路透社關(guān)于Photoshop使用原則

1、路透社關(guān)于Photoshop使用原則發(fā)表時(shí)間-2007-09-25 14:28:22Photoshop is a highly sophisticated image manipulation programme. We use only a tiny part of its potential capability to format our pictures, crop and size them and balance the tone and colour.Photoshop是一個(gè)非常復(fù)雜的圖片編輯軟件。我們僅僅只使用其巨大圖片編輯功能中的一小部分,剪裁和重定圖片大小以及平衡色調(diào)和色彩

2、。Materially altering a picture in Photoshop or any other image editing software will lead to dismissal.用Photoshop或者其它任何圖片編輯軟件對(duì)照片進(jìn)行本質(zhì)修改將直接導(dǎo)致被解雇。THE RULES ARE(規(guī)則是:1.No additions or deletions to the subject matter of the original image.不得對(duì)原片的主體進(jìn)行增加或減少thus changing the original content and journalistic

3、integrity of an image.不得改變?cè)純?nèi)容以及圖片的新聞?wù)鎸?shí)2.No excessive lightening, darkening or blurring of the image.不得過度調(diào)亮、調(diào)暗或者模糊圖片thus misleading the viewer by disguising certain elements of an image.不得通過對(duì)圖片某些部分進(jìn)行掩蓋從而誤導(dǎo)讀者3.No excessive colour manipulation.不得過度調(diào)整顏色thus dramatically changing the original lighting c

4、onditions of an image.THE GUIDELINES ARE(指導(dǎo)原則是:1.Only minor Photoshop work should be performed in the field.在新聞現(xiàn)場(chǎng)只能通過Photoshop進(jìn)行細(xì)微的調(diào)整(Especially from laptopsWe require only cropping, sizing and levels with resolution set to 300dpi. Where possible, ask your regional or global picture desks to perform

5、 any required further Photo-shopping on their calibrated hi-resolution screens. This typically entails lightening/darkening, sharpening, removal of dust and basic colour correction.(尤其在筆記本電腦上我們要求只能進(jìn)行剪裁、調(diào)整圖片大小、色階以及分辨率調(diào)整至300象素/英寸。當(dāng)有需要的時(shí)候,可以要求地區(qū)或者全球圖片編輯室在其校準(zhǔn)過的高分辨率屏幕上進(jìn)一步對(duì)圖片編輯。這些包括調(diào)亮/調(diào)暗、銳化、清楚污點(diǎn)以及基本顏色校準(zhǔn)。2

6、.When working under prime conditions, some further minor Photo-shopping (performed within the above rulesis acceptable.在一流條件下,進(jìn)一步的Photoshop細(xì)微調(diào)節(jié)(在以上規(guī)定內(nèi)執(zhí)行是可以接受的。This includes basic colour correction, subtle lightening/darkening of zones, sharpening, removal of dust and other minor adjustments that fal

7、l within the above rules. Reuters recommendations on the technical settings for these adjustments appear below.The level of Photoshop privileges granted to photographers should be at the discretion of the Chief/Senior Photographers within the above guidelines. All photographers should understand the

8、 limitations of their laptop screens and their working environments.這些包括基本的顏色校準(zhǔn),部分區(qū)域輕微地調(diào)亮/調(diào)暗、銳化、去除污點(diǎn)以及其它在以上規(guī)則下進(jìn)行的細(xì)微調(diào)整。路透社對(duì)于這些技術(shù)設(shè)置的推薦如下:攝影記者所能使用Photoshop程度的權(quán)限需要由首席攝影記者/高級(jí)攝影記者來(lái)處置。所有的攝影記者都必須理解他們筆記本電腦以及工作環(huán)境的局限性。Photographers should trust the regional and global pictures desks to carry out the basic func

9、tions to prepare their images for the wire.All EiCs and sub editors from regional and the global desks will be trained in the use of Photoshop by qualified Adobe trainers to a standard set by senior pictures staff.The photographer can always make recommendations via the Duty Editor. Ask the desk to

