大學(xué)英語(yǔ)5 第8課

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3、i n gi sa l m o s tc o m pl e t e l yp a r a l y s e d ,c o n f i n e dt oaw h e e l c h a i r ,a n du n a b l et os p e a k .Y e t ,h eh a so v e r c o m ee v e r yo b s ta c l ea n da c h i e v e df a rm o r et h a nm o s ta b l e - b o d i e dp e o p l ee v e rd r ea mo fa c c o m p l i shing and

4、 become one of the greatest physicistsof our time.Roaming the Cosmosby Le0on JaroffDarkness has fallen on Cambridge, England, and on a damp and chilly evening kings Paradeis filled with students and faculty. Then, down the crowded thoroughfare comes theUniversity of Cambridges most distinctive vehic

5、le, bearing its most distinguishedcitizen. In the motorized wheelchair, boyish face dimly illuminated by a glowingcomputer screen attached to the left armrest, is Stephen William Hawking, 46, one ofthe worlds greatest theoretical physicists. As he skillfully maneuvers through thecrowd, motorists slo

6、w down, some honking their horns in greeting. People wave and shouthello.A huge smile lights up Hawkings bespectacled face, but he cannot wave or shout back.Since his early 20s, he has suffered from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), aprogressive deterioration of the central nervous system that us

7、ually causes deathwithin three or four years. Hawkings illness has advanced more slowly, and now seemsalmost to have stabilized. Still, it has robbed him of virtually all movement. He hasno control over most of his muscles, cannot dress or eat by himself and has lost hisvoice. Now he speaks only by

8、using the slight voluntary movement left in his handsand fingers to operate his wheelchairs built-in computer and voice synthesizer.While ALS has made Hawking a virtual prisoner in his own body, it has left his courageand humor intact, his intellect free to roam. And roam it does, from the infinites

9、imalto the infinite, from the subatomic realm to the far reaches of the universe. In thecourse of these mental expeditions, Hawking has conceived startling new theories aboutblack holes and the disorderly events that immediately followed the Big Bang from whichthe universe sprang. More recently, he

10、has shaken both physicists and ted lessformidable. But what really made the difference, he says, was that I got engaged toJane, who was studying modern languages at Cambridge. This gave me something to liverfor. As he explains, if we were to get married, I had to get a job. And to get a job,I had to

11、 finish my Ph. D. I started, working hard for the first time in my life. Tomy surprise, I found I liked it.What particularly interested Stephen was singularities, strange beasts predicted bygeneral relativity. Einsteins equations indicated that when a star several timeslarger than the sun exhausts i

12、ts nuclear fuel and collapses, its matter crushes togetherat its center with such force that it forms a singularity, an infinitely dense pointwith no dimensions and irresistible gravity. A voluminous region surrounding thesingularity becomes a black hole, from which ?because of that immense gravity

13、?nothing,not even light, can escape.Scientists years ago found compelling evidence that black holes exist, but they wereuncomfortable with singularities, because all scientific laws break down at thesepoints. Most physicists believed that in the real universe the object at the heart ofa black hole w

14、ould be small (but not dimensionless) and extremely dense (but notinfinitely so). Enter Hawking. While still a graduate student, he and MathematicianRoger Penrose developed new techniquesproving mathematically that if generalrelativity is correct, singularities must exist. Hawking went on to demonst

15、rate ?againif general relativity is correct ?that the entire universe must have sprung from asingularity. As he wrote in his 1966 Ph. D. thesis, There is a singularity in our past.Stephen later discerned several new characteristics of black holes and demonstratedthat the amazing forces of the Big Ba

16、ng would have created mini-black holes, each witha mass about that of a terrestrial mountain, but no larger than the subatomic proton.Then, applying the quantum theory (which accurately describes the random, uncertainsubatomic world) instead of general relativity (which, it turns out, falters in tha

17、ttiny realm), Hawking was startled to find that the mini-black holes must emit particlesand radiation. Even more remarkable, the little holes would gradually evaporate and,10 billion years or so after their creation, explode with the energy or millions ofH-bombs.Hawking has visited the U. S. 30 time

