必修五Module4Grammar

1、-The Passive Voice2 語態(tài)表示的是主語和謂語之間的關(guān)系，當(dāng)句子的主語是謂語動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，主,謂之間的關(guān)系稱為主動(dòng)語態(tài)(the Active Voice);當(dāng)句子的主語是謂語動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，主、謂之間的關(guān)系稱為被動(dòng)語態(tài)(the Passive Voice)。在漢語中常用“被”“由”等詞來表示被動(dòng)語態(tài)。在英語中則用動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式來表示。 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)： be + 過去分詞(+ by S)(+ by S)譯：我們每天學(xué)習(xí)英語。We study English every day.English is studied by us every day. 1. S + Vi.

2、 2. S + Link verb + P.3. S + Vt + O. 4. S + Vt + O + C.5. S + Vt + Oi + Od.eg. The death toll has fallen.eg. Carnival was good for business.eg. But in practice, few drivers respect the rules.eg. The slaves painted their faces white.eg. Sometimes drivers give him a tip.都有被動(dòng)語態(tài)嗎？都有被動(dòng)語態(tài)嗎？PVPVPVPVPVNo!No

3、!PVO + be done + by S.PVO + be done + C + by S.PVOi + be done + Od + by S.Od+ be done + to/for Oi + by S.五種基本句型：五種基本句型：eg. My brother bought me a watch yesterday. PV 1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí): 2.一般過去時(shí):-3. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí): -English is studied by us.English was studied by Mr Li long long ago.English is being studied by us now.is

4、/am/are+donewas/were+done is/am/are+being+done 各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：S + Vt + O.We study English.-Mr Li studied English long long ago.We are studying English now.4. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí) :5.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：-6. 過去完成時(shí):7.一般將來時(shí)： - English was being studied by us at 8:30 last night.English has been studied by us for 5 years up to n

5、ow.English had been studied by us for three years by the endof.I will be helped by him with my English.was/were being+donehave/has been+donehad been+done1)will/shall be +doneWe were studying English at 8:30 last night.We have studied English for 5 years up to now.We had studied English for 3 years b

6、y the end of Junior 3.He will help me with my English.7.一般將來時(shí)：8.將來完成時(shí)：9.含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：French is going to be learnt by us in university.English must be studied hard.2) be going to be donecan/may/mustbe +doneWe are going to learn French in university.We must study English hard.We will have studied Engli

7、sh for 6 years when we graduate from High School.English will have been studied by us for 6 years when we graduate from High School.will/shall have been done1)不及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞短語無被動(dòng)語態(tài)：判斷正誤(True or False) ( ) The price has been risen.( ) The price has risen.( ) The accident was happened last week. ( ) The

8、accident happened last week.要想正確地使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，就須注意哪些動(dòng)詞是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特別是一詞多義的動(dòng)詞往往有兩種用法。解決這一問題唯有在學(xué)習(xí)過程中多留意積累。FTFT不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的情況：不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的情況：2) 系動(dòng)詞無被動(dòng)語態(tài)(主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義）：appear, become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, remain, look, seem, smell, sound, be , stay, taste, turn等 3)有些表示狀態(tài)、歸屬、心理活動(dòng)等的及物動(dòng)詞或短語也沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，如：have(有), own, l

9、ack, hold(容納), contain, fit, wish, agree with(與.一致), cost, mean, arrive at / in,walk into, shake hands, succeed in, suffer from, enter, happen to sb, join, take part in, belong to等 This key just fits the lock. 這把鑰匙正好開這把鎖。The flower smells good.4). 表示主語的某種屬性特征的動(dòng)詞，如：read, write, cut, draw, sell, wash,

10、 clean, dry，start(發(fā)動(dòng)), let(出租), be worth等，常與一個(gè)副詞搭配，常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。5) 帶同源賓語、反身代詞(oneself)、相互代詞(each other,one another)的及物或不及物動(dòng)詞，不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)：die/death, dream/dream, live/life6) 當(dāng)賓語是不定式時(shí)，通常不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。(True or False)TFWe live a meaningful life every day.( ) She likes to swim. ( ) To swim is liked by her.這書很暢銷.那

11、筆好寫.這本書值得一讀.The book sells well.The pen writes well.The book is worth reading.1. 英語中一般用來英語中一般用來by表示動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者表示動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,但但know除除外外,它要用介詞它要用介詞to2.need,want,require等表等表“需要需要”, 如果主語是物的如果主語是物的時(shí)候時(shí)候,必須用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義必須用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義;也可以也可以用不定式的被動(dòng)形式用不定式的被動(dòng)形式.特別注意：特別注意：譯：這張椅子需要修理。譯：這張椅子需要修理。=The chair needs to be

12、repaired. The chair needs repairing. 3. 不定式作后置定語或作賓語時(shí),如果不定式和邏輯主語之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系就應(yīng)用不定式的被動(dòng)形式. The little boy likes to be taken to the park. 雖然不定式和邏輯主語之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,但句中同時(shí)出現(xiàn)了表示不定式動(dòng)作發(fā)出者的另外一個(gè)名詞或代詞時(shí),這時(shí)須用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義. Give me a book to read.他命令立即完成這座橋的建設(shè).我有很多工作要做.他有很多問題沒解決,他很不高興.他有很多問題沒解決,他老板很不高興.He ordered the bridge _

13、 He ordered the bridge _ a at t once. once.to be completedto be completedWith many problemsWith many problems _, he is _, he is very unhappy.very unhappy.to do.to do.I have a lot of work_.I have a lot of work_.to be settledto be settledWith many problemsWith many problems _, his _, his boss is very

14、unhappy.boss is very unhappy.to settleto settle4. adj+to do too +adj.+to do adj. enough to do英語不是很難學(xué).English is not very hard _.這本書很容易理解.The book is easy enough _.這箱子太重了他搬不動(dòng).The box is too heavy for him _. to studyto studyto understandto understandto carry.to carry.句型結(jié)構(gòu)中句型結(jié)構(gòu)中,常用不定式常用不定式主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義.5