英語國際音標練習題

1、語音的基本常識1 .關(guān)于語音的幾個概念1.1） 字母：語言的書寫形式。元音字母a, e, i（y）, o, u,2）音標：詞的語音形式。3）音素：音的最小的單位。中有 48音素。4）音節(jié)：由元音和輔音構(gòu)成的發(fā)音單位。ap'ple, stu'dent, tea'cher, un'der'stand5）元音：發(fā)音響亮，是樂音；口腔中氣流不收阻礙；是構(gòu)成音節(jié)的主要音。中有20元音。6）輔音：發(fā)音不響亮，是噪音；口腔中氣流受到阻礙；不是構(gòu)成音節(jié)的主要音。中有28輔日。7） 開音節(jié)： a） 輔音+元音+輔音+e name bike home due; b） 輔音+

2、元音 he, go, hi8）閉音節(jié)：a）輔音+元音+輔音 bad, bed, sit, hot, cup; b）元音+輔音it9）重讀音節(jié)：單詞中發(fā)音特別響亮的音節(jié)。2.讀音規(guī)則1）重讀音節(jié)（見元音和輔音的例句）2） 非重讀音節(jié) banana, student, today, after, i orange, secret, evening, very, Monday3 .特殊讀音1）音的連讀：前面的詞以元輔音結(jié)尾，后面的單詞以元音開頭，這樣結(jié)尾的輔音要和開頭的元音連讀。 例如： not at all, half an hour, I love you and all. after all2

3、）失去爆破：輔音爆破音或摩擦音后面跟的是爆破音、破擦音和摩擦等，前面的輔音要失去爆破。例如： good girl, good student, good job, expression, school, extreme3）音的同化：兩個特殊的音碰到一起，會發(fā)出變異成特殊的音。例如：Would you do it? I amglad to meet you. Can't you see it? last year, this year,4）濁化音以sp_, st, sk開頭的單，W青輔音/p/ /t/ /k/分別要發(fā)濁輔音/b/ /d/ /g/。ft.g. spell/spel/ stu

4、dy f stAdlAsky/ski/4 .重音1）單詞重音A）雙音節(jié)詞a）一般在第一個音節(jié)重讀。letter, sorryb）有 a-, be-, de-, re-, res-, in-, im-, en-, em-, es-, ex-, con-, com-, dis-, mis-, pre-, per-, pro-, trans- 等前綴的詞， 第二個音節(jié)是重音。a'bout, be'lieve, ad'dress, de'cide, re'port, con'demn, res'pect,com'pare, in'

5、form, dis'cuss, im'press, mis'take, en'force, pre'pare, em'ploy, per'mit, es'cape,pro'duce, ex'claim,trans'latec）有de-, in-, re-, con-, pre-等前綴的重音與詞義和詞類有關(guān) ，一般名詞的重音在第一個音節(jié) 上， 其它的詞性在第二個音節(jié)上。'record, re'cord; 'insult, in'sult; 'conduct, con&#

6、39;duct; 'presentpre'sent; 'content, con'tentd）有些復(fù)合詞和帶有前綴re-, ex-, un-, pre-, post-,等的詞，有兩個重音。'out'side, 're'tell,'well-'known, 'un'real, 'fifteen, 'Chi'nese, 'pre-'war, 'post-'warB）多音節(jié)詞a）一般倒數(shù)第三個音節(jié)是重音。'difficult, 'co

7、mmunist, 'family, e'conomy,oppor'tunity,de'mocracy.b）有一些雙音節(jié)詞，加了前綴和后綴成了多音節(jié)，但這些詞按原來詞根的重音讀音。'carefully,in'definite, 'comfortable, con'ductor, ac'cording, dis'turbance, 'complicated,es'tablishment,c）詞尾有-eous, -grahpy, -ial, -ian, -ic, -ics, -ience, ient, -

8、ify, -ion, -ious, -ity, ive后綴的詞，重音在這些后綴的前個音節(jié)上。cour'teous, calligraphy, edi'torial, his'torian, peri'odic,mathe'matics, ex'perience,sufficient, i'dentify, translation, re'ligious, curi'osity, protectived）詞尾有 -ain,-ee,-eer,-ese,-ette后綴的詞，重音在該后綴上，而且有一個次重音。enter't

9、ain,emplo'yee, mountai'neer, Japa'nese, ciga'rette2）句子重音A）的節(jié)奏：（輕）-輕-重-車5-（輕）或重-輕-（輕）（輕）重B）句子的長短：是由句子中的重讀詞的數(shù)目決定的，而不是象漢語那樣由句子中的漢字數(shù) 目決定的。C）實詞重讀（副詞重讀），虛詞輕讀（冠詞，單音節(jié)介詞，單音節(jié)連詞，人稱代詞，反代詞，物主代詞，關(guān)系代詞，相互代詞，助動詞，情態(tài)動詞和系動詞beD）實詞不重讀的特殊情況a）實詞第二次出現(xiàn)He thinks of that as a child thinks.b） 一個名詞被第二個名詞修飾I met h

