高中英語語法之定語從句知識精講+35道鞏固練習(xí)題+解答思路.docx

1、定語從句知識精講在復(fù)合句中。修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。一、先行詞定語從句所修飾的詞。二、關(guān)系詞1.關(guān)系代詞:代替先行詞在句中作主語、賓語、定語或表語。如：that,which,who,whomwhose,as.2. 關(guān)系副詞:代替先行詞在句中作狀語。如:when,where,why。三、特點.在句子中作定語：1 .關(guān)系詞在從句中需充當(dāng)句子成分；關(guān)系代詞作主語時。人稱和數(shù)與先行詞一致。四、關(guān)系代詞的用法who指人,在定語從句中作主語，口語中可作賓語;that也可指人,但多用whooThemanwhoissittingunderthetreeisaGerman.Thestudentwho

2、speaksGermanbestcomesfromChina.Themanwho(that)youwanttoseeishere.1. whom指人，在句中作賓語?？谡Z中可略。但在作介詞的賓語時只能用whom,不能用whoo關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時,whom不能略Theman(whom)youlookforisdead.A.whereB.whichC.whileD.why()12.Johnsaidshe'dbeenworkingintheofficeforanhour._wastrue.A.heB.thisC.whichD.who()13.Thefilmbroughtthehoursback

3、tome.Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfarawayvillage.A.untilB.thatC.whenD.where)14._isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What()15.Isthisthereason_atthemeetingforcarelessnessinhiswork?A.heexplainedB.whatheexplainedC.howheexplainedD.whyheexplained()16.Thefamousbasketbal

4、lstartriedtomakeacomeback,attractedalotofattention.A.whereB.whenC.whichD.who()17.Wearelivinginanage_manythingsaredoneoncomputerA.whichB.thatC.whoseD.when()18.NewYork._lastyear,isaniceoldcity.A.thatIvisitedB.whichIvisitedC.whereIvisitedD.inwhichIvisited()19.Icanthinkofmanycases_studentsobviouslyknewa

5、lotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldn'twriteagoodessay.A.whyB.whichC.asD.where()20.Afastfoodrestaurantistheplace.justasthenamesuggests,eatingisperformedquickly.A.whichB.whereC.thereD.what()21.Jsreportedinthenewspapers,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What()22.Helen

6、wasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,._ofcourse,madetheothersenvyhim.A.whoB.thatC.whatD.which()23.Anyway,thatevening_I'lltellyoumoreaboutlaterendedupstayingatRachel'splace.A.whenB.whereC.whatD.which()24.1workinabusinessalmosteveryoneiswaitingforagreatchance.A.howB.whichC.whereD.that(

7、)25.Luckily,we'dbroughtaroadmapwithout.wewouldhavelostourway.A.itB.thatC.thisD.which()26.Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendas_someonetheycantalkfrequentlyA.whoB.asC.aboutwhichD.withwhom()27.GeorgeOrwell.wasEricArthur,wrotemanypoliticalnovelsandessays.A.therealnameB.whathisrealnameC.hisr

8、ealnameD.whoserealname()28.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbuthesaidit.A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich()29.Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%_aresoldabroad.A.ofwhichB.whichofC.ofthemD.ofthat()30._isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.A.WhichB.WhenC.WhatD.A

9、s()31.Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths.-thesailingtimewas226days.A.ofwhichB.duringwhichC.fromwhichD.forwhich()32.1rememberedthelastplacewevisitedwasamiddleschool.A.whereB.thatC.inwhichD.which()33.Thisisthefirsttime_IhavecometoChina.A.whenB.whichC.atwhichD.that()34.Shewillneverforge

10、ttheday_shejoinedtheparty.A.whichB.whenC.inwhichD.onthat()35.1don'tlikethewayyouspeaktoher.A.thatB.onwhichC.whichD.as習(xí)題解析1. D此句考查非限制性定語從句。從句中少主語，故選which,用來指代前面的windowsoBwhich指代前面的噪音。2. D賓語前置句，其正常語序為shecouldturnforhelptowhom.故選DeB本句中的which用來指代前面的weathero3. A本句是一個限制性定語從句。句意:我不喜歡你跟她說話的方式。完整的應(yīng)為:ldon