18、s, made seven trips to Moscow, taken around-the-word journey, and piloted his wheelchair on the Great Wall of China. On theroad, the activities occasionally deviate somewhat from physics. One night Stephenaccompanied a group to a Chicago discotheque, where he joined in the festivities bywheeling ont

19、o the dance floor and spinning his chair in circles.Recently, Hawking, who has no qualms about recanting his own work if he decides he waswrong, may have transcended his famous proof that singularities exist. With PhysicistJames Hartle. He has derived a quantum wave describing a self-contained unive

20、rse that,like the earths surface, has no edge or boundary. If that is the case, says Hawking,Einsteins general theory of relativity would have to be modified, and there would beno singularities. The universe would not be created, not be destroyed; it would simplybe, he concludes, adding challengingl

21、y, What place, then, for a Creator?NEW WORDSroamv.gofromoneplacetoanotherwithoutagoalorpurpose;wander+o8nc o s m o sn .t h ew h o l eu n i v e r s ec o n s i d e r e da sa no r d e r e ds y s t e m嘯橻c o s m i ca .d a m pa .s l i g h t l yw e t ;m o i s tc h i l l ya .r a t h e rc o l d ;u n p l e a

22、s a n t l yc o ldc h i l ln .f a c u l t yn .a l lt h et e a c h e r so fas c h o o lo rc o l l e g et h o r o u g h f a r en .ab u s ym a i nr o a d 恇?YS?d i s t i n g u i s h e da .s h o w i n gr e m a r k a b l eq u a l i t i e spg 鶴剉b o y i s ha .o fo rl i k eab o yd i m l ya d .f a i n t l y ;u

23、 n c l e a r l y餅醡 0Wg l o wv i .g i v eo f fas t e a d yl i g h t ;s h in e裇 IQa r m r e s tn .as u p p o r tf o rt h ea r m ,e s p .on eo nt h ec h a i ro rc o u c hvbKbm o t o r i s tn .ap e r s o nw h od r i v e so rr i d e si na na u t o m o b i l ep h y s i c i s tn .ap e r s o nw h os t u d i

24、 e so rw o r k si np h y s i c sh o n kn .t h es o u n dm a d eb yaw i l dg o o seo ra na u t o m o b i l eh o r ng r e e t i n gn .a na c to re x p r e s s i o no fw e l c om eo rs a l u t a t i o nk 螐魜ab e s p e c t a c l e da .w e a r i n gg l a s s e sa m y o t r o p h i cl a t e r a ls c l e r

25、o s i s寑?佊毀 Olx Sd e t e r i o r a t i o nn .t h ea c to rp r o c e s so fd e t e r i or a t i n gv Sd e t e r i o r a t ev i .b e c o m ew o r s er o bv t .t a k ef r o mu n l a w f u l l y ,e s p .byf o r c e玆ON1Yv o l u r e n t l ya d .i nad i s r e s p e c t f u lm a n n e rNle0Wm i d m o r n i

26、n gn .t h em i d d l eo ft h em o r n i n ga b l e - b o d i e da .s t r o n ga n dh e a l t h y ;p h y s i c a l lyf i tb o o k - l i n e da .l i n e dw i t hb o o k sa m i dp r e p .i nt h em i d d l eo f ;a m o n gc o m m o nr o o mar o o mi nas c h o o lo rc o l l e g ef ort h eu s eo ft e a c h

27、 e r sa n d/o rst u d e n t sw h e nt h e ya r en o tt e a c h in go rs t u d y i n glQqQ Ooc l i c kv t .s t r i k eo rm o v ew i t has i g h ts h o r ts o u n de v o k ev t .p r o d u c e ;c a l lu pu$Uw?b e e pn .as h a r p ,s h o r ts o u n dc h o r u sn .s t h .s a i do rs h o u t e db ym a n y

28、p e o p l et o g e t h e rc o n f e s sv .s a yt h a ts t h .i st r u e ;s a yt ha to n eh a sc o m m i t t e dac r i m eo rd o n es t h .w r o n gbfWvf a s c i n a t ev t .a t t r a c to ri n t e r e s tv e r ys t ro n g l y:_萷 0W8T _鲝 OOp a r t yv t .e n j o yo n e s e l f ,e s p .a tap a rt yo rp