10、er in the railway station.c） 代替詞 Which book do you want? The small one.d）感嘆詞中的 what 和 how What a good day it is! How beautiful she is!e） street 在專有名詞中 Wangfujing Street.f）this 在這些短語中， this morning/afternoon/eveningE）虛詞重讀的特殊情況a）情態(tài)動詞，助動詞和系動詞be在句首，句尾和否定時。Do you like it? Yes, I do. Are you adoctor? Yes,

11、 I am. Can you help me? Yes, I can. I don't like you. He isn't a worker.b）情態(tài)動詞表示可能，驚奇和肯定時。They may come this evening. Can it be five already? Hemust be in the room.c） 介詞在句首和句尾。In the box, he found a letter. He is the person I talked with.d）引導復(fù)合句的連詞在句首。If you wish, I'll visit you. When he

12、 comes, I'll tell him.e）反身代詞表示強調(diào)。He couldn't come himself.英語國際標準音標練習 人首（20 個）12個前元音（4個）i：ie?后元音（5個）a:?：?u：u中元音（3個）?：?雙向8個合口雙元音（5個）ei?uaiau?i集中雙元音（3個）i?u?輔首（28 個）清輔 音（11個）ptkfs8?t?trtsh濁輔 音（17個）bdgvze?d?drdzlmn?jwr/i:/ bee/bi:/ feet/fi:t/ keep/ki:p/ key/ki:/ team/ti:m/ meet/mi:t/i/ it /it/ bi

13、g/big/city / siti/ give/giv/ sick/sik/e/ get/get/ best/best/ text/tekst/ help/help/?/ fat/f?t/ have/h?v/ cat/k?t/ back/b?k/ hat/h?t/a:/ laugh/la:f/ glass/gla:s/ half/ha:f/ farm/fa:m/ park/pa:k/ ?:/ horse/h?: s/ saw/s?: / corn/k?:n/ course/k?:s/ salt/s?:t/ ? / dog/d?g/ pot/p?t/ cost/k?st/ what/w?t/ h

14、onest/?nist/u:/ food/fu:d/ moon/mu:n/ rule/ru:l/ loose/lu:s/ noon/nu:n/u/ book/buk/ put/put/ good/gud/ would/wud/ could/kud/ ? / must/m?st/ does/d?z/ money/m?ni/ ugly/ ?gli/ come/k?m/?:/ nurse/n?:s/ bird/b?:d/ burn/b?:n/ turn/t?:n/ girl/g?:l/? / better/bet?/ never/nev?/ worker/w?:k?/ welcome/welk?m/

15、ei/ may/mei/ name/neim/ game/geim/ eight/eit/ age/ed?/?u/ no/n?u/ home/h?um/ hope/h?up/ wrote/r?ut/ note/n?ut/ pose/p?uz/ai/ eye/ai/ time/taim/ buy/bai/ right/rait/ bike/baik/ kite/kait/au/now/nau/out/aut/how/hau/about/ ? baut/ south/s au 0/ house/haus/?i/ boy/b?i/toy/t?/noise/n?z/ voice/v?is/ point

16、/p?nt/ coin/k?n/boil spoil/i?/ ear/i?/ near/ni?/ idea/aidi?/ hear/hi?/ mere/mi?/ spear/spi?/ £ / air/ £ / tear/te / care/ke / dare/dfair/f e/ there/e £ /u?/ tour/tu?/ poor/pu?/ sure/?u?/ moor/mu?/（停泊）your/ju?/p/pea/pi:/pie/pai/ top/t?p/ cap/k?p/people/pi:pl/pride/praid/b/bee/bi:/by/ba

17、i/buy/bai/black/bl?k/ bear/b"/t/ let/let/ sat/s?t/ feet/fi:t/ team/ti:m/ tide/taid/d/ led/led/ sad/s?d/ feed/fi:d/ do/du:/ dear/di?/k/ lack/l?k/ take/teik/ clock/kl ?k/ class/kla:s/ weekend/wi:kend/g/ big/big/ lag/l?g/ glass/gla:s/ gum/g?m/ good/gud/ guest/gest/f/ face/feis/ fast/fa:st/ leaf/li

18、:f/ surf/s?:f/ favorite/ feiv?rit/v/ very/ veri/ five/faiv/ fever/ fi:v?/ serve/s?:v/ never/ nev?/ 0/ bath/ba: 8/（v 洗澡）thick/ 0ik/ mouth/mau 0/ breath/bre 6/（n 呼吸）thought/ 0?:t/ author/' ? 0?/ truth/tru: 0/e/ the/ e?/ they/eei/ that/e?t/ mother/ m?e?/ thus/ e?s/ then/een/s/ face/feis/ mouse/maus

19、/ cakes/keiks/ caps/k?ps/ likes/laiks/ stops/s?ps/z/ close/kl?uz/ keys/ki:z/ boys/b?iz/ pens/penz/ halves/ha:vz/t?/ catch/k?t?/ cheepf?i:p/ rich/rit?/ watch/wt?/ child/t?aild/ question/kwest?n/teach/ti:t?/ challenge股lind?/d?/ orange/?rid?/ large/la:d?/ juice/d?u:s/ job/d?b/tr/tree/tri:/ try/trai/ tr

