漢譯英catti3英譯漢翻譯實(shí)務(wù)真題和答案

1、天柱縣位于貴州省東部，是川渝黔通兩廣、江浙的重要門戶，素有“黔東第一關(guān)”、“中國重晶石之鄉(xiāng)”、“貴州高原黃金城”之稱?！?天柱縣總面積2201平方公里，轄16個(gè)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)，326個(gè)行政村，總?cè)丝?1萬余人，以侗、苗族為主的少數(shù)民族人口占98.3%, 是貴州省少數(shù)民族比例最多的縣份之一。天柱蘊(yùn)藏著豐富的自然資源。氣候溫和，土壤肥沃，是貴州重要糧食生產(chǎn)基地，享有“黔東糧倉”的美譽(yù)。當(dāng)?shù)啬戤a(chǎn)煙葉2.6萬擔(dān)（一擔(dān)=50公斤），是中國煙葉主產(chǎn)區(qū)。這里林業(yè)資源豐富，森林面積達(dá)185萬畝（一畝=1/15公頃），覆蓋率達(dá)56%，是貴州十大林業(yè)基地縣之一。重晶石、黃金、煤等礦產(chǎn)資源也十分豐富。天柱乘西部大開發(fā)的東風(fēng)，

2、迅速崛起。全縣國民經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)步發(fā)展，綜合實(shí)力日益增長，人民生活水平在不斷提高，產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整日趨優(yōu)化，基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)得以加強(qiáng)，城鎮(zhèn)面貌日新月異?！吧鷳B(tài)環(huán)境優(yōu)美，文化教育優(yōu)越，綜合服務(wù)優(yōu)化，人居條件優(yōu)良，經(jīng)濟(jì)充滿活力”的新天柱呈現(xiàn)在世人面前。此次的漢譯英語段命題與以往有些不同，以前都是時(shí)政語段或企業(yè)介紹，如今的命題有所變化。該文是一篇說明文，介紹了貴州天柱縣豐富的自然資源。但不論怎么變化，萬變不離其宗，我們?cè)诜g課上所講的內(nèi)容完全可以應(yīng)用到該語篇的翻譯中去。下面我們來看看此篇文章是怎樣運(yùn)用我們所學(xué)的知識(shí)和技巧的吧。文章的第一段正是我們?cè)诜g課上反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)的7大成分不做主句處理的一個(gè)典型實(shí)例。我們著重講授了

3、如下7個(gè)成分一般情況下不在英語句子中充當(dāng)主要句子成分，而是處理為附帶或次要成分，這樣才能夠?qū)⒂⒄Z的語句處理得錯(cuò)落有致，層次分明。7大成分包括：歷史，文化，人口，地理位置，創(chuàng)建時(shí)間，占地面積以及對(duì)主語的基本界定。第一段中涉及“地理位置”，“對(duì)主語的基本界定”。按照我們所講的方法，把地理位置放在句首作為獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，然后出現(xiàn)主語，再連接對(duì)主語的基本界定，即同位語短語，最后是主句。Located in eastern Guizhou Province, Tianzhu County, an important gateway to Provinces of Guangxi, Guangdong, Jia

4、ngsu and Zhejiang from Sichuan Province, Chongqing and Guizhou Province, is known to the world as “the First Pass in Eastern Guizhou”, “the Land of Barite in China” and “the Gold Town on the Guizhou Plateau.”文章的第二段出現(xiàn)了7大成分中的“占地面積”和“人口”，因此，我們把該段的語序適當(dāng)調(diào)整一下，先譯“占地面積”，然后出現(xiàn)主語，后面緊跟同位語，即對(duì)主語的基本界定，最后是主句。英'b

5、erat plateau 英plætCovering a total area of 2,201 kilometers, Tianzhu County,one of the counties in Guizhou Province with the highest concentration濃度 of ethnic minorities with a population of 410,000, predominated by the Dong and the Miao ethnicities, making up 98.3% of the local population, hol

6、ds jurisdiction over 16 townships and 326 administrative villages.第三段有5句，按照我們課上所講的方法，第一句和第二句合并可以處理成如下versions，體現(xiàn)動(dòng)詞謂語的變化或帶有宗教色彩的動(dòng)詞,另外，我們所講的“是”字的譯法，“特點(diǎn)”的英譯也能夠充分表現(xiàn)出來?！疤N(yùn)藏”一詞可以譯成：boast, be blessed with/be favored with, be endowed with,“氣候溫和，土壤肥沃”應(yīng)該可以將其視為“特點(diǎn)”，“是”一詞可以譯成：serve as, function as, play the role

7、 of,Version 1.Featured by its moderate climate and fertile soil, Tianzhu, boasting abundant natural resources, serves as a major base of grain production, reputed as “Breadbasket in East Guizhou.”Version 2.Tianzhu,blessed with abundant natural resources and featured by its moderate cl

