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1、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)考點(diǎn)追蹤近幾年高考試題側(cè)重對(duì)動(dòng)詞各種用法的考查,其中又以考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)為重中之重。為了幫助同學(xué)們備考,以近幾年高考題為例,對(duì)高考??嫉臅r(shí)態(tài)的概念及考點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分析歸納。 一、對(duì)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的考查 1)考查其基本概念:一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示一個(gè)習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作。常與表示習(xí)慣的副詞always, every time, now and then, occasionally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually 等連用。但近幾年,對(duì)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的考查常用過去時(shí)態(tài)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)對(duì)同學(xué)們進(jìn)行干擾。如:
2、60; 1. Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across the open sea, which _ the Pacific, and we met no storm. (2005年遼寧卷) A. was called B. is called C. had been called D. has been called (劃線的為答案,以下同)
3、; 2. Although he has lived with us for years, he _ us much impression. (2004年上海春季卷) A. hadnt left B. didnt leave C. doesnt leave D. hasnt left 2)考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的替代用法:在以when, till/ until, as soon as, by the
4、time, after, before 等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句,在以if, unless, once等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句和以no matter, however, even if 等詞引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中,如果主句中的動(dòng)詞用一般將來時(shí),從句中的動(dòng)詞通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。如: 3. What would you do if it _ tomorrow? We have to carry it on , since weve got everything ready. (2005年全國卷)
5、60; A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. is raining 二、對(duì)一般過去時(shí)的考查 一般過去時(shí)表示在過去某時(shí)某刻發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),它常與表過去的時(shí)間狀語連用,如yesterday, last year, last night, the other day, just now, then, two days ago, in 1999, at that t
6、ime等。但是一般過去時(shí)也經(jīng)常用在沒有說明過去的時(shí)間狀語的句子中,這是高考的命題方向。如: 4. More than a dozen students in that school _ abroad to study medicine last year. (2005年上海卷) A. sent B. were sent C. had sent D. had been sent
7、60; 三、對(duì)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的考查 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)由“be+現(xiàn)在分詞”,被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)為“amisare being+過去分詞”構(gòu)成。如: 5. Whats the terrible noise? The neighbors _ for a party. (2004年北京卷) A. have prepared B. are preparing C. prepare
8、0; D. will prepare 注表示感覺、愿望和狀態(tài)的某些動(dòng)詞have, hear, see, like, contain, belong to, have on, understand, know 等一般不用進(jìn)行時(shí)。 進(jìn)行時(shí)與always, often, forever, constantly等連用,表示一種感情(如贊揚(yáng)、厭煩等)。 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的區(qū)別是:前者表示動(dòng)作的暫時(shí)性而后者表示動(dòng)作的長期性。 四、對(duì)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的考查
9、; 1)把過去進(jìn)行時(shí)放在when, while, as 等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中考查。如果主句謂語和從句謂語都發(fā)生在過去,動(dòng)作時(shí)間長的用過去進(jìn)行時(shí),表達(dá)談話背景;動(dòng)作時(shí)間短的用一般過去時(shí),表達(dá)新的信息。 6. You were out when I dropped in at your house. Oh, I _ for a friend from England at the airport. (2004年福建卷) A. was waiting
10、60; B. had waited C. am waiting D. have waited 2)把過去進(jìn)行時(shí)放在某特定的語境中考查。 7. Has Sam finished his homework today? I have no idea. He _ it this morning. (2004年全國卷) A. did
11、; B. has done C. was doing D. had done 3)考查過去進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的比較。 8. Shirely _ a book about China last year but I dont know whether she has finished it. A. has written B. wrote
12、; C. had written D. was writing 五、對(duì)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的考查 1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不僅表示動(dòng)作在說話之前已經(jīng)完成,而且強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響或表示經(jīng)驗(yàn)。 9. He was hoping to go abroad but his parents _ that they wont support him unless he can borrow money from the bank.(2005年湖北卷)
13、0; A. were deciding B. have decided C. decided D. will decide 10. Millions of pounds worth of damage _ by a storm which swept across the north of England last night. (2005年重慶卷) A. has been caused
14、60; B. had been caused C. will be caused D. will have been caused 2)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)至今并有可能繼續(xù)下去,常與for或since 等短語連用。如: 11. The window is dirty. I know. It _ for weeks. (2004年全國卷) A. hasnt
15、cleaned B. didnt clean C. wasnt cleaned D. hasnt been cleaned 注:由終止性動(dòng)詞leave, arrive, come, go, return, begin, start, put, stop, start, put, stop, die, fall, buy, borrow, see等構(gòu)成的完成時(shí)不能與for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用。但這些終止性動(dòng)詞的否定式可以與for或since短語
