cultureshock中英文對照

1、Culture Shock Cause and SymptomsKalvero ObergCulture shock might be called an occupational disease of people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad. Like most diseases, it has its own symptoms.文化休克是突然移居國外的人的一種職業(yè)病. 像大多數(shù)疾病一樣,它有自己的征兆.Culture shock is caused by the anxiety that results from los

2、ing all our familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse. Those signs or cues include the thousand and one ways with which we are familiar in the situation of daily life: when to shake hands and what to say when we meet people, when and how to give tips, how to go shopping, when to accept and wh

3、en to refuse invitations, when to take statements seriously and when not. These cues, which may be words, gestures, facial expressions, customs, or norms, are acquired by all of us in the course of growing up and are as much a part of our culture as the language we speak or the beliefs we accept. Al

4、l of us depend for our peace of mind and our efficiency on hundreds of these cues, often with our conscious awareness.文化休克是由于失去我們熟悉的標(biāo)志和社會(huì)環(huán)境而導(dǎo)致的焦慮.這些標(biāo)志包括我們熟悉的日常生活,遇到別人知道何時(shí)握手,說些什么,知道什么時(shí)候如何給小費(fèi),如何購物,何時(shí)接受或拒絕邀請,何時(shí)嚴(yán)肅何時(shí)放松.這些可能是語言,手勢,面部表情,風(fēng)俗或規(guī)定,我們成長的過程中一直遵守,是文化的一部分,就像我們語言或信仰一樣.我們依靠這些思想和標(biāo)志,成為我們的潛意識(shí). Now when

5、a person enters a strange culture, all or most of these familiar cues are removed, He or she is like a fish out of water. No matter how broad-minded or full of goodwill you may be,a series of props have knocked from under you, followed by a feeling of frustration and anxiety. People react to the fru

6、stration in much the same way. First they reject the environment which causes the discomfort. “The ways of the host country are bad because they made us feel bad.” When foreigners in a strange land get together to grumble about the host country and its people, you can be sure they are suffering from

7、 culture shock. Another symptom of culture shock is regression. To the foreigner everything becomes irrationally glorified. All the difficulties and problems are forgotten and only the good things back home are remembered. It usually takes a trip home to bring one back to reality.當(dāng)一個(gè)人進(jìn)入一個(gè)陌生的環(huán)境,所以這些熟

8、悉的線索都消失了.他就像一條離開了水的魚, 不管你有多么的思想開放多么的友好善良,一系列的問題會(huì)來到你的身邊,帶給你沮喪和焦慮.人們對挫折的反應(yīng)大致相同,首先是拒絕帶給他不適的環(huán)境, “這個(gè)國家很壞因?yàn)樗屛腋杏X很壞”.當(dāng)一個(gè)陌生地方的人一起抱怨這個(gè)國家和這個(gè)國家的人, 你就可以肯定他們正在遭受文化沖擊.文化休克的另一個(gè)癥狀就是逃避.對于一個(gè)外國人來說每一樣事物都變的無法忍受.所有的困難和問題都忘記了,只剩下回家這一個(gè)念頭. 通常只有一趟回家之旅才會(huì)把他帶回現(xiàn)實(shí).Some of the symptoms of culture shock are: excessiv

9、e washing of the hands; excessive concern over drinking water, food dishes, and bedding; fear of physical contact with attendants; the absent-minded stare; a feeling of helplessness and a desire for dependence on long-term residents of one's own nationality; fits of anger over minor frustrations

10、; great concern over minor pains and eruptions of the skin; and finally, that terrible longing to be back home.文化休克的另一些癥狀是:過度的洗手,過度關(guān)注飲用水,食物,床上用品,恐懼與服務(wù)員身體接觸,失神凝望,感覺很無助,渴望依賴在這里長期居住的同國籍的人, 小事就能引起憤怒,對輕微的疼痛和皮疹過度關(guān)注, 最終極度渴望重返家園.Individual differ greatly in the degree in which culture shock affect

11、s them. Although not common, there are individual who cannot live in foreign countries. However, those who have seen people go through culture shock and on to a satisfactory adjustment can see steps in the process.文化沖擊對不同的人有不同程度的影響.盡管并不普遍, 有些人不能在國外生活.然而,可以看看有些已經(jīng)克服文化沖擊并且有一個(gè)滿意的調(diào)整,可以參照一下步驟.Stages

12、of AdjustmentRaymond ZeuschnerKalvero Oberg describes four stages that people go through when they experience situations that are very different from those to which they are accustomed. Examples of such situations include moving to a new city, traveling to anew country, and becoming part of a new or

