中考英語(yǔ)專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)教案

1、中考專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)教案初三使用初中英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)分析與歸納Tiger縱觀現(xiàn)行的初中英語(yǔ)教材，無(wú)論是人教版、新目標(biāo)、廣州版等等，都沒(méi)有脫離教學(xué)大綱的要求；對(duì)于時(shí)態(tài) 和語(yǔ)態(tài)的要求是一致的。在初中階段，學(xué)生必須了解和掌握八種時(shí)態(tài)，兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)。只有很好地掌握好時(shí)態(tài) 和語(yǔ)態(tài)，才能為進(jìn)一步運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言打下堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。下面，我們一起對(duì)此做一分析和歸納。（一） 時(shí)態(tài)所謂時(shí)態(tài)，在英語(yǔ)中，就是通過(guò)動(dòng)詞的不同形式變化來(lái)表達(dá)不同時(shí)間內(nèi)以不同的方式發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的 狀態(tài)。初中階段要求掌握的時(shí)態(tài)如下表：時(shí)1式句一般進(jìn)行完成現(xiàn)在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一過(guò)去一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)將來(lái)一般將來(lái)時(shí)不做要求不做要求過(guò)去將來(lái)

2、:一般過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)不做要求不做要求從上面的表格中，我們可以整體上把握時(shí)態(tài)的形式與結(jié)構(gòu)；我們?cè)倬唧w分析如下：1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)2. 含義：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或經(jīng)常存在的狀態(tài)、習(xí)慣或客觀事實(shí)與真理。3. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)（非第三人稱單數(shù)）+動(dòng)詞原形（be例外）e.g. I play tennis .主語(yǔ)（第三人稱單數(shù)）+動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式e.g. She doesn ' t play tennis. The train leaves every morning at 8 a.m.4. 基本用法：A）表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。特征：常常與頻度副詞或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用如：alw

3、ays ,usually , ever, never , often , sometimes , every day （ week , month etc ）等等。經(jīng)典例析：Peter often goes to his office by underground .”皮特常常坐地鐵上班?！盕ather doesn ' t smoke . "父親不吸煙?！盉）表示不受時(shí)間限制的客觀存在。所謂不受時(shí)間限制的客觀存在即包括客觀真理、格言、科學(xué)事實(shí)等等。 注意：在賓語(yǔ)從句中，動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)不變。e.g. The sun rises in the east and sets in he w

4、est .“太陽(yáng)東升西落?！盇 rolling stone gath ers no moss.“滾石不生苔”。Our teacher said that the moon turns around the earth .C）表示主語(yǔ)的特征、性格、能力等等。e.g. John is an American .She has brown hair .5. 特別提醒：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)時(shí)間：1） 某些瞬間動(dòng)詞如：begin , come , start , leave, arrive, go , come ,stop, return ,open , close等等，強(qiáng)調(diào)事實(shí)的客觀性或不可變更時(shí)，常常

5、用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)替代一般將來(lái)時(shí)。e.g. The plane leaves at 7:30 .Class begins at 8:00 every morning .2）由 if / when / as soon as / before 等 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句（動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）， 主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)或祈使句，或者主句含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+（ V 原形）來(lái)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。e.g. If the phone rings , can you answer it ?Will you go and help to get in the crops when the harvest time c

6、omes ?Work hard and you will succeed .l考點(diǎn)透析： 近來(lái)的中考題加大了綜合能力的考查，把幾種時(shí)態(tài)糅合在一定的語(yǔ)境中或透過(guò)相應(yīng)的句式結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)考查學(xué)生l解題對(duì)策：不能單一地從語(yǔ)法角度考慮，而應(yīng)是結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，綜合思考。5 中考鏈接： They usually TV in the evening . （北京 1999 ）A. watchB. will watchC. are watchingD. watches I ll tell Mrs. Green about it as soon as she back . （浙江 2000 ）A. will come B. i

7、s coming C. comesD. came - Can you guess if they to play basketball with us ?-I think they ll come if they _ free . （ 2001遼寧 ）A. come ; are B. will come ; will beC. will come ; are D. come ; will be We will have to clean the plates before Mother home .（2003 廣東 ）A. will comeB. is comingC. come D. com