16、連用。如:I havent met him for two years. 3)考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去式的區(qū)別:一般過去時(shí)著重說明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式等,與現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生聯(lián)系,且句中一般有表示過去的時(shí)間狀語;而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)只說明現(xiàn)在的情況,對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響。如: 12. Where _ the recorder? I cant see it anywhere. I _ it right here. But now its gone. A. did you
17、put; have put B. have you put; put C. had you put; was putting D. were you putting; put 六、對(duì)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的考查 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)是由“have / has been+現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成,表示從過去某一時(shí)刻發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并且還可能繼續(xù)下去。它與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別如下: 1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)
18、的是完成的動(dòng)作,而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)是持續(xù)了一段時(shí)間的動(dòng)作,這個(gè)動(dòng)作剛停止或仍在繼續(xù)。如: I have written an article. (已完成) I have been writing an article. (還在寫) 2)有些延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,如live, teach, work, study, learn, stay等因現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)差別不大。如: I have
19、 lived here for ten years. = I have been living here for ten years. 另外注意的是:表短暫動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞(finish, marry, get up, come, go等)一般不能用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。 13. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy _ going back to school, but she hasnt decided yet. (2004年北京卷) A. had conside
20、red B. has been considering C. considered D. is going to consider 七、對(duì)過去完成時(shí)態(tài)的考查 過去完成時(shí),經(jīng)常以“過去”為背景,要想表達(dá)比這一背景更早的動(dòng)作,常用此時(shí)態(tài)。如: 14. George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding?&
21、#160; No, I _. Did they have a big wedding? (2004年湖北卷) A. was not invited B. have not been invited C. hadnt been invited D. didnt invite 過去完成時(shí)的常見考點(diǎn)有: 1)把過去完成時(shí)放在含有when, before, afte
22、r, until, as soon as等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句的復(fù)合句中考查。如: 15. When the old man _ to walk back to his house, the sun _ itself behind the mountain. (2005年湖北卷) A. started; had already hidden B. had started; had already hidden C. had started; was hiding
23、160; D. was starting; hid 2) 把過去完成時(shí)放在by + 時(shí)間點(diǎn)或by the time + 從句的句子里考查。如: 16. By the end of last year, another new gymnasium _ in Beijing. (2003年上海春) A. would be completed B. was being completed C. ha
24、snt been completed D. had been completed 3)把過去完成時(shí)放在scarcely (hardly)when和no soonerthan結(jié)構(gòu)中考查。 17. He_ to the lab than he set out to do the experiment. A. has no sooner got B. no sooner got
25、60; C. will no sooner get D. had no sooner got 4)把過去完成時(shí)放在主句是過去式的賓語從句中考查。如: 18. Hurry up! Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate. Oh! I thought they _ without me. (2005年江西卷) A. w
26、ent B. are going C. have gone D. had gone 5)表愿望的動(dòng)詞think, hope, want, mean 等動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí),表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的打算或意圖。如: 19. Tom _ of visiting his grandmother, but the bad weather made him change his mind.
27、 A. has thought B. thought C. had thought D. had been thought 6)把過去完成時(shí)放在某些固定句式中考查。如:“It was + 時(shí)間段 + since引導(dǎo)的從句”和“It was the first time + 從句”等. 20. They asked me to have a drink with them. I said that it
28、was at least ten years since I_ a good drink. A. had enjoyed B. was enjoying C. enjoyed D. had been enjoyed 八、對(duì)將來時(shí)態(tài)的考查 一般將來時(shí)的謂語動(dòng)詞形式有be going to+動(dòng)詞原形;will / shall+ 動(dòng)詞原形; be to + 動(dòng)詞原形所在的句中一般有時(shí)間
29、狀語;但be about to do不可與段時(shí)間狀語連用。 常見考點(diǎn)如下: 1)把將來時(shí)放在祈使句中考查。由于祈使句具有假設(shè)條件意義,后一分句在這一條件下要產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果,所以要用將來時(shí)。如: 21. Lets keep to the point or we _ any decisions. (2004年全國卷) A. will never reach B. have never reached
30、 C. never reach D. never reached 2)某些移動(dòng)性動(dòng)詞或趨向動(dòng)詞如leave, start, go ,arrive, come, stay,finish等用進(jìn)行時(shí)可表示將來意義。如: 22. Are you still busy? Yes, I _ my work, and it wont take long. (2005年浙江卷) A. just finish &
31、#160; B. am just finishing C. have just finished D. am just going to finish 3)考查“be going to+動(dòng)詞原形”與“will + 動(dòng)詞原形”的區(qū)別:前者表示已經(jīng)決定或安排要做的事,而后者表示“臨時(shí)決定去做某事”。如: 23. Did you tell Julia about the result? Oh, no, I forgot. I _ her now.
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