10、lighten the face, darken the left side, lift the shadows etc. Good communication with the desk is essential.攝影記者必須信任地區(qū)編輯室以及全球編輯室來(lái)通過一些基本功能來(lái)準(zhǔn)備他們的照片。地區(qū)和全球編輯者的主編和助理編輯都會(huì)接受Adobe培訓(xùn)師的訓(xùn)練使其達(dá)到資深影像專家所確定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。攝影記者可以向編輯提出建議。要求編輯調(diào)亮人物臉部、調(diào)暗左側(cè)、消除陰影等。與編輯室的良好交流非常必要。TECHNICAL GUIDELINES(技術(shù)指導(dǎo):1. Cloning, Healing or Brush T

11、ools are not to be used. The single exception to this rule is sensor dust removal. The cloning tool will only be used below the 100 pixels radius setting. Unless performed on a well-calibrated screen under good working conditions we strongly recommend photographers to request dust removal by picture

12、s desks.克隆,修復(fù)或筆刷工具不允許使用。唯一的例外就是去除相機(jī)圖象傳感器上灰塵導(dǎo)致的照片污點(diǎn)?？寺」ぞ咧豢梢栽O(shè)置在100象素以下進(jìn)行操作。除非是在良好工作環(huán)境下的校準(zhǔn)屏幕下,我們強(qiáng)烈建議攝影記者讓編輯室來(lái)處理照片上的污點(diǎn)。2. Saturation should not be used. It affects image quality and cannot be judged well on a laptop screen and adds nothing more than what can be achieved in levels.色相/飽和度工具不允許使用。它不僅會(huì)影響圖片質(zhì)

13、量,而且在筆記本電腦的屏幕上也無(wú)法被很好的調(diào)整,更重要的相對(duì)于色階調(diào)整的效果而言它并沒有什么特殊之處。3. Colour Balance adjustment should be kept to the minimum, especially on laptop screens which tend to have a blue dominance.色彩平衡的調(diào)整應(yīng)該盡量最低限度,尤其在有偏藍(lán)色主導(dǎo)的筆記本電腦屏幕上。4. Levels should only be adjusted to the start points of the histogram graph on both shad

14、ows and highlights.色階工具只能通過移動(dòng)色階柱狀圖的起止點(diǎn)來(lái)調(diào)整暗調(diào)和高光。5. Auto Levels should not be used.自動(dòng)色階工具不允許使用。6. The Burn Tool in most cases should only used to subtly darken areas that have been overexposed. When the burn tool is used in shadows a visible element of everything that can be seen in the raw file must

15、remain visible.加深、減淡、海綿工具在大多數(shù)情況下只能用于局部輕微調(diào)暗曝光過度的地方。當(dāng)減淡工具在陰影地方使用的時(shí)候,原片中所有可視部分應(yīng)依然保持可以被識(shí)別。7. Highlights and Shadows can be toned by using the selective highlights tool, a feather of 25-30 and then adjusted in curves.高光和暗調(diào)工具只能通過選擇性的高光工具來(lái)調(diào)整,通過2030象素羽化以及曲線調(diào)整。8. The Lasso Tool should not be used when using

16、a laptop to file pictures. It is essential that great care is taken with this tool to avoid the halo effect which is produced when the feathering is too great and the tonal change bleeds over into the unselected zone. Likewise, not enough feathering will produce a vivid jagged edge to the lasso area

17、. Typically afeathering setting of between 5 and 20 pixels is used, depending on the size and positioning of the zone. Again we strongly recommend this is handled by desks.套索工具在使用筆記本電腦來(lái)編發(fā)圖片時(shí)不允許使用。使用此工具的時(shí)候應(yīng)盡量避免由于過度羽化而導(dǎo)致的“暈輪”效應(yīng),從光調(diào)變化“漸進(jìn)”至那些沒有選擇的區(qū)域。類似的,不足的羽化則會(huì)導(dǎo)致套索邊緣區(qū)域出現(xiàn)明顯的鋸齒。通常情況下,510象素的羽化應(yīng)當(dāng)根據(jù)照片中調(diào)整區(qū)域的大