8、imate and fertile soil,serves as a major base of grain production, reputed as “Breadbasket in East Guizhou.”此外，如果將我們?cè)谥袊栉幕Z篇中講的用詞，也可以這樣來譯：Be home to sth.表示蘊(yùn)藏，富有，是。的故鄉(xiāng)。Featured by its moderate climate and fertile soil,Tianzhu, home to abundant natural resources, serves as a major

9、base of grain production, reputed as “Breadbasket in East Guizhou.”第三句翻譯的要點(diǎn)在于“產(chǎn)”字，由于“煙葉”是一種農(nóng)作物，因此，建議使用“yield”做動(dòng)詞或名詞來譯該句。This locality is also a major tobacco producer in China with an annual yield of 26,000 dans (1 dan =50 kilograms).第四句的要點(diǎn)是將森林面積作為附帶成分，使用介詞短語來表達(dá)。還應(yīng)注意英語句子連詞豐富的特點(diǎn)，在該句的開始應(yīng)該與上一

10、個(gè)句子有一個(gè)承上啟下的連詞，表達(dá)其遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。Furthermore, it is favored with rich and vast forests with a total forest area of 1.85 million mus (1 mu=1/15 hectares), covering 56% of the area,as one of the top ten largest bases of forest resources in Guizhou.第五句“十分豐富”可由形容詞短語作表語轉(zhuǎn)換成動(dòng)詞短語。It also aboun

11、ds in such mineral resources as barite, gold, coal, etc.最后一段漢語由三個(gè)句子組成，第一句可以運(yùn)用我們課上所講的witness這一句型來譯：Chinas “Going West” development program has witnessed the rapid rise of Tianzhu County.還可以譯成：Greatly benefiting from Chinas “Going West” development program, Tianzhu County has been rapidly develop

12、ing.用“greatly benefiting from”來表示“得益于”。第二句首先要梳理句子結(jié)構(gòu)，我們課上講的4Cs的第一個(gè)C，即connotation，把該句的邏輯關(guān)系梳理清楚，“城鎮(zhèn)面貌日新月異”可以是對(duì)該句前邊內(nèi)容的一個(gè)概括總結(jié)，采用“總分結(jié)構(gòu)”處理：Remarkable changes have taken place in the county:steady economic growth, ever-growing improvement of the peoples living standards, increasing adjustment and optimizati

13、on of the industrial structure as well as the infrastructure improvement.第三句“的新天柱呈現(xiàn)在世人面前”可以調(diào)整到句首，把前面的若干成分做該句賓語后的定語處理：Tianzhu is unfolding a new picture of its sound ecological environment, well-developed culture and education, improved comprehensive services, ideal living conditions and dynamic econ

14、omic growth.相信，我們的同學(xué)會(huì)在此次考試中取得驕人的成績，同時(shí)也提醒各位考生以此次的漢譯英語段命題作為今后漢譯英語段翻譯的一個(gè)風(fēng)向標(biāo)，對(duì)說明文的翻譯加強(qiáng)練習(xí)，以應(yīng)對(duì)今后的三級(jí)，甚至二級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)中的語句處理。 2015年5月三筆漢譯英真題及【獨(dú)家譯文】Section2: Chinese-English Translation (50 points) 天柱縣位于貴州省東部，是川渝黔通兩廣、江浙的重要門戶，素有“黔東第一關(guān)”、“中國重晶石之鄉(xiāng)”、“貴州高原黃金城”之稱?！?Located in eastern Guizhou P

15、rovince, Tianzhu County, (as) an important gateway to Provinces of Guangxi, Guangdong, Jiangsu and Zhejiang from Sichuan Province, Chongqing and Guizhou Province, is known to the world as “the First Pass in Eastern Guizhou”, “the Land of Barite in China” and “the Gold Town on the Guizhou Plateau.”天柱

16、縣總面積2201平方公里，轄16個(gè)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)，326個(gè)行政村，總?cè)丝?1萬余人，以侗、苗族為主的少數(shù)民族人口占98.3%。是貴州省少數(shù)民族比例最多的縣份之一。Covering a total area of 2,201 kilometers, Tianzhu County, one of the counties in Guizhou Province with the highest concentration of ethnic minorities with a population of 410,000, predominated by the Dong and the Miao ethni

17、cities, making up 98.3% of the local population, has its jurisdiction over 16 townships and 326 administrative villages.天柱蘊(yùn)藏著豐富的自然資源。氣候溫和，土壤肥沃，是貴州重要糧食生產(chǎn)基地，享有“黔東糧倉”的美譽(yù)。當(dāng)?shù)啬戤a(chǎn)煙葉2.6萬擔(dān)（一擔(dān)=50公斤），是中國煙葉主產(chǎn)區(qū)。這里林業(yè)資源豐富，森林面積達(dá)185萬畝（一畝=1/15公頃），覆蓋率達(dá)56%，是貴州十大林業(yè)基地縣之一。重晶石、黃金、煤等礦產(chǎn)資源也十分豐富。Tianzhu, blessed with abundant n