8、es We re not sure if it tomorrow . If it , we won t climb the South Hill （ 2004西寧市 ）A.will snow ; snowsB. will snow ; will snowC. snows ; snowsD. snows ; will snow He said that light much faster than sound . （ 沈陽(yáng) ）A. travelledB. will travelC. travelsD. is travelingII.一般過(guò)去時(shí)1 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式（ 規(guī)則動(dòng)詞是在其后

9、+ ed , 不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化要記?。? 基本用法：A） 表示過(guò)去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。特征：常常與頻度副詞連用如：always , usually 等等B） 表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，但現(xiàn)在已終止。用used to 來(lái)表示。C） 表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間內(nèi)的某個(gè)時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。特征： 常常與表示具體的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用如：yesterday, last week , just now , a week ago , in 1998, when she was14 等等。D） 特別提醒：特殊句式：It is / has been + 時(shí)間名詞+ since 從句 （ 用一般過(guò)去式）3

10、 中考鏈接： Sorry , Miss Wang . I the key to the door of the classroom at home. I have togo back for it （ 2001 黑龍江 ）A. leftB. missedC. forgot D. lost It ten years since they to France . （ 2001河北 ）A. was; moved B. was; have moved C. is ; have movedD. is; moved - I m sorry , Mr Wang . I my homework at home

11、- That s OK . But don t forget it to school tomorrow . （ 2004安徽蕪湖）A. forgot ; to takeB. left ; to bringC. forgot ; to bringD. left ; to take He used to very late , but now he is used to early . （2003濰坊市）A. get up ; getting upB. get up ; get upC. getting up ; get upD. getting up ; getting upIII. 一般將來(lái)

12、時(shí)1 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：A. 主語(yǔ) + will / shall + V 原形 （通常 shall 用于第一人稱）B. 主語(yǔ) + be going to + V 原形 （ be 隨著主語(yǔ)的變化，而對(duì)應(yīng)變化）2 基本用法：1） 表示在將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間內(nèi)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。特征：常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：tomorrow , next week （ month , year etc. ） from now on等等。e.g. My father will go to Beijing tomorrow .3 特別提醒：1） be going to + V 原形 ； will +V 原形 在表示“將來(lái)

13、”的區(qū)別。A. 表示說(shuō)話人的計(jì)劃、打算、或準(zhǔn)備要做的事，常用be going to 結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)。e.g. He is going to spend his vacation in Hawaii .We re going to meet each other tonight at 7:00 PM.B. 表示根據(jù)現(xiàn)有的情況一種推測(cè)或預(yù)言將要發(fā)生的事情。常用be going to 結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)。e.g. Look at the cloud. It is going to rain .2） 在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來(lái)表示將來(lái)。e.g. I ll give the note to him

14、 as soon as he comes back .4 中考鏈接： - Mike wants to know if a picnic tomorrow .- Yes. But if it , we ll v isit the museum instead . （ 2001河北 ）A. you have ; will rainB. you will have ; will rainC. you will have ; rainsD. will you have ; rains I don t know if she me when she .（2000 黑龍江）A. tells ; arriv

15、esB. tells; will arriveC. will tell ; will arriveD. will tell ;arrives. - Do you know when the world cup next week ?- Next Friday . When it , I will ring you .A. begins ; beginB. begins ; will beginC. will begin ; will beginD. will begin ; beginsIV. 一般過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)1 含義：表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間內(nèi)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。2 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：would + V 原形

16、; was /were going to + V 原形。常常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中。經(jīng)典例析：She said that she would go to Sweden .Tom said he was going to swim next week3 特別提醒：would 常?？s寫成為d. 如： I d ; you d . 等。4 中考鏈接：1） The teacher said that she us to the park the next day . （北京 1993 ）A. will takeB. has takenC. would takeD. is taking2） - What did

17、the scientists say ? （2001廣州 ）- He said he wondered if into space by spaceship one day .A. he had to flyB. he could flyC. can be flyD. could he flyV.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+ be + V ing （be 的形式隨主語(yǔ)的變化而變化）2 基本用法：1） 表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。特征：常常與 now或具體的時(shí)間連用，有時(shí)句中會(huì)有感官動(dòng)詞來(lái)提示，或上下文來(lái)暗示。e.g. Look ! The car is coming to you .- What