18、小和位置來(lái)使用。再次申明,我們強(qiáng)烈建議由編輯室來(lái)進(jìn)行處理。9. The Eye Dropper can be used on a neutral gray area to set colour. But is dependent on the qua lity of the computer screen to determine if you are in fact seeing a real gray!取色器工具只能通過灰點(diǎn)來(lái)設(shè)置顏色,但是此舉取決于電腦屏幕的質(zhì)量事實(shí)上是否能夠讓你看到真正的灰色。10. Sharpening should be set at zero (0in the c

19、amera. Pictures may then be sharpened by 300% at a radius of 0.3, threshold 0, in Photoshop.銳化工具在相機(jī)設(shè)置中應(yīng)該被調(diào)整到零。照片可能需要在Photoshop中按照300%數(shù)量,半徑0.3象素以及閾值0色階進(jìn)行銳化。11. No selective area sharpening should be done.選擇性局部銳化工具不允許使用。Third-party Sharpening Plug-ins is not permitted.第三方銳化工具不允許使用。12. Third-party Nois

20、e-Reduction Plug-ins should be avoided but are acceptable if Chief Photographers are convinced they are being used properly.第三方噪點(diǎn)減弱插件工具應(yīng)盡量避免除非當(dāng)?shù)厥紫瘮z影記者確信其被恰當(dāng)使用。13. Camera Settings, in particular saturation (and Image Styles in the Canon 5Dshould be set to “standard” wi th the exception of in-camera s

21、harpening which should be turned OFF. The Color setting Adobe RGB is the Reuters standard. 相機(jī)設(shè)置的特殊色相(例如佳能5D下的照片模式中應(yīng)該選擇“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”,而相機(jī)內(nèi)的銳化功能應(yīng)該選擇關(guān)閉。Abode RGB是路透標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的顏色設(shè)置。14. Multiple-Exposure pictures must be clearly identified in the caption and drawn to the attention of pictures desks before transmission.多次曝

22、光的照片必須在圖說中清楚地說明,并且在發(fā)稿之前需向編輯室說明。關(guān)于擺拍/策劃新聞?wù)掌?. Reuters photographers, staff and freelance, must not stage or re-enact news events. They may not direct the subjects of their images or add, remove or move objects on a news assignment. Our news photography must depict reality. Any attempt to alter that r

23、eality constitutes fabrication and can lead to disciplinary action, including dismissal.路透社的攝影記者,無(wú)論是專職還是自由攝影記者,都絕不允許擺布或重新導(dǎo)演新聞事件,絕不允許在拍攝過程中擺布被攝對(duì)象或者添加、刪除以及移動(dòng)被攝對(duì)象。路透社的新聞圖片必須還原新聞事件發(fā)生時(shí)的真實(shí)場(chǎng)景。任何一種試圖改變這種真實(shí)場(chǎng)景的行為將被視為捏造事實(shí),攝影記者將因此受到包括解雇在內(nèi)的相應(yīng)懲罰。2. Photographers may direct the subjects of portraits, formal interv

24、iews and non-news feature images needed to illustratea story. The caption must not mislead the reader into believing these images are spontaneous.攝影記者在拍攝人物肖像、正式采訪和非新聞?lì)惖奶貙懝适聲r(shí),可以適當(dāng)控制被攝對(duì)象。對(duì)此,圖片說明必須解釋現(xiàn)場(chǎng)情況,避免誤導(dǎo)讀者以為畫面中是自然發(fā)生的場(chǎng)景。3. The presence of the media can often influence how subjects behave. When the

25、behavior shown is the result of the medias presence, our captions must make that clear.If photographers from outside Reuters orchestrate or set up scenes, it is still a set-up.新聞?dòng)浾叩某霈F(xiàn)有時(shí)會(huì)影響被攝對(duì)象的表現(xiàn)。當(dāng)被攝對(duì)象的行為是由于新聞?dòng)浾叩某霈F(xiàn)而產(chǎn)生時(shí),必須在圖片說明中特別標(biāo)明。在新聞采訪中,即便是非路透社的記者擺布了新聞現(xiàn)場(chǎng),這張照片也將被視為是擺拍的照片。4. The best news photograph

26、y occurs when the presence of the camera is not noticeable. Photographers should be as unobtrusive as possible to avoid influencing events and consider using long lenses.最佳的新聞畫面是在照相機(jī)不被(被攝對(duì)象察覺的情況下產(chǎn)生的。攝影記者必須盡量避免影響正在發(fā)生的新聞事件,在一些場(chǎng)合可以考慮使用長(zhǎng)鏡頭。5. Composite images that show the progression of an event (e.g.

