高考英語(yǔ)閱讀策略之猜測(cè)詞義

1、【精品文檔】如有侵權(quán)，請(qǐng)聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除，僅供學(xué)習(xí)與交流高考英語(yǔ)閱讀策略之猜測(cè)詞義.精品文檔.高考英語(yǔ)閱讀策略之猜測(cè)詞義猜測(cè)詞義是英語(yǔ)閱讀的一種重要技巧，也是高考中?？嫉念}型，是考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章上下文語(yǔ)境理解及詞匯量等多方面綜合能力。詞義猜測(cè)題常見(jiàn)的考查形式：1) What is the meaning of the underlined word in the paragraph? / What does the underlined word mean?2) The phrase “” in the sentence could be replaced by _.3) The word “” i

2、n the paragraph refers to _.4) Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the phrase”?5) By saying “” in the first (second) paragraph, the author means that _.6) What do you think the expression “” stand for?考查方向：1.熟詞新意，即熟悉詞匯的陌生含義；2.復(fù)合詞的含義的理解，對(duì)于衍生詞匯的理解能力；3.根據(jù)上下文對(duì)代詞的指代含義的理解能力；4.根據(jù)上下文對(duì)不認(rèn)識(shí)單詞的詞

3、義判斷能力；5.對(duì)諺語(yǔ)、俗語(yǔ)、俚語(yǔ)含義的理解能力；6.通過(guò)近義詞、反義詞和常識(shí)理解詞匯的能力。Example 11. Anthropology is the scientific study of mankind. 詞義：_2.The term jam constitutes a state in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation. 詞義：_3.It will be very hard but very brittle that is , it will break easily. 詞義：_4.Th

4、e herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.詞義:_Skill 1： 通過(guò)定義或解釋來(lái)猜測(cè)定義常由定語(yǔ)從句或be called，be known as, be defined as，constitute，refer to等詞匯或破折號(hào)，冒號(hào)，括號(hào)來(lái)引導(dǎo)。解釋常由or, that is (to say), in other words，to put it another way引出一些具體的解釋性的短語(yǔ)。Practice 1“Getting the cold shoulder” means that some o

5、ne is actually in a way that makes you feel unwanted. The very words create a picture: You can imagine a friend turning away so that, instead of a warm greeting, you receive only his shoulder a “cold” shoulder.The expression “getting the cold shoulder” means _. A.being treated rudely by paying no at

6、tention to you B. greeting you friendlyC. greeting you by rubbing shoulders with you D. feeding you cold meatExample 21.You may borrow from the library any periodicals: The World of English, English Square, Crazy English , English Learning. 詞義：_2. Collins decided that she must go, although the

7、hazards of the trip were many, for example, the unbearable heat, the possibility of getting lost 詞義：_3.Today young couples often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instance, washing machines, refrigerators and color televisions. 詞義：_Skill 2： 通過(guò)舉例猜測(cè)常用such as, like,for example, for instance等

8、引出例子。Practice 2:I left university with a good degree in English Literature,but no sense of what I wanted to do. Over the next six years, I was treading water, just trying to earn an income. I tried journalism, but I didnt think I was any good, then finance, which I hated. Finally, I got a job as a r

9、ights assistant at a famous publisher. I loved working with books, although the job that I did was dull. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 1 mean?A.I was waiting for good fortune. B. I was trying to find an admirable job. C. I was being aimless about a suitable job. D. I was doing several j

10、obs for more pay at a time.Example 31.Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother, in contrast, is quite humble and modest. 詞義：_2. Mr. Smith loves to talk, and his wife is similarly loquacious. 詞義：_3.Cleaning up waterways is an enormous task .The job is so large, in fact, that the

11、 government may not be able to save some of the rivers and lakes which have been polluted. 詞義：_Skill ： 通過(guò)同義或反義關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè)表示對(duì)比或轉(zhuǎn)折的常見(jiàn)信息詞有：but，yet，however，while，on the other hand，on the contrary，in contrast ，in spite of，instead等，有時(shí)也用破折號(hào)或冒號(hào)表示對(duì)比。表示同義的常見(jiàn)信息詞有：or, like, similarly等Practice 3:.indicators would pop

12、 up showing you the nearest coffee shop or directions could be plotted out and come into view right on the sidewalk in front of you. The underlined phrase “pop up” in the third paragraph probably means “ _”.A.develop rapidly B. get round quicklyC. appear immediately D. go over automaticallyExample 4

13、1.That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day. 詞義：_(2) Hes such a shrewd businessman that he loses no money in any trade.詞義：_3.One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing. 詞義：_Skill 4： 通過(guò)因果關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè)表示因果關(guān)系的信息詞有：since, as, because, for, so, thus

14、, consequently, therefore, due to, result in, for this reason, so /such that等。Practice 4When some kind of pain killer was brought out recently, researchers found that the colours turned the customers off because they made the product look weak and ineffective. Eventually, it come on the market in a

