四級閱讀命題考點規(guī)律及其對應(yīng)題型

1、四級閱讀考點命題規(guī)律及其對應(yīng)題型華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)外語系 湖北 武漢 430070 胡素芬 閱讀理解在四級考試中的分量可以說是不謂不大也。有人曾說得閱讀者得天下。然而許多考試在做閱讀時，還是“盲人騎瞎馬”，只是一味地閱讀沒有抓住其命題考點命題規(guī)律。筆者通過分析研究英語四、六級考試閱讀理解歷屆考題，發(fā)現(xiàn)命題者命制的考點是有一定規(guī)律的，且考點規(guī)律常與某種題型（主旨題、細節(jié)題、邏輯題、觀點態(tài)度題、詞義題）相對應(yīng)。如果考生掌握了這些規(guī)律，就能在第一遍快速閱讀短文時，敏銳地捕捉到考點并能預(yù)測可能會出的題型。考生此時應(yīng)用筆在這些可能會出題的考點輕輕劃上記號，等看完短文開始做題時，針對題干的提問，迅速找到做記號的

2、考點，再仔細分析、答題。這樣，考生就能節(jié)省不少時間，從而避免開始做題時又要通閱全文盲目找考點。下面就以2005年1月閱讀理解第4篇為例，歸納和分析這些考點規(guī)律及對應(yīng)題型。 Exercise is one of the few factors with a positive role in long-term maintenance of body weight. Unfortunately, that message has not gotten through to the average American, who would rather try switching to "l

3、ight" beer and low-calorie bread than increase physical exertion. The Centers for Disease Control, for example, found that fewer than one-fourth of overweight adults who were trying to shed pounds said they were combining exercise with their diet. In rejecting exercise, some people may be disco

4、uraged too much by caloric-expenditure charts; for example, one would have to briskly walk three miles just to work off the 275 calories in one delicious Danish pastry (小甜餅). Even exercise professionals concede half a point here. "Exercise by itself is a very tough way to lose weight," say

5、s York Onnen, program director of the President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports.Still, exercise's supporting role in weight reduction is vital. A study at the Boston University Medical Center of overweight police officers and other public employees confirmed that those who dieted wi

6、thout exercise regained almost all their old weight, while those who worked exercise into their daily routine maintained their new weight.If you have been sedentary (極少活動的) and decide to start walking one mile a day, the added exercise could burn an extra 100 calories daily. In a year's time, as

7、suming no increase in food intake, you could lose ten pounds. By increasing the distance of your walks gradually and making other dietary adjustments, you may lose even more weight.26. What is said about the average American in the passage?A) They tend to exaggerate the healthful effect of "lig

8、ht" beer.B) They usually ignore the effect of exercise on losing weight.C) They prefer "light" beer and low-calorie bread to other drinks and food.D) They know the factors that play a positive role in keeping down body weight.27. Some people dislike exercise because . A) they think it

9、 is physically exhaustingB) they find it hard to exercise while on a dietC) they don't think it possible to walk 3 miles every dayD) they find consulting caloric-expenditure charts troublesome28. “Even exercise professionals concede half a point here” (Line 3, Para. 2) means “They . ”A) agree th

10、at the calories in a small piece of pastry can be difficult to work off by exerciseB) partially believe diet plays a supporting role in weight reductionC) are not fully convinced that dieting can help maintain one's new weightD) are not sufficiently informed of the positive role of exercise in l

11、osing weight29. What was confirmed by the Boston University Medical Center's study?A) Controlling ones calorie intake is more important than doing exercise.B) Even occasional exercise can help reduce weight.C) Weight reduction is impossible without exercise.D) One could lose ten pounds in a year

12、's time if there's no increase in food intake.30. What is the authors purpose in writing this article? A) To justify the study of the Boston University Medical Center. B) To stress the importance of maintaining proper weight. C) To support the statement made by York Onnen. D) To show the mos

13、t effective way to lose weight.1、列舉處?？?列舉處指的是First,，second, ，Third, 等逐步列出；或者在主題句之后有兩個以上的支撐句來闡述主題句?？碱}要求考生從列舉出的內(nèi)容中，選出符合題干要求的答案項。該考點常出題型是"細節(jié)事實題"。第26題就屬于此類型考題。文章在第一段說，美國很多人都沒有意識到鍛煉對保持體重的重要作用，首先作者說他們寧愿喝輕度啤酒或者吃低熱量的餅干，然后引用“疾病防止中心”的報告，指出不到四分之一的體重超重的美國人使用節(jié)食輔以體育鍛煉減肥的。通過這兩層意思，讀者可以知道美國人忽視了體育鍛煉在減肥方面的作用

14、，因此正確答案是B) They usually ignore the effect of exercise on losing weight。2、原因結(jié)果處常考這是考生必須注意的地方。作者在文章中有時會用表示原因“since，because，for ，in that”，或者結(jié)果“as a result， therefore ，hence， thus，so ”等信息詞?？忌陂喿x時，要邊讀邊在這些信息詞的下面作上記號，以便查尋信息。有時文章中雖然沒有這些信息詞，但是根據(jù)上下文句意，包含了因果關(guān)系，也是值得考生注意的。27. Some people dislike exercise because

15、 . 此題就屬于這種考點題。在第2自然段段開頭，作者說美國人拒絕鍛煉，（是因為）當(dāng)他們看到熱量消耗表時就泄氣了，接著作者舉例說因為人們必須快走三英里才能夠消耗掉一個小甜餅里的275卡的熱量。還引用專家的話，表明運動太辛苦了。因此正確答案是A) they think it is physically exhausting。3、引用人物論斷處?？?作者為了正確表達出自己觀點或使論點更有依據(jù)，常常引用某名人的論斷或重要發(fā)現(xiàn)等。命題者常在此作文章。多以"推理性"題為主，有時也出"細節(jié)事實性"題型。引用，顧名思義，就是把別人的話用引號放在自己的文章中，加上諸如“h

16、e says ，he said ，professor Smith thinks , he concludes ”等詞。因此，考生看到有引用的地方，就要“條件反射地”做上記號，因為此處極有可能就是考點。第28題就是關(guān)于對人物論斷的理解?！癊ven exercise professionals concede half a point here” (Line 3, Para. 2) means “They . ” 文章第2自然段中有一句引用"Exercise by itself is a very tough way to lose weight," says York Onn

17、en。此題為"推斷性"題型。我們可以通過對他所說話的理解，推斷出答案為D) are not sufficiently informed of the positive role of exercise in losing weight。 4、舉例子打比喻的地方?？?為了使自己的觀點更有說服力、更加明確，作者經(jīng)常用具體的例子打比方，句中常由as, such as, for example, for instance等引導(dǎo)的短語或句子作為舉例句，這些例句或比喻成為命題者提問的焦點?？忌枳⒁獾氖抢踊虮扔饕话闶呛臀恼禄蚨温渲行木o密相關(guān)的，常以"細節(jié)事實性"題

18、型和"推斷性"題型出現(xiàn)，但偏傾于"推斷性"題型。文章第3自然段主題句為Still, exercise's supporting role in weight reduction is vital. 接著作者就舉例說明。A study at the Boston University Medical Center of overweight police officers and other public employees confirmed that those who dieted without exercise regained almost all their old weight, while those who worked exercise into their daily routine maintained their new weight. 此題為"細節(jié)事實性"，答案為C) Weight reduction is impossible without exercise. 這篇文章的最后問題是30. What is the authors purpose in writing this article? 這是一個關(guān)于主題思想和作者寫作目的的題。要做對這一類型的題也不難。也