18、 are you doing ?- I m writing a letter to my mother.2） 表示現(xiàn)階段一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。特征：這類動(dòng)詞常常是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。常與at present ， this week ,these days 等連用。e.g. At present , computers are playing a more and more important role .3 特別提醒：A. 表示位置移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞如：come , go , leave , arrive , start , begin , fly , return 等，常常用其進(jìn)行時(shí)來(lái)表示將來(lái)。e.g. I am

19、 leaving for Nanjing tomorrow .B. 感官動(dòng)詞不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。如：see , hear, smell , taste, feel等等。C. 表示感情的動(dòng)詞如：love ,hate , fear, like , prefer等不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)。D. 表示思考和理解意義的動(dòng)詞如：know , understand , believe, think , forget, remember 等等不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)。4中考鏈接：.Don t talk loudly here. My little baby . （ 2003遼寧 ）A. has gone out B. is sle

20、epingC. sleeps D. went to school People in Qingdao learning English to get ready for the 2008 Olympic Games.A. is active inB. takes an active part in（2003 青島 ）C. are taking an active part inD. are joining Be quick ,the monitor for you in the library . （河南 ）A. was waitingB. waitsC. is waitingD. waite

21、dVI. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)1 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ) + be （was / were ） + V ing （形式）2 基本用法：表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。特征：常常與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用如：then , at this / that time , at 9 last night等等。經(jīng)典例析：I was watching TV at 9 last night .3 特別提醒：表示位置移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞如：come , go , leave , arrive , start , begin , fly , return等，常常用其進(jìn)行時(shí)來(lái)表示過(guò)去將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。He didn t s

22、aid when he was going .特殊句式：A. 主語(yǔ) + （ 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)）； when 引導(dǎo)的從句（一般過(guò)去時(shí)） 表示動(dòng)作的暫時(shí)性When she knocked at the door , I was doing my homework.有時(shí)，when引導(dǎo)的從句，也可以用進(jìn)行時(shí)，關(guān)鍵看這個(gè)動(dòng)詞是不是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。When I was walking in the park , I dropped my wallet .B. 主語(yǔ) + （一般過(guò)去時(shí)）； while 引導(dǎo)的從句（過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)） 表示動(dòng)作的延續(xù)性While Jim was making a cake , the bell

23、 rang .C. 主語(yǔ) + （過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)）；while 引導(dǎo)的從句（過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)） 表示兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或進(jìn)行Some students were playing basketball , while others were walking around the corner .4 中考鏈接：1） When her father came back home , Joan with her friend . （ 2002南州市 ）A. talkedB. talksC. is talkingD. was talking2） - Hi! Lin Tao . I didn t see you at

24、the party .- Oh, I ready for the maths exam .A. am getting B. was gettingC. gotD. have got3） When the teacher came in , the students about the new film . （ 2004烏魯木齊）A. are talking B. were talkingC. talked D. talks4） - Rick ! Your jacket is wet through . Didn t you listen to the weather report this m

25、orning ?- No, I didn t . I was in a hurry . Besides , it when I left . （ 2004廣州市）A. hadn t rained B. would rainC. rainedD. wasn t rainingVII. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+ have / has + V ed（形式）2 基本用法：1） 表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，但強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響。特征： 不能與表示具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如： yesterday ,last week , when I was a child , at that moment , that d

26、ay , when I lived in Japan .等等； 但常常與 ever , never , already , once , many times , several times , before , so far , yet , just等一起使用。經(jīng)典例析：I have seen that movie three times .There have been many earthquakes in California .2） 表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，還可能繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。特征：常常與since , for , inthe past + 時(shí)間名詞，in the

27、last + 時(shí)間名詞時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用, 而且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要求是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。經(jīng)典例析：I have lived in Guangzhou for five years .My English has really improved since I moved to Australia .The old farmer has been dead for a month . （不能用 has died ）3）表示一種“經(jīng)歷或體驗(yàn)”. 既可以表示經(jīng)歷過(guò)也可以是從來(lái)都沒(méi)有經(jīng)歷過(guò)。經(jīng)典例析：I think I have seen that movie before .He has never traveled

28、by train .3 特別提醒：區(qū)分have been to 與 have gone tohave / has been to “表示到過(guò)/ 去過(guò)某地”強(qiáng)調(diào)此人在此地。Have gone to "表示去的途中“強(qiáng)調(diào)此人不在此地。4 中考鏈接：1） I don t think Iyou in that dress before . （ 2003北京海淀區(qū)）2） - Mum, may I go out and play basketball- youyour homework yet ?（ 2003 天津 ）A. Do ; finishB. Are ; finishing3） - Lu

