高中英語(yǔ)句子基本成分

1、Page 21.主語(yǔ)n 主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體，主要說(shuō)明的人或事物。一般位于句首，通常由名詞性的詞來(lái)充當(dāng)。n 可以作主語(yǔ)的詞性 或語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)：1.名詞2.代詞6.動(dòng)名詞3.數(shù)詞4.名詞化的形容詞（如the richpoordisabled）5.不定式7.主語(yǔ)從句Page 3練習(xí)：在下面句子的主語(yǔ)下面畫(huà)橫線，并說(shuō)出由什么充當(dāng)。 During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. We often speak English in class. One-third of the students i

2、n this class are girls.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.Smoking does harm to the health._（名詞）（名詞）（代詞）（代詞）（數(shù)詞）（數(shù)詞）(不定式不定式)（動(dòng)名詞）（動(dòng)名詞）Page 4The rich should help the poor.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.It is necessary to master a foreign language. (it作形式主語(yǔ)，不定式作真正的

3、主語(yǔ))That he isnt at home is not true. （that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。that無(wú)意義，僅起連接作用，位于句首不可省略）_（名詞化的形容詞）（名詞化的形容詞）（從句）（從句）Page 5改正下列句中的錯(cuò)誤，并說(shuō)明原因。1) He failed the exam is the reason why he dropped out. 2) That why he was late for school was that his mother was ill. 3) Beyond the mountains lie a small village.4) Play basket

4、ball is my favorite sport.5) Give up English is not an option._ lies_Playing在這里指經(jīng)常打籃球，要用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)。在這里指經(jīng)常打籃球，要用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)。_To give up 放棄英語(yǔ)不是一個(gè)選擇。放棄英語(yǔ)不是一個(gè)選擇。 To give up指具體的某一次。指具體的某一次。(That he failed the exam is .)因?yàn)橐驗(yàn)閣hy除去作主句的成分之外，除去作主句的成分之外，還起著連接作用。還起著連接作用。Page 62.謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)由動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。謂語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成如下： 1）簡(jiǎn)單

5、謂語(yǔ)：由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如：He practices running every morning.2）復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)：由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. My sister is crying over there.I have been waiting for you all the time.I would stay at home all day.Page 73）由系動(dòng)詞加表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。系動(dòng)詞不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，要和表語(yǔ)一起作謂語(yǔ)。如：We are students.

6、Your idea sounds great.Page 83.表語(yǔ)n表語(yǔ)多是形容詞，用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份、特征和狀態(tài)，它一般位于系動(dòng)詞（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。Page 9畫(huà)出下列句中的表語(yǔ)，并說(shuō)明由什么充當(dāng)。1) Our teacher of English is an American.2) Is it yours?3) The weather has turned cold.4) The speech is exciting.5) Three times seven is twenty one.6) His job is t

7、o teach English.7) His hobby（愛(ài)好）is playing football.8) The machine must be out of order.9) The truth is that he has never been abroad._（名詞）（名詞）（代詞）（代詞）（動(dòng)名詞）（動(dòng)名詞）（分詞（分詞/形容詞，這樣的分詞形容詞，這樣的分詞已形容詞化了）已形容詞化了）（數(shù)詞）（數(shù)詞）（不定式）（不定式）（形容詞）（形容詞）（介詞短語(yǔ)）（介詞短語(yǔ)）（從句）Page 104.賓語(yǔ)1）賓語(yǔ)由名詞性的詞充當(dāng)，表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者，一般位于 及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。2) 賓語(yǔ)

8、分為動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)和介詞賓語(yǔ)，分別構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)和介賓結(jié)構(gòu)。3) 畫(huà)出下列句中的賓語(yǔ), 并說(shuō)明由什么充當(dāng)。They planted many trees yesterday. The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.- (How many dictionaries do you have?) -I have five. They helped the old with their housework yesterday. I wanted to buy a car. I enjoy listening to popular m

9、usic.I think（that）he is fit for his office._（名詞）（名詞）（代詞）（代詞）（數(shù)詞）（數(shù)詞）（不定式）（不定式）（動(dòng)名詞）（動(dòng)名詞）（賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句）Page 115.賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)n 英語(yǔ)中有些及物動(dòng)詞，除有一個(gè)直接賓語(yǔ)以外，還要有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，才能使句子的意義完整。賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。n 帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的一般句型為：某些及物動(dòng)詞（如make等）+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)。賓補(bǔ)可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)和從句充當(dāng)。Page 12練習(xí)： 用下畫(huà)線畫(huà)出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，并指出是什么詞充當(dāng)，同時(shí)體會(huì)賓補(bǔ)和賓語(yǔ)之間的邏輯關(guān)系。n

10、 His father named him Dongming. n They painted their boat white. n Let the fresh air in. n You mustnt force him to lend his money to you. n We saw her entering the room.n We found everything in the lab in good order.n We will soon make our city what your city is now.n I want your homework done on ti