15、dark blue and white package-blue because we think of it as safe, and white as calm. The underlined part “the colours turned the customers off ” means that the colours .A.attracted the customers strongly B. had weak effects on the customersC. tricked the customers into shopping D. caused the customer

16、s to lose interestExample 51. Bill ranked second in the semifinal of 1,500 meters.詞義：_2.They took care not to prejudge the issue.詞義：_3.We should attach importance to the problems of childrens non-attendance at school.詞義：_Skill 5：構(gòu)詞法合成 有兩個(gè)或更多的詞合成一個(gè)詞 pathway everyday riverside派生 在詞根上加上前、后綴構(gòu)成另一個(gè)單詞extra

17、ordinary maturity frustration antiwar轉(zhuǎn)化 將一種詞性轉(zhuǎn)化成另一種詞性place free value comb中學(xué)英語(yǔ)中常見(jiàn)的前綴和后綴有：super- (超) mini- (極小的, 微小的) micro-（極微小的） re- （再，反復(fù)） mis-（誤，惡） im-（不） un-（不，非） in-（不，非） non-（不，非） -able（能的 ） -less（不，無(wú)） -wards (向)Can you guess the right meanings?superman_ microwave_ nonnatural_mispronouce_ nons

18、moker _ eastwards_Practice 5: We have been told that encouraging a childs self-respect is important to his or her success in life. But child experts are now learning that too much praise can lead to the opposite effect. Praiseholic kids who expect it may suffer from depression when they are faced wi

19、th troublesome situationThe underlined words “Praiseholic kids” refers to kids who are _.A. tired of being praised B. worthy of being praisedC. very proud of being praised D. extremely fond of being praisedExample 6ISS crewmembers usually live in space for at least a quarter of a year. They work fiv

20、e days on and two days off to mimic the normal way they do things on Earth as much as possible. Weekends give the crew valuable time to rest and do a few hours of housework. They can communicate with family and friends by email, internet phone and through private video conferences.What does the word

21、 "mimic"in Paragraph 1 probably mean?_A. find          B. copy   C. change        D. loseSkill 6：生活常識(shí)：利用文化背景、生活常識(shí)猜測(cè)詞義。讀者可以運(yùn)用邏輯推理能力，結(jié)合社會(huì)文化背景和自身的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)及生活常識(shí)，再根據(jù)上下文推測(cè)生詞的含義。Practice 6:When a doctor per

22、forms an operation on a patient, he usually gives an anaesthetic to make him unconscious, because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him.What does the word “ anaesthetic"in Paragraph 1 probably mean?_A. A kind of books B. A piece of advice C. A kind of med

23、icine D. A kind of animalsExercise:1. There are some glaciers moving down the mountain valleys. A glacier is a river of ice. A. 雪山 B. 樹(shù)枝 C. 冰河 D. 冰2. He is a resolute man. Once he made up his mind to do something, he wont give it up halfway. A. weak B. firm C. kind D. clever3. Mr. Brown is now worki

24、ng at Princeton University far away from home. For this reason he has to rent a room near the office where he works. A. 租用 B. 借出 C. 購(gòu)買 D. 參觀 4. The official asked the man what his occupation was. The man told him that he worked as an engineer.A. work B. study C. name D. interest5. The old woman has

25、a strange habit to keep over 100 cats in her house. Her neighbor all call her an eccentric lady.A. 愛(ài)貓的 B. 古怪的 C. 閑不住 D. 動(dòng)物保護(hù)主義者6. In many countries there are two financial extremes, from penury to great wealth.A. 便士 B. 溫飽 C. 非常貧困 D. 虛弱 7. Those new comers were not used to the life in the suburbs whi

26、ch was so different from that inside the city. A. town B. capital C. countryside D. house8. This boy is not stupid, on the contrary, no one could be more intelligent.A. 勤奮的 B. 愚蠢的 C. 聰明的 D. 情報(bào)9. Children are always boasting. They say things like “My Dads car is bigger than your Dads,” “My Mom is sma

27、rter than yours.” and “My family has more money than yours.” The word “boasting” means _.A. 驕傲 B. 吹牛 C. 頑皮 D. 幼稚Passage 1.We can not feel speed. But our sense let us know that we are moving. We see things moving past and feel that we are being shaken. We can feel acceleration, an increase in speed.

28、But we notice it for only a short time. For example we feel it during the takeoff run of an airplane.Acceleration is the name for _.A. any kind of movement B. the movement of a planeC. a steady speed D. an increase in speedPassage 2 The ruler had been so cruel and dishonest that after the revolution

29、 he was banished. A few members of the Senate(參議院) opposed this decision, but the majority voted that the ruler should leave the country for ever. The underlined word “banished” mean_. A. killed by stoning B. sent away C. imprisoned D. punished by whipping Passage 3 My first job was to drive the oxen that ploughed the cane fields. I would walk behind an ox, guiding him with a stick. For $ 1 a day, I worked eight hours st