29、cy , you your ticket ?- Not yet .C. Did ; finishD. Have ; finished（ 2003 河北 ）A. did ; findB. have ; foundC. has; foundD. do ; find4） - Oh, Mrs King , your necklace looks nice . Is it new ?- No, I it for two years .A. hadB. have had（ 2003 黃崗）C. boughtD. have bought5） - Where s Mr Lee ? I have somethi

30、ng unusual to tell him . （ 2003黑龍江）A. have seenB. was seeingC. sawD. see- You find him . He Japan .A. may not ; has gone toB. may not; has been toC. can t ; has gone toD. can t ; has been toVIII. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)1 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+ had + V ed （分詞） 2 基本用法：1）表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作。就是“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”經(jīng)典例析：I had studied a little En

31、glish when I came to the U. S.2）表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開始，持續(xù)到過(guò)去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。特征：常常與由for / since 引導(dǎo)的表示一段時(shí)間或從句連用。Comrade Hu had taught inNo. 1 Middle School for ten years before he came here.3 特別提醒：當(dāng)我們強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的先后關(guān)系，句子由before , after , as soon as , when等引導(dǎo)從句，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，此時(shí)，主句的時(shí)態(tài)可以用過(guò)去完成時(shí)也可用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。I had finished my homework befo

32、re 10 o clock yesterday evening .When we got to the cinema the movie had begun .By the end of last year , I had collected five hundred stamps .4 .中考鏈接：1） - Did you see Tom at the party ?- No, he by the time I got there.A. leftB. was leavingC. had leftD. has left2 ） Why didn' t you go to the movi

33、e yesterday ?一Because I it before .（ 2 0 0 4 山東煙臺(tái)）A. had watched B. have seenC. have watchedD. had seen （ 二 ） 語(yǔ)態(tài)所謂語(yǔ)態(tài)，就是說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)之間關(guān)系的一種動(dòng)詞形式。分兩種形式：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：句中的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或發(fā)出者。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：句中的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者或接受者。語(yǔ)態(tài)的考查是全國(guó)各地中考的熱點(diǎn)，也是初中必須掌握的語(yǔ)法之一。我們重點(diǎn)學(xué)習(xí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。? 實(shí)際上 , 英語(yǔ)中的被動(dòng)式就相當(dāng)于漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)中的”把字句和被字句”. 即 : ”把怎樣“；”被 怎樣”初中階段我們學(xué)習(xí)了七被動(dòng)式結(jié)構(gòu)，歸納如

34、下： 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)式:?結(jié)構(gòu)：am /is / are + Ved(過(guò)去分詞)?例句： My brother asks me to clean the windows.( 主動(dòng)句句式)?步驟：?1).找到主動(dòng)句中的賓語(yǔ)，如果有雙賓語(yǔ)(間賓/直賓)，把間賓作為被動(dòng)句中的主語(yǔ).?2).確定主動(dòng)句中的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài).?3).對(duì)應(yīng)變換為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu).?4).有時(shí)，主動(dòng)句中的主語(yǔ)在被動(dòng)式中可省略.?被動(dòng)式：I am asked to clean the windows by(my brother ).現(xiàn)在完成式的被動(dòng)式：?結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+ have / has + been +Ved.?例句：?We have f

35、inished our homework already.?改： Our homework has been finished already (by us )現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)式：?結(jié)構(gòu)： am / is / are + being Ved?例句：?Look, the students are playing basketball in the open air.?Basketball is being played by the students in the open air .過(guò)去式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)式：?結(jié)構(gòu)：was / were + Ved?例句：?We cooked th

36、e lunch an hour ago .?改：The lunch was cooked ( by us ) an hour ago .?We didn' t make the model plane.?The model plane wasn ' t made by us.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)式：?結(jié)構(gòu)： was / were + being + Ved?例句：?He was watching TV when I called him last night.?TV was being watched by him when I called him last night .過(guò)去完成式的被動(dòng)式 ：?結(jié)構(gòu)：had +been+ V ed?例句：?By the end of last term , we had learned about eight hundred English words .?About eight hundred English words had been learned by us ,by the end of last term .一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)式:?結(jié)構(gòu) ： will / b