅嫩綠的顏色，令人一望而發(fā)生羨慕的心。它只把果子埋在地的，等到成熟，才容人把它挖出來(lái)。你們偶然看見(jiàn)一棵花生瑟縮地長(zhǎng)在地上，不能立刻辨出它有沒(méi)有果實(shí)，非得等到你接觸它才能知道。” 我們都說(shuō)：“是的。”母親也點(diǎn)點(diǎn)頭。爹爹接下去說(shuō)：“所以你們要像花生，因?yàn)樗怯杏玫?，不是偉大、好看的東西。”我說(shuō)：“那么，人要做有用的人，不要做偉大、體面的人了?！钡f(shuō)：“這是我對(duì)于你們的希望?！?我們談到夜闌才散，所有花生食品雖然沒(méi)有了，然而父親的話現(xiàn)在

3、還印在我心版上。譯文：PeanutsBehind our house there lay half a mu of vacant land. Mother said, “Its a pity to let it lie waste. Since you all like to eat peanuts so much, why not plant some here” That exhilarated us children and our servant girls as well, and soon we started buying seeds, ploughing the land an

4、d watering the plants. We gathered in a good harvest just after a couple of months!Mother said, “How about giving a party this evening to celebrate the harvest and inviting your Daddy to have a taste of our newly-harvested peanuts” We all agreed. Mother made quite a few varieties of goodies out of t

5、he peanuts, and told us that the party would be held in the thatched pavilion on the peanut plot.It looked like rain that evening, yet, to our great joy, father came nevertheless.Night sky is not very good, but the father has come, it is hard to come by.“Do you like peanuts” asked Father. “Yes, we d

6、o!” We vied in giving the answer.“Which of you could name the good things in peanuts” “Peanuts taste good,” said my elder sister.“Peanuts produce edible oil,” said my elder brother.“Peanuts are so cheap,” said I, “that anyone can afford to eat them. Peanuts are everyones favorite. Thats why we call

7、peanuts good.”“Peanuts are so cheap,” said I, “that anyone can afford to eat them. Peanuts are everyones favorite. Thats why we call peanuts good.” “Its true that peanuts have many uses,” said Father, “but theyre most beloved in one respect. Unlike nice-looking apples, peaches and pomegranates, whic

8、h hang their fruit on branches and win peoples instant admiration with their brilliant colours, tiny little peanuts bury themselves underground and remain unearthed until theyre ripe. When you come upon a peanut plant lying curled up on the ground, you can never immediately tell whether or not it be

9、ars any nuts until you touch them.” “Thats true,” we said in unison. Mother also nodded. “So you must take after peanuts,” Father continued, “because theyre useful though not great and nice-looking.”“Then you mean one should be useful rather than great and nice-looking,” I said.“Thats what I expect

10、of you,” Father concluded.We kept chatting until the party broke up late at night. Today, though nothing is left of the goodies made of peanuts, Fathers words remain engraved in my mind.譯文賞析：就原文而言，作者用樸實(shí)的語(yǔ)言記錄了自己生活中的一個(gè)小故事，樸素、清新。而譯文也同樣用簡(jiǎn)單而地道的英語(yǔ)表達(dá)和原文在風(fēng)格上保持了一致。下面節(jié)選文中的片段對(duì)譯文進(jìn)行賞析，并提出一些個(gè)人認(rèn)為需要改進(jìn)之處給以建議。選段一：我們屋

11、后有半畝隙地。母親說(shuō)：“讓它荒蕪著怪可惜，既然稱們那么愛(ài)吃花生，就辟來(lái)做花生園罷?！蔽覀儙祖⒌芎蛶讉€(gè)小丫頭都很喜歡買種的買種，動(dòng)土的動(dòng)土，灌園的灌園；過(guò)不了幾個(gè)月，居然收獲了! 譯文：Behind our house there lay half a mu of vacant land. Mother said, “Its a pity to let it lie waste. Since you all like to eat peanuts so much, why nothave them planted here.” That exhilarated us children and o