20、ue/tru:/ trouble/traubl/ track/tr?k/dr/ dry/drai/ dream/dri:m/ dress/dres/ drink/dri ?k/ hundred/h?ndrid/?/she/?i:/ sharp/?a:p/ fish/fi ?/ shock/?k/ shoe/?u:/?/ pleasure/ple?/ measure/me?/ television/ telivi ?n/ts/ let s/lets/ sports/sp?:ts/ puts/puts/ writes/raits/ seats/si:ts/dz/ hands/h?ndz/ bird

21、s/b?:dz/ friends/freindz/ beds/bedz/ stands/st?ndz/h/ he/ hi:/ hard/ha:d/ him/him/ heard/h?:d/ half/ha:f/l/like/laik/ late/leit/ learn/l?:n/ lead/li:d/ light/lait/m/ my/mai/ more/m?:/ seem/si:m/ meat/mi:t/ mind/maind/ men/men/n/ nice/nais/ wind/waind/ mind/maind/ rain/rein/ fine/fain/?/ sing/si?/ wi

22、ng/wi ?/ ring/ri ?/ long/l?beautiful/bju:t?fl/j/ you/ju:/ few/fju:/ yard/ja:d/ music/mju:zik/ student/stju:dnt/ excuse/ik skju:z/w/ work/w?:k/ way/wei/ well/wel/ what/w?t/ twelve/twelv/ twin/twin/r/ red/red/ road/r?ud/ write/rait/ wrong/r? problem/ pr?bl?m/音標綜合練習1 ./i:/ /i/ /e/ /?/bit/wi:k/di:l/ri?l

23、/kid/dig/kwik/tip/zip/rid/ /wil/ /fil/bitweekdealrealkiddigquicktipziprid will fill/pet/p?k/g?p/k?g/n?g/r?m/b?tl/sed/ h?pi/ten/ /red/pet pack gap cap nag ram battle said happy ten red/setl/ /tr?/ /di bend/settle trash depend2 ./a:/ / ?:/ / ? / /u:/ /u/a:sk/ma:sk/pa:st/fra:ns/?d/l?:n/n?:t/p?:z/f?ks/s

24、?k/askmaskpastFranceoddlawnnaughtpause foxsock/fa:/ /la:d? / /ma:k/ /l?:d/t?:/ /st?:m/p?t/ /kr?p/ /A?/pr?mis/far large mark Lord torch storm pot crop thought promise /huk/ /lu:s/ /sut/ /tuk/ /mud/ / Oru:/pul/ /wud/hookloosesoot took mood throughpullwood3 ./Z /?/ /?/b?z/d?l/h?ri/ /g?lf/ /tr?bl/ /?:n/

25、s?:f/t?:n?/beg?/ /t?k/buss dull hurry gulf trouble earn surf turner begger tuck /k?:b/ /?:k/ /? merik / /s?k?/ /'k?mp7 /s? Vei/ /p?Veid/ /p? h?ps/ curb irk America soccer camper survey pervade perhaps /b?: lesk/m?:dZburlesquemurder3./ei/ /?u/ /ai/ /au/ /?i/keip/ /greit/ /mein/ /pr?p?uz/m?u?i/st?

26、u n/ /?uv?/ /sait/kape great main propose motion stone over sight /raim/ /daut/ /taipist/ /aust/ /m?ist/ /?ist?/ rhyme doubt typist oust moist oyster 4./i?/ /? /u?/vi?/ /? f?2 /d?2 /sk? /bu?n/ /gu?d/'ru?r?l/ /? pi?/ /k?l?mbi?/veer affair dare scare bourn gourd rural appear Colombia /m?ti?ri?l/ /

27、misti?ri?s/ material mysterious 5./ V /e/m?n。/ Bi:f/ /e?t/e?n/ /fei。/ /t?'gee?/ / 8 冰/e?m selvz /month thief that than faith together thank themselves一.找出畫線部分讀音不同的單詞(每題2分，共20分)(?) 1. A. teaB. meatC. weatherD. beach(?) 2. A. backB. fastC. haveD. map(?)3. A. warm B. gardenC. market D. party(?)4. A

28、. school BtoothC. choose D. good(?)5. A. book B.moodyC. lookD. cook(?)6. A. June B.rulerC. putD. menu(?)7. A. push B.funC. sunD. ugly(?)8. A. tiger B.herC. officer D. over(?)9. A. goB.noC. coldD. hot(?).likeB. lionC. pjzzaD. Friday()11. A. tooB. classroom C. broom Dafternoon()12. A. houseSB. spellC. studentD.sister()13. A. colour B. AmericanC. doctorD.licence()14. A. teacherB. seatC. sweaterD. please()15. A. whichB. whoC. whatD. where()16. A. littleB. thingC. whiteD.with()17. A. yellowB. brownC. windowD.know()18. A. worryB. skyC. onlyD. many()19. A. schoolB. chairC. Chi