中考英語語法系列復(fù)習(xí)專題名詞

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上語法系列復(fù)習(xí)專題一-名詞 名詞的分類 專有名詞：指某人，某地，某機(jī)構(gòu)等專有的名稱，其首字母要大寫。如HongKong,China,Bill Clinton,Red Cross 個(gè)體名詞：表示某類人或東西中的個(gè)體，如 student,book名 普 可數(shù)名詞 詞 通 集體名詞：表示若干個(gè)體組成的集合體，如：family,school, group, people名 詞 不可數(shù)名詞 物質(zhì)名詞：表示無法分為個(gè)體的實(shí)物，如：cotton,air,tea 抽象名詞：表示抽象概念，如 :work，happiness,news 2名詞的復(fù)數(shù) 可數(shù)名詞有單、復(fù)數(shù)形式，其復(fù)數(shù)

2、的構(gòu)成規(guī)則如下：1） 絕大多數(shù)在詞尾加s。如： book,books;bag,bags;cup,cups;face,faces. 2）以ch,sh,s,x,o結(jié)尾的名詞加es。如： watch,watches;brush,brushes;hero,heroes;class,classes; 下列以o結(jié)尾的詞加s構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)：piano , photo ,radio ,zoo, bamboo ,kilo 3）以輔音字母y結(jié)尾的名詞，將y改為i，再加es。例如：baby,babies;family,families; 以元音字母y結(jié)尾的名詞，直接加s。例如：boy,boys;key,keys 4） 以

3、f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞，先將f或fe改為v，再加es構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)形式，如：leaf,leaves; wife,wives.但有些以f結(jié)尾的名詞，是在f后加s構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)，常見的有： roof,chief,belief,gulf等。個(gè)別的兩種方式都可以，如： handkerchief,s,handkerchieves 5）少數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是不規(guī)則的，要一一背記： manmen; womanwomen; EnglishmanEnglishmen;footfeet; toothteeth; childchildren; mousemice 少數(shù)名詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式相同，如：Chinese,Japanese,sh

4、eep,deer,fish,means(注： fishes表不同種類的魚)6）復(fù)合名詞：A.含man或woman的復(fù)合名詞，兩部分都變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式。如：two men teachers, four women doctors B.將復(fù)合名詞中的主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式，如： lookers-on旁觀者，editors-in-chief總編輯, passers-by過路人 C.如果沒有主體名詞，就在詞尾后加s。如： grown-ups 成年人，go-betweens 中間人7）以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞：trousers,glasses眼鏡，scales天平，savings儲(chǔ)蓄， findings 調(diào)查結(jié)果

5、， doings行為，surroundings環(huán)境，arms武器，fireworks 煙火，remains殘余，thanks感謝，riches財(cái)富，ashes灰燼 ，stairs 樓梯 8）有些名詞在一定的詞組中要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如： take pains下功夫,made preparations作準(zhǔn)備，give regards to 問候2.名詞的所有格1）名詞的所有格一般用于有生命的名詞。其構(gòu)成多在詞尾加上“s”,如：Toms bike, Marxs works 以s結(jié)尾的專有名詞，在詞尾后加“”或“s”。如：Engels/Engelss works 以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，只在詞尾加“”。如：

6、students homework,a workers night school 一所工人夜校，不以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，仍在詞尾加“s”。如：mens clothes 男士衣服 childrens books 兒童讀物2） 如果一個(gè)事物為兩個(gè)人共有，只在后一個(gè)名詞的詞尾加“s”，如果不是共有，就要在兩個(gè)名詞的詞尾分別加上“s”。例如：Tom and Mikes room湯姆和邁克合住的房間 Toms and Mikes rooms湯姆、邁克各自的房間3） 表示店鋪或某人的家時(shí)，常在名詞所有格后省去shop,house等名詞。 如：the tailors 裁縫店，the barbers理發(fā)店，go

7、 to the doctors上診所， at my uncle's在我叔叔家4） 表示時(shí)間、距離、國家、城市等無生命的名詞，可以在詞尾加“s”或“”來表示 所有格。如：todays newspaper,half an hours rest,two weeks work,ten minuteswalk,Chinas population,Shanghais industry5） 表示無生命的名詞一般用of短語表示所有關(guān)系。如：the students of their school, the teachers of Grade 26） 表示所屬物的名詞前如果有不定冠詞、數(shù)詞、不定代詞，常

8、用“of所有格”來表示所屬關(guān)系。例如：He is an old friend of my fathers. This is a picture of Marys.考點(diǎn)分析1 He gained his _by printing _of famous writers A.wealth; work B.wealths; works C.weaths;work D.wealth ;works析：此題答案D。因?yàn)閣ealth 是不可數(shù)名詞故可排除B、C兩個(gè)選項(xiàng);work既可作不可數(shù)名詞表“工作”意，又可作可數(shù)名詞表“作品”意，常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。根據(jù)題目意思，此處work應(yīng)作可數(shù)名詞用，于是又可排除A。 2

9、.Many people agree that_ knowledge of English is a must in _ international trade today. A.a; × B.the ; an C.the ;the D.×the 析：knowledge 是抽象名詞，一般不與不定冠詞連用，但指具體“一門學(xué)問”或“一門學(xué)問的掌握了解”可與不定冠詞連用，這可稱之為抽象名詞具體化。類例如：a strong character 堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的性格；a bright future 光明前途；a waste of time 浪費(fèi)時(shí)間；a pressure on sb.對某人的壓