29、 a r t i e so v e r w h e l mv t .o v e r c o m ec o m p l e t e l y ;o v e r p o we r乢g6Rgc a n en .?HJvx?D纈緇紼憕慽憕憕慣憕憕慽憕A $ hQ? hQ? CJKHOJQJJaJ) hQ? hQ? B* CJKHOJQJJph?) hQ? hQ? B*CJKHOJQJJph$ hQ? hQ? CJKHOJQJJaJ- j hQ? hQ? CJKHOJQJUJaJ$ hQ? hQ? CJ-KHOJQJJaJ-/ hQ? hQ? 5丅* CJ-KHOJQJ乛 Jph f? & hQ?

30、 hQ? 5丆 J-KHOJQJ乛 J/ j hQ? hQ? 5丆 J-KHOJQJU乛 J?蝕術(shù)? $1$a$ gdQ? $ d?1$a$ gdQ?術(shù)? as t i c ku s e dt oh e l pi nw a l k i n gKbVgf o r m i d a b l ea .d i f f i c u l tt od e f e a to rd e a lwi t h ;f r i g h t e n i n g緰鵞豊剉颯 剉e n g a g e da .h a v i n ga g r e e dt og e tm a r r i e d騗ZZ 剉s i n g u l

31、a r i t yn .ah y p o t h e t i c a lp o i n ti ns p a c ea tw h i c ha no b j e c tb e c o m e sc o m pr e s s e dt oi n f i n i t ed e n s i t ya n din f i n i t e s i m a lv o l u m eGY 筽b e a s tn .a n y( f o u r - f o o t e d )a n i m a l ;ape r s o no rt h i n gf e l tt ob eh a t e f ulo ro f f

32、 e n s i v en u c l e a ra .o fan u c l e u s ,e s p .o fa na t o m8h 剉烻 P8h 剉c r u s hv t .s q u e e z et o g e t h e rv i o l e n t l ysoa st ob r e a kv i .b e c o m ec r u s h e di n f i n i t e l ya d .w i t h o u tl i m i t so fa n yk i n d ;h a v i n gn oe n dd e n s ea .p a c k e dc l o s e

33、l yt o g e t h e r ;t h i ckd i m e n s i o nn .t h em e a s u r e m e n to ft h el e n g t h,w i d t h ,o rh e i g h to fs t h .:鳾d i m e n s i o n l e s sa .i r r e s i s t i b l ea .t h a tc a n n o tb er e s i s t e d ;t o og r e a tt ob ew i t h s t o o dv o l u m i n o u sa .v e r yl a r g ec

34、o m p e l l i n ga .s t r o n g l yc o n v i n c i n go rp e r s u as i v et h e s i sn .al o n gp i e c eo fw r i t i n go nap a r t i c u l a rs u b j e c t ,b a s e do no r ig i n a lw o r ka n dw r i t t e nf o rah i gh e rd e g r e i t yn .t h ea c to fr e j o i c i n g ;m e r r i m en t ;g a i

35、 e t yk 哵;ms p i nv .( c a u s et o )t u r nq u i c k l ya b o u ta na x i sr e c a n tv t .s a yp u b l i c l yt h a to n en ol o ng e rh o l d s( af o r m e rb e l i e f )s e l f - c o n t a i n e da .c o m p l e t ei ni t s e l f ;i n d e p e n d en tc r e a t o rn .ap e r s o nw h oc r e a t e s

36、 ;( C ) GodPHRASES & EXPRESSIONSlight upmake or become bright, cheerful, etc.rob oftake the property of, esp. using violence; prevent from enjoyingreign overrule as the king or queentalk shop(inf.) talk about things in ones work or tradein sequenceone following another; in successionover the hil

37、lpast ones prime, unable to function as one used toput togetherform by combining parts or members; assemblecome to anythingendin success / failuresomething / nothingdistinguish oneselfbehave or perform noticeably well(be) engaged tohaving agreed to marryto sbs surprisein a way that surprises sb.break downbecome unusable; falldeviate frommove away fromPROPER NAMESLeon Jaroff)R f? ?m+YC a m b r i d g eQR