18、atural resources and featured by its moderate climate and fertile soil, serves as a major base of grain production, reputed as “Breadbasket in East Guizhou.” This locality is also a major tobacco leaf producer in China with an annual yield of 26,000 dans (1 dan =50 kilograms). Furthermore, it is fav

19、ored with rich and vast forests with a total forest area of 1.85 million mus (1 mu=1/15 hectares), covering 56% of the area as one of the top ten largest bases of forest resources in Guizhou. It also abounds in such mineral resources as barite, gold, coal, etc.天柱乘西部大開發(fā)的東風(fēng)，迅速崛起。全縣國民經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)步發(fā)展，綜合實(shí)力日益增長，人民

20、生活水平在不斷提高，產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整日趨優(yōu)化，基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)得以加強(qiáng)，城鎮(zhèn)面貌日新月異?！吧鷳B(tài)環(huán)境優(yōu)美，文化教育優(yōu)越，綜合服務(wù)優(yōu)化，人居條件優(yōu)良，經(jīng)濟(jì)充滿活力”的新天柱呈現(xiàn)在世人面前。Chinas “Going West” development program has witnessed the rapid rise of Tianzhu County. Remarkable changes have taken place in the county: steady economic growth, ever-growing improvement of the peoples living s

21、tandards, increasing adjustment and optimization of the industrial structure as well as the infrastructure improvement. Tianzhu is unfolding a new picture of its sound ecological environment, well-developed culture and education, improved comprehensive services, ideal living conditions and dynamic e

22、conomic growth.CATTI英語筆譯實(shí)務(wù)(3級(jí))2015年5月考試真題 Section1: English-Chinese Translation (50 points)For generations, coal has been the lifeblood of this mineral-rich stretch of eastern Utah. Mining families proudly recall all the years they toiled underground. Supply companies line the town streets. Above th

23、e road that winds toward the mines, a soot-smudged miner peers out from a billboard with the slogan “Coal =Jobs.”猶他州東部有一個(gè)礦產(chǎn)豐富的小鎮(zhèn)，那里的人們祖祖輩輩都以采煤為生。一提起在地下辛苦采煤時(shí)的情景，每個(gè)家庭總是倍感驕傲（副詞轉(zhuǎn)換成動(dòng)詞）。街道兩旁的煤炭供應(yīng)公司一個(gè)挨著一個(gè)。在通往礦井的蜿蜒小路上方的廣告牌上，一個(gè)滿臉炭灰的礦工凝視著遠(yuǎn)方，旁邊的標(biāo)語寫著“煤炭=工作”。But recently, fear has settled in. The states oldest c

24、oal-fired power plant, tucked（不譯） among the canyons near town, is set to close, a result of new, stricter federal pollution regulations.但是最近，小鎮(zhèn)的人們心里充滿了恐懼。聯(lián)邦政府新頒布了一套更為嚴(yán)格的污染管理?xiàng)l例，這使得小鎮(zhèn)附近峽谷之中的一家美國最古老的燃煤電廠瀕臨倒閉。As energy companies tack away from coal, toward cleaner, cheaper natural gas, people here have

25、grown increasingly afraid that their community may soon slip away. Dozens of workers at the facility here, the Carbon Power Plant, have learned that they must retire early or seek other jobs. Local trucking and equipment outfits are preparing to take business elsewhere.由于能源公司紛紛棄用煤炭，轉(zhuǎn)而使用更清潔、更廉價(jià)的天然氣，小

26、鎮(zhèn)的人們?cè)絹碓胶ε?，他們的家園可能很快就會(huì)人去樓空?？ū倦姀S的幾十名工人早就意識(shí)到，他們要么提前退休，要么另謀職業(yè)。當(dāng)?shù)氐呢涍\(yùn)和裝配人員正準(zhǔn)備開發(fā)外地的業(yè)務(wù)?！癟here are a lot of people worried,” said Kyle Davis, who has been employed at the plant since he was 18.凱爾戴維斯從18歲起，一直在卡本電廠工作。他說：“很多人都在擔(dān)憂。Mr. Davis, 56,worked his way up from sweeping floors to managing operations at the

27、plant, whose furnaces have been burning since 1954.戴維斯先生今年56歲，從清潔工人一直做到電廠的經(jīng)營主管。卡本電廠的高爐從1954年開工，一直燃燒至今?！癐 would have liked to be here for another five years,” he said. “Im too young to retire.”他說：“如果可能，我還想再工作五年。畢竟我還很年輕，沒到退休年齡?！盉ut Rocky Mountain Power, the utility that operates the plant, has determi

28、ned that it would be too expensive to retrofit the aging plant to meet