10、力；have a good time玩得痛快；He is a failure /a success as a leader 他當(dāng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)不行/很出色。抽象名詞不與冠詞連用是泛指一般概念、意義。如：what fun! fine weather ;common knowledge 常識(shí)；Knowledge begins with practice.foreign trade.因此international trade前不用冠詞。 由以上兩點(diǎn)可確定答案為A。3.Oh, John _you gave us ! A.How a great surprise B.How pleasant surprise C

11、.What a pleasant surprise D.What pleasant surprise析：正確答案為C?！癮/an形容詞抽象名詞”是抽象名詞具體化的常見形式。又如：an advanced culture 一種先進(jìn)文化；a great interest 極大的興趣；do him a good kindness幫了他一個(gè)大忙。 4. She broke a _ while she was washing up . A.glass wine B.wine glass C.wines glass D.glass of wine 析：根據(jù)broke一詞及四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，可確定空白處應(yīng)選“酒杯”故

12、可排除A、D；C不是表達(dá)“酒杯”的正確形式，只有B才是正確答案。英語中用名詞作定語修飾名詞的情況很多，這些作定語用的名詞可表分類意義表時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、稱呼表目的、手段、原料、來源、所屬等意義。 例： woman driver ,telephone number ,school education ,research work ,coffee cup ,English teacher ,air pollution 例：book store ,winter sleep ,country life ,college student ,South China 例：milk bottle ,steam bo

13、at ,goat skin ,stone wall ,gas station ,lunch room ,tooth brush5._terrible weather weve been having these days! A.What B.What a C.How D.How a 析：這是一個(gè)感嘆句，how修飾形容詞，副詞或動(dòng)詞，what修飾名詞。weather是不可數(shù)名詞，其前不可加不定冠詞a。因此這題正確答案是A。6.Shortly after the accident ,two _police were sent to the spot to keep order . A.dozens

14、 of B.dozens C.dozens of D.dozen 析： 正確答案是D。dozen, score ,hundred, thousand ,million等名詞前面有數(shù)詞或many ,several等詞，且表示具體數(shù)目時(shí)，這些名詞一般不用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但在下列短語中卻加S，并與of連用:dozens of (許多的)，scores of (好幾十的)，hundreds of (成百的)，thousands of (上千的)，millions of （數(shù)百萬的）7.Ill look into the matter as soon as possible .Just have a litt

15、le _. A.wait B.time C.patience D.rest 析：由題干第一句意“我會(huì)盡快調(diào)查那件事”，可知下句是要對方不要著急，故答案應(yīng)為C。這是由情景，語境確定答案題目。8.If by any chance someone comes to see me ,ask them to leave a _. A.message B.letter C.sentence D.notice析：答案為A。道理同第7題。 專題練習(xí)1._from Beijing to London!A.How long way it is B.What a long way is it C.How long

16、way is it D.What a long way it is 2.Weve worked out the plan ,and now we must put it into_. A.fact B.practice C.reality D.deed 3.Electrcity , like other forms of _ ,has greatly increased in price. A.pressure B.force C.strength D.energy4That fellow is clever ; he has _. A.brain B.a brain C.the brain

17、D.brains5.Julie went to the _ to buy a pair of shoes. A.shoes store B.shoes store C.shoe store D.shoes store 6.Those _ took lots of _ in the Summer Palace. A.Germen; photoes B.Germen; photos C.Germans; photos D.Germans; photoes7.All possible means _ to save the hero. A.has tried B.have tried C.has b

18、een tried D.have been tried8.Whose car is it ? Its_. A.Tom and Mary B.Toms and Marys C.Toms and Mary D.Tom and Marys9.There are 5_ in th fields. A.heads of cattles B.heads of cattle C.head of cattles D.head of cattle 10.He is the very thief the police _ looking for . A.is B.are C.has D.have11.All bu

19、t Jack _ here just now . A.is B.are C.was D.were 12.He knows almost everything .So we say he is a man of many _. A.knowleges B.presents C.gifts D.rewards13.Carelessness is the usual _ of fire. A.way B.excuse C.cause D.reason14.The girl is quite _to her mother now . A.a help B.helps C.help D.helpness

20、15._is coming to give us a lecture . A.A manager and an expert B.A manager and expert C.Manager and expert D.Manager and an expert16.Most of the bridges over the river are made of _. A.stone B.the stone C.a stone D.the stones17.If you hurt her _ ,you should apologize. A.feelings B.feel C.feels D.fee

21、ling18.Ill go and call at _ right after school. A.the doctor B.the Smiths C.Smith D.my uncles19.The shop will be closed during_. A.repairs B.a repair C.repair D.repairing20.The_we saw yesterday come out to the farm once in a while. A.mouse B.deer C.dog D.cow21.My brother didnt find army life to his

22、_. A.like B.taste C.quality D.favour22.Though they hadnt met for long ,he recognized her _. A.voice B.noise C.sound D.laughter23.Learning that they were to have a picnic,the children were in _. A.the high spirit B.high spirits C.a high spirit D.high spirit24.After _ silence ,they began to write letters to each other . A.three-year B.a three-year C.three years D.three years's25.If