27、lunar eclipse, time lapsemust indicate the technique in their captions. They are never acceptable in a news assignment. Captions must also make clear when a specialty lens (e.g. lens babies, tilt-shift lensesor a special technique (e.g. soft focus, zoominghas been used to create an image in portrait

28、ure or on a features assignment.當(dāng)用合成照片表現(xiàn)某類特殊事件(如日食、月食或者連續(xù)畫面的過程時(shí),必須在圖片說明中交代所使用的特殊攝影技法。在常規(guī)新聞事件的報(bào)道中,禁止使用這類特殊攝影技法。人物肖像和特寫故事的圖片說明必須交代所使用的特殊鏡頭(如寬角轉(zhuǎn)換鏡頭lens babies, 移軸鏡tilt-shift lenses,或技法(如柔焦、變焦。ACCURACY IN CAPTIONS(圖片說明的準(zhǔn)確性:1. Just as our news photographs must reflect reality, so too should our captions.

29、 They must adhere to the basic Reuters rules of accuracy and freedom from bias and must answer the basic questions of good journalism.Who is in the picture? Where was it taken? When was it taken? What does it show? Why is a subject doing a particular thing?新聞攝影是圖片與文字相結(jié)合的傳播方式,這意味著在這種傳播方式中,文字與攝影同樣重要。因

30、此,圖片說明的準(zhǔn)確性是新聞攝影真實(shí)性的一部分。合格的圖片說明必須包括完整的新聞要素:誰(shuí)?什么時(shí)間?在哪兒?發(fā)生了什么?為何發(fā)生?2. They generally consist of a single sentence but a second sentence should be added if additional context or explanation is required.一般情況下,圖片說明用一句話概括,必要時(shí)增添第二句交代新聞背景。3. Contentious information, like death tolls in conflict, must be sour

31、ced. The caption must explain the circumstances in which a photograph was taken and state the correct date.對(duì)于那些容易引起爭(zhēng)議的信息,如死亡人數(shù),必須提供來(lái)源。圖片說明必須交代新聞事件發(fā)生時(shí)的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)情況以及準(zhǔn)確時(shí)間。4. Captions must not contain assumptions by the photographer about what might have happened, even when a situation seems likely. Explain on

32、ly what you have witnessed. All other information about an event must be sourced unless you are certain of your information.圖片說明中不允許添加攝影記者的任何主觀想象,即便是極有可能發(fā)生的現(xiàn)象。除了攝影記者親身見證的信息,圖片說明中的其他任何信息必須標(biāo)明來(lái)源。5. Captions also should not make assumptions about what a person is thinking e.g. England captain David Beck

33、ham ponders his future after his team was knocked out of the World Cup soccer finals . Stick to what the photo shows and what you know.圖片說明中禁止出現(xiàn)對(duì)被攝對(duì)象主觀想法的揣測(cè),如“英格蘭隊(duì)世界杯淘汰后,隊(duì)長(zhǎng)貝克漢姆考慮著自己的前途”在圖片說明的寫作中,必須準(zhǔn)確地分辨畫面中展示什么和你(攝影記者知道什么。Sensitive Images in Controlled Environments(特殊控制情況下的敏感照片:Some of our photograph

34、s are taken under controlled conditions in which photographers cannot operate freely. This is par ticularly true during conflicts and in countries where the medias movements are restricted. Such photographs must say if the image was taken during an organized or escorted visit unless the photographer

35、 was truly free to work independently.在一些情況下,攝影記者不得不在受到局限的條件下工作,特別是在報(bào)道沖突時(shí)或者在新聞自由受到限制的國(guó)家。此時(shí),圖片說明必須交代該畫面時(shí)在有(官方組織的條件下拍攝的。Photo Opportunities(拍攝機(jī)會(huì):Reuters does not stage news photos. Sometimes, subjects may strike an artificial pose, such as at a product launch, a show business event or a sports victory ceremony or when requested to do so to illustrate a feature. In some circum