11、'tlikethewayyouspeaktoher.在定語從句中,that不作任何成分時，往往省略。4. B在定語從句中，指代theplace時用whereD我非常懷疑，懷疑的是前面所提到的事。故用which引導(dǎo)。5. B本句是一個非限制性定語從句?！癉orothy總是夸大自己在戲中的角色，這件事讓其他人很不高興o"ofcourse作為插入語，指代事物時用whichoBwhich指代前面提到的花瓶。6. C危險的處境。故選A。7. Cwhich指代前面說的事情。8. C引導(dǎo)詞是“thehours”,表時間，而從句又是一個完整的句子,要用關(guān)系副詞whenB依據(jù)口訣中的“句首定從

12、用as”，as代替整個句子，且置于句首。9. ADwho指代前面的籃球明星。10. DBwhich指代NewYork。11. DB此句考查非限制性定語從句。指代地點時用where,句中justasthenamesuggests在句中作插入語。12. BDwhich指代前面所說的事。13. DC此句中的business解釋為“股份公司”，考地點時,引導(dǎo)詞要用whereo14. DD定語從句本身是一個完整的句子，用關(guān)系副詞或“介詞+whom”結(jié)構(gòu);而先行詞是someone,引導(dǎo)詞要用指人的關(guān)系代詞，所以用“withhome”。15. DA這句話在講他說話的方式使我驚訝。Whatsurprisedm

13、ewasnotwhathesaidbuttheway(that)hesaidit.這里that可以省去。16. Aofwhich其中的which指代前文halfamillionpairsofshoeso句意:這個工廠每年生產(chǎn)50萬雙鞋，其中的(指50萬雙鞋)80%銷往海外。17. DA18. Bvisited后缺賓語，句子不完整，用that。19. CBtheday“那一天”指時間。故選B。20. Atheway用來引導(dǎo)狀語從句，后面是一個完整的句子，因此選thatoIknowthegirl(whom/who)theteacherisspeakingto.Iknowthegirltowhomt

14、heteacherisspeaking.2. whose作定語?？芍溉嘶蛭顴veryonehelpsthechildwhoseparentsaredead.Theyarethelazystudentswhose'homeworkwasn'thandedin.3. that指人或物，多指物;作主語(不能略)或賓語(可略)Heisthefinestcomradethathashelpedus.Thisisaplantthatgrowsinthenorth.Thatisthenewfilm(that)wehaveseen.4. which指物,在句中作主語(不能略)或賓語(可略)Th

15、isbuildingwhichisbeingbuiltisahotel.Iknowthehouse(which)helivedin.注意:A.whom,that,which在定語從向中作賓語可略，但在介詞+whom/which中不能略、介詞后不能用thal。若介詞置于動詞后，可用that,which。whom;置于關(guān)系代詞前只用whichwhom固定的動詞短語中介詞不能提前。ThechildtowhomAuntLiwrotealetterisill.Thisisthemagazine(that/which)youarelookingfor.B.先行詞是人時可用who或that,但下列情況多用w

16、ho來明確指人先行詞為all,anyone,one/ones指人時，用who來明確指人Twowomenareunderthetree.Theonewhoissewingishermother.Anyonewhohasevescanseeit.先行詞為those或he/she等人稱代詞時。Thosewhoareagainsttheplanhaveraisedtheirhands.Hewhodoesn'tgototheGreatwallisnotarealman:©Therebe開頭的句子。Thereisastrangerwhowantstoseeyou. 在被分隔的定語從句中T

17、heteacherwillcomeatoncewhowillteachanewGermansong. 一個句子帶有兩個定語從句，其中一個用who,另一個用thatoThemanthatwaspraisedatthemeetingwhowas,givenamedalisasoldier.C.指物時用which或thal,但在下列情況一般用thato先行詞為all,everything,anything,nothing,much.liule,none.one等不定代詞時，只能用thatoAllthatglittersisnotgold. 先行詞被形容詞最高級或序數(shù)詞所修飾時。Thisisthebe

18、stfilmthatIhaveeverseen.ThisisthefirstEnglishnovelthatwaspublishedinourcountry. 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作表語時Chinaisnotthecountrythatitusedtobe.4先行詞被very,thesame,thelast,theonly.thefirst等修飾時HeistheverymanthatI'mafter.TheonlythingthatIcandoistoworkharder.6.主句以特殊疑問詞who,which,what開頭時Whowasitthatdiscoveredtheelem

19、ent?Whatwasitthatshebought?7.先行詞包括人和物時。Theytalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedintheschool.IlikethepeopleandtheplacethatIvisitedlastyear.注意:whose指物時，可用“名詞+ofwhich+從句'代替Thisistheroomthewindowofwhichisbroken.五、關(guān)系副詞的用法when指時間。 在定語從句中作狀語。先行詞主要為一些時間名詞(year,day等)。Hestillremembersthedaywhenhejoin