12、ur servant girls as well, and soon we started buying seeds, ploughing the land and watering the plants. We gathered in a good harvest just after a couple of months!分析：優(yōu)點(diǎn)：1. “屋后”從邏輯上講應(yīng)該是房子的“后面”，用“Behind”，較為準(zhǔn)確，但有人將其譯為“At the back of”則表示房間的“后部”。2. “有一畝空地”用“l(fā)ay”更具動(dòng)感，通常人們會(huì)將其譯成there be 句型。同時(shí)譯文用Its a pity

13、to do sth符合英語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣，且to let it lie waste地道而樸實(shí)地表達(dá)出了原文的意思。3. 譯文用why not 表示一種商量的語(yǔ)氣，有的譯文用lets do sth句式則沒(méi)有這種商量的語(yǔ)氣，且顯得平淡。4. 譯文將“我們姐弟幾個(gè)” 譯為“us children”簡(jiǎn)潔精練，若譯為 my brother, sister and I則顯得比較冗長(zhǎng)繁瑣。5. 原文有破折號(hào)，但譯文用and soon 來(lái)代替，準(zhǔn)確的傳達(dá)了原文的含義。6. 中文喜用排比，或者“有的有的”句式，但英文忌重復(fù)，故譯者用we 代替some some others 顯然更加符合英文的表達(dá)習(xí)慣，雖然在表意的準(zhǔn)

14、確性上會(huì)有一點(diǎn)欠缺，但這樣的取舍更易于譯語(yǔ)受眾理解。7. 譯者在started之后用buying, ploughing, watering三個(gè)動(dòng)詞的-ing形式，突顯出我們忙忙碌碌的景象。8. 翻譯本段最后一句時(shí)，譯文使用we gathered in a good harvest just after既簡(jiǎn)練又把“居然收獲”的驚喜表達(dá)出來(lái)了。不足：1. “愛(ài)吃花生”應(yīng)該表達(dá)的是一種習(xí)慣，而like to eat一般表示某次心血來(lái)潮的想法。因此，建議用like eating/ enjoy eating。2. 譯文用servant girls可能引起歧義，因servant girls多用于表示丫環(huán)，

15、但是“小丫頭”未必就是丫環(huán)，可能是其他的小女孩。建議刪去servant girls。3. 就“開(kāi)辟出來(lái)種花生吧”一句，譯文have hem planted here.顯得過(guò)于簡(jiǎn)單。從上下文來(lái)看，母親應(yīng)該是想很好的利用這塊地來(lái)種花生。建議改成why not make full use of it and plant some peanuts或?yàn)槭棺g文更簡(jiǎn)潔更口語(yǔ)化，可直接改為why not plant some here選段二：媽媽說(shuō)：“今晚我們可以做一個(gè)收獲節(jié)，也請(qǐng)你們爹爹來(lái)嘗嘗我們的新花生，如何”我們都答應(yīng)了。母親把花生做成好幾樣食品，還吩咐這節(jié)期要在園里的茅亭舉行。 那晚上的天色不大好，可

16、是爹爹也到來(lái)，實(shí)在很難得!譯文：Mother said, “How about giving a party this evening to celebrate the harvest and invite your Daddy to have a taste of our newly-harvested peanuts” We all agreed. Mother made quite a few varieties of goodies out of the peanuts, and told us that the party would be held in the thatched

17、pavilion on the peanut plot. It looked like rain that evening, yet, to our great joy, Father came nevertheless.分析：優(yōu)點(diǎn)：1. 在母親說(shuō)要做收獲節(jié)的時(shí)候，譯文用了How about 和invite 顯得母親說(shuō)話比較溫和。而有的譯文用Let us，ask，What do you say，雖然符合原文不增不減，但卻顯得母親語(yǔ)氣生硬，沒(méi)有了慈愛(ài)的意味。2. 在表達(dá)“收獲節(jié)”時(shí)，譯者用“party”更為準(zhǔn)確，很多譯者會(huì)想當(dāng)然的用“festival”而使表達(dá)不夠精確。3. 在表示“新”花生時(shí)，