11、me. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （名詞）（名詞）（形容詞）（形容詞）（副詞）（副詞）（不定式）（不定式）（現(xiàn)在分詞）（現(xiàn)在分詞）（介短）（介短）（從句）（從句）（過(guò)去分詞）（過(guò)去分詞）Page 136.主補(bǔ)對(duì)主語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)充。含有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的句子在變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，賓語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，原來(lái)的賓補(bǔ)就成了主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。He was elected monitor.She was found singing in the next room.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.Page 147.定語(yǔ)n 定語(yǔ)是定語(yǔ)是對(duì)名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短對(duì)名

12、詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語(yǔ)或句子語(yǔ)或句子，漢語(yǔ)中常用，漢語(yǔ)中常用“的的”表示。定語(yǔ)通表示。定語(yǔ)通常位于被修飾的成分前（前置定語(yǔ)）。常位于被修飾的成分前（前置定語(yǔ)）。n 在英語(yǔ)中，許多情況下，在英語(yǔ)中，許多情況下，定語(yǔ)是放在所修飾詞后定語(yǔ)是放在所修飾詞后面的（后置定語(yǔ)）面的（后置定語(yǔ)），這點(diǎn)與漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣不同，也是，這點(diǎn)與漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣不同，也是許多同學(xué)不能讀懂長(zhǎng)句的主要原因。許多同學(xué)不能讀懂長(zhǎng)句的主要原因。Page 15a)副詞用作定語(yǔ)一般要后置。 People there are very friendly. (那兒的人們) He didnt like the man downstairs.

13、（樓下的那個(gè)人）b)形容詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)一般放在所修飾詞之后。 單個(gè)形容詞作定語(yǔ)常放在所修飾詞之前，而形容詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)一般放在所修飾詞之后。 The next man is a scientist. The man next to me is a scientist.（我旁邊的那個(gè)人） I know an actor suitable for the part. Page 16c)介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)要后置。n The boy under the tree is Tom.（樹(shù)下的那個(gè)男孩）n The tallest boy in our class is John.（我們班最高的那個(gè)男孩）d)現(xiàn)在分詞

14、短語(yǔ)、過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)常后置。n I have something to say. (直譯：我有要說(shuō)的話)n The boy crying over there is my classmate.（在那邊哭的那個(gè)男孩）n The house built last year is impressive.（去年建的那座房子）Page 17練習(xí)：翻譯下列句子，用下畫(huà)線標(biāo)出定語(yǔ)部分，留意定語(yǔ)的位置，并說(shuō)明定語(yǔ)是由什么詞性或結(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)。The letter on the desk is for Mr. Wu.The woman with a baby in her arms is his mo

15、ther.We need a place twice larger than this one.She carried a basket full of eggs.Its a book worth no more than one dollar.Its a city far from the coast.He has enough money to buy a car._ （介詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)）（介詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)） _（with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作后置定語(yǔ)）作后置定語(yǔ)） _ （形容詞形容詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)）短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)） _ （形容詞形容詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)）短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)） _ （形容詞形容詞短

16、語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)）短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)） _ （形容詞形容詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)）短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)） （形容詞作定語(yǔ))Page 18The man downstairs was trying to sleep.There are lots of places of interest needing repairing in our city.Tigers belonging to meat-eating animals feed on meat.11.A boy calling himself John wanted to see you.12.He picked up a wallet lying on th

17、e ground on the way back home.13.There are many clothes to be washed. 14.Most of the singers invited to the party were from America.15.The days were gone when he was so poor._ （副詞副詞作后置定語(yǔ)）作后置定語(yǔ)） _ （現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)）作后置定語(yǔ)） _ （現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語(yǔ)）作后置定語(yǔ)） _ （現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語(yǔ)）作后置定語(yǔ)） _ （現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語(yǔ)）作后置定語(yǔ)） _ （不定式

18、不定式作后置定語(yǔ)）作后置定語(yǔ)） _ （過(guò)去過(guò)去分詞分詞作后置定語(yǔ)）作后置定語(yǔ)） _ （定語(yǔ)從句修飾定語(yǔ)從句修飾 the days） Page 198.狀語(yǔ) 修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子, 說(shuō)明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫作狀語(yǔ)。n He writes carefully. He walks slowly. (修飾動(dòng)詞用副詞，作狀語(yǔ))n This material is environmentally friendly. （修飾形容詞用副詞，作狀語(yǔ)）n He runs very slowly. （修飾副詞slowly, 因此very是副詞，作狀語(yǔ)）n Unfortunately, he lo

19、st all of his money. （修飾整個(gè)句子用副詞，作狀語(yǔ)）Page 20n 2）可充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)的有：副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式短語(yǔ)或 從句。單個(gè)副詞作狀語(yǔ)一般放在被修飾詞之前，短語(yǔ) 或從句放在句首或句末.n Thank you very much.(副詞表示程度)n The old man is walking slowly. (副詞表示方式)n He usually gets up at six.(副詞表示時(shí)間)n We all work here. (副詞表示地點(diǎn))n I get up at five in the morning.(介詞短語(yǔ)表示時(shí)間)n He is studying hard so as to catch up with others. (不定式短語(yǔ))n We were having breakfast when the telephone rang. (從句)Page 21n【注意】enough作狀語(yǔ)只能放在被修飾詞之后。如：n He is old enough to go to school.Page 22狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)按用途來(lái)分，可以分為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、原因、結(jié)果、目的、條件