20、edthearmy. 先行詞在從句中作主語或賓語時，則用that/which,不能用when。Heregrettedthedaysthat/whichhespentonplay.Heremembersthedayswhenhespentmuchmoneyonstories. Itisthefirsttimethat.句型中,that是習(xí)慣用法，不能用wherioItisthefirsttimethatIhavebeentotheGreatWall2. where指地點。 指前面的地點，在從句中作狀語。IknowthefactorywhereIworkedtwentyyearsago. 指地點，

21、在句中作主語、賓語時不能用where,須用that/whichoThisisthehousewherehehaslivedfor20years.Thisisthehousethathehaslivedinfor20years.注意:有時when,where相當(dāng)于“介詞at/in+which”Helefttheroomwhere/inwhichhelivedlastyear.3. why表原因;"thereasonwhy.that."中,不能用because代替thatoThat'sthereasonwhy(forwhich)hedidn'tcometosch

22、ool.Thereasonwhyhedidn'tattendthemeetingisthathewasill.但reason在從句中作賓語時關(guān)系詞用that/which,可略。Idon'tbelievethereason(which/that)hegaveme.六、其它l.as在限制性定語從句中。只有在先行詞前含有such.thesame.as.as.so.as等時，使用as:as可作賓語，主語。表語，若從句的謂語與主句謂語相同或為be動詞時，可以將謂語省略。He'llgiveussuchthingsaswemayneed.Tomlivesinthesamebuildi

23、ngasI(livein).Hisansweristhesameasyours(is).as與that的區(qū)別：as引導(dǎo)的定語從句表示它的內(nèi)容與主句所講的內(nèi)容相似，即指同類事物;that引導(dǎo)定語從句表示的內(nèi)容與主句相同，即為同一事物ThisisthesamepenthatIlostyesterday.這正是我昨天丟的鋼筆。Thisisthesamepenas!lostyesterday.這正像我昨天丟的鋼筆2.m/bywhich或that用在theway后，在定語從句中作行為方式狀語,?？陕訧don'tlikethewayyouspeaktoher.Iadmiredtheway(inwh

24、ich/that)youansweredhisquestions.Thisisnottheway(bywhich/that)wecamelasttime.七、非限制性定語從句限制性定語從句:定語從句緊接先行詞，不用遠(yuǎn)號隔開。非限制性定語從句:對前面的先行詞作補充說明。用這號與主句隔開。1.關(guān)系詞在非限制性定語從句中的用法。關(guān)系代詞作賓語時不能省略，指人作主語用who.作賓語用whom指地點用where、指時間用when,指物只用which(不能用that）,作定語用whoseoHedidn'tseethefilm,whichwasveryinteresting.（不用that）2.關(guān)系

25、代詞as和which的并同 兩者都用退號與主句隔開，引導(dǎo)一個屬于附加說明性質(zhì)的定語從句，說明整個主句某個短語（不一定修飾某個具體的先行詞），可在從句中作主語、賓語、表語、從句中的謂語動用單數(shù)形式。TaiWanisapartofChina,which/asisknowntoall.HeisaFrenchman,which/asIknowfromhisaccentEveryoneshouldstudyhardforthepeople,which/ashasbeensaidbefore. as引導(dǎo)的定語從句可以置于主句前或后，但which引導(dǎo)的定語從句只能放在主句后Asanybodycansee,a

26、nelephantislikeasnake.在下列習(xí)語中多用as。asanybodycansee/asisknowntoall眾所周矢口的ashasbeensaidbefore正如以前所說的ashepointedout正如他所指出的若定語從句的內(nèi)容對主句有貶義色彩或起消極作用時，則其后的從句多用whichThepartyisputoff,whichmakesusverydisappointed.Hedidnothingbutsitthere,whichshowedhislaziness.八、區(qū)分：Loneofsb.who+謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式.theonlyoneofsb.who+謂語用單數(shù)形式Sh

27、eisoneofthestudentswhosingRussiansongsinourclass.TomistheonlyoneoftheboyswhoknowsSpanish.2.thatistosay或thatis表示“也就是說，換句話說”，在句中作插入語，不要誤認(rèn)為非限制性定語從句。Theoldmanhasgoneforever,thatistosay.hehasdied.鞏固精練()1.Hepaidtheboy10dollarsforwashingtenwindows,mostofhadn'tbeencleanedforatleastayear.A.theseB.thoseC.thatD.which()2.Sheheardaterriblenois