18、譯文用newly-harvested地道地表達(dá)出了原文的意思，若用fresh等其它詞來(lái)表示，則難免牽強(qiáng)。4. 表達(dá)“母親把花生做成好幾樣食品”譯文用made quite a few varieties of goodies貼切自然，另外goodies指“好吃的東西”，常用于口語(yǔ)也復(fù)合整篇文章的風(fēng)格。漢語(yǔ)中“把”字有多種含義，這里可以理解為“利用”，故譯文使用make sth. Out of sth準(zhǔn)確的表達(dá)出了原文的含義。5. 漢語(yǔ)多用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，英語(yǔ)多為被動(dòng)，故在譯“這節(jié)期要在園里的茅亭舉行”時(shí)，譯者用the party would be held in譯出，符合英語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。6. “天色不

19、大好”是地道的漢語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)，譯為it looked like rain 則是地道的英語(yǔ)表達(dá)，且符合原意。7. 翻譯最后一句“可是爹爹也到來(lái)，實(shí)在很難得!”譯文用了joy father nevertheless表達(dá)出一種喜悅的心情。選段三：爹爹說(shuō)：“你們愛(ài)吃花生么” 我們都爭(zhēng)著答應(yīng)：“愛(ài)!” “誰(shuí)能把花生的好處說(shuō)出來(lái)”。 姊姊說(shuō)：“花生的氣味很美。” 哥哥說(shuō)：“花生可以制油。” 我說(shuō)：“無(wú)論何等人都可以用賤價(jià)買它來(lái)吃；都喜歡吃它。這就是它的好處。” 譯文：“Do you like peanuts” asked Father. “Yes, we do!” We vied in giving the a

20、nswer.“Which of you could name the good things in peanuts” “Peanuts taste good,” said my elder sister.“Peanuts produce edible oil,” said my elder brother. “Peanuts are so cheap,” said I, “that anyone can afford to eat them. Peanuts are everyones favorite. Thats why we call peanuts good.”分析：優(yōu)點(diǎn)：1. 這是一

21、段父親和孩子們之間的對(duì)話，“爭(zhēng)著答應(yīng)”用vied in giving the answer更加有動(dòng)感，表現(xiàn)出了孩子們的活潑。2. “把花生的好處說(shuō)出來(lái)”用name the good也顯然比直接更加靈活流暢。有譯者將其翻譯成what the peanut is good for，在句子中套從句，不符合口語(yǔ)化表達(dá)。3. 當(dāng)翻譯“氣味很美”時(shí)譯者將其活譯成更加通俗的“好吃” ，且用taste good則是地道的英語(yǔ)表達(dá)。4. 在翻譯“我”的話時(shí)，譯者增譯了“花生很便宜”：Peanuts are so cheap,但也有譯者用inexpensive代替cheap。但是inexpensive(adj.)

22、, 表示 low priced; not expensive 主要表示“廉價(jià)的,不貴的”。而Cheap: (adj.) low in price;worth more than the cost offering good value則有更多意思“廉價(jià)的,實(shí)惠的，價(jià)錢好的”從上下文來(lái)看譯者用cheap更確切。同時(shí)，譯者用Peanuts做主語(yǔ)，使句子地道流暢。5. 譯者用Peanuts are everyones favorite.這一靜態(tài)表達(dá)代替原文“都喜歡吃它”這一動(dòng)態(tài)表達(dá)，更符合英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣，更生動(dòng)貼切。6. 最后表示“這就是它的好處”，譯文中Thats why we call peanuts good更注意人物語(yǔ)言的口語(yǔ)化。不足：表示“花生人人吃得起”，個(gè)人認(rèn)為用afford it比譯文用afford to eat them更加簡(jiǎn)潔。選段四：爹爹說(shuō)：“花生的用處固然很多；但有一樣是很可貴的。這小小的豆不像那好看的蘋果、桃子、石榴，把它們的果實(shí)懸在枝上，鮮紅嫩綠的顏色，令人一望而發(fā)生羨慕的心。它只把果子埋在地的，等