13、ganization, military unit or corporation.Kalvero Oberg介紹了適應(yīng)與他們熟悉的環(huán)境有很大不同的情況有四個(gè)階段.包括移居到一個(gè)新的城市,前往一個(gè)新的國家,成為一個(gè)組織,軍隊(duì)或公司的一員.Stage one is a honeymoon phase, during which the new experience is perceived to be interesting, picturesque, entertaining, and charming. You may notice several superficial difference

14、s such as music, food and clothing, and the fresh appeal of the new experience keeps you feeling interested and positive. If you are a real tourist, you probably do not stay long enough for this phase to wear off but go on to the next new location or experience. There are people who frequently chang

15、e jobs, majors, romantic partners, travel plans, clothing styles, foods, diets, or cars so that they never get very far away from the honeymoon stage of culture shock. It is very pleasant to travel and to try out and explore whatever is new.第一階段是一個(gè)蜜月期.在此期間新的體驗(yàn)被認(rèn)為是有趣的,美麗的,好玩的,迷人的.你可能會(huì)注意到一些膚淺的差異,比如音樂,

16、食物,衣服,新經(jīng)驗(yàn)讓你感覺新鮮有趣.如果你是一個(gè)真正的旅游者,在這個(gè)階段不會(huì)停留很久,因?yàn)闀?huì)去新的地方,有新的經(jīng)歷.有些人經(jīng)常更換工作, 專業(yè)的浪漫的合作者,旅行計(jì)劃,服裝風(fēng)格,食品,飲食,或汽車,因此,他們離文化沖擊很遠(yuǎn).蜜月階段是非常愉快的旅行,并嘗試和探索一切新的東西.When you stay in a new environment for a while, you move to stage twothe crisis stagein which the shine wears off and the day-to-day realities sink in. In a

17、relationship, you notice annoying habbits; in a new country, you find barriers to establishing connections or to learning the language beyond a few polite phrases. Suddenly, your new major includes a class or a professor you dislike. The difficulties and unpleasantness of realities replace the charm

18、ing and picturesque “honeymoon.' However, if you stick with the experience and try to deal with it realistically, you will probably move to the third phase of culture shock: recovery.當(dāng)你在一個(gè)新環(huán)境待一段時(shí)間,你就進(jìn)入了第二階段危機(jī)階段在這個(gè)階段所以的光環(huán)消退,現(xiàn)實(shí)的環(huán)境擺在你面前.在人際關(guān)系方面,你發(fā)現(xiàn)了令人煩惱的障礙,在一個(gè)新的國家,你發(fā)現(xiàn)建立人際關(guān)系學(xué)習(xí)新的語言是有障礙的,比起第一個(gè)階段來.突然之間

19、,你的新專業(yè)涉及到的課程和教授你都不喜歡.困難和不愉快的現(xiàn)實(shí)取代了第一階段迷人的蜜月期.然而,如果你能夠堅(jiān)持下去并且嘗試去處理,你可能會(huì)進(jìn)去文化沖擊的第三階段:恢復(fù).In recovery, you learn the systems, procedures, language, or nonverbal behaviors of the new environment so that you can cope with it on the basis of some mastery, competence, and comfort. After about two weeks in Lond

20、on, I began to feel familiar with traveling by 'tube,“ shopping nearly every day for groceries, paying in the correct currency, buying a newspaper, and using some phrases that are unique to English people. I had the advantage of speaking the same basic language and of sharing a great deal with t

21、he English in some broad, cultural aspects. In a country that was very different from my own, It would probably have taken me longer to move into the recovery phase.在恢復(fù)階段,你學(xué)習(xí)新環(huán)境里的制度,程序,語言,行為以便能夠熟練駕馭.在倫敦大概兩周之后,我開始熟悉乘坐地鐵旅行,幾乎每天去雜貨店物,用正確的貨幣支付,買報(bào)紙,使用一些當(dāng)?shù)厝瞬庞玫挠⒄Z.文化方面我有說同種語言的優(yōu)勢.在一個(gè)與我自己的國家有很大不同的地方,可能讓我用更長的時(shí)

22、間去進(jìn)入恢復(fù)階段.Finally,the fourth, or adjustment, phase occurs when you feel that you function well and almost automatically in the new culture. You no longer need to make mental conversions of the country's money; you know where services are located and how to use them; you understand some of the customs that accompany ordinary life, and it is relatively easy for you to adjust to them. A greater enjoyment of the new experience is now possible, and you may regain some of the initial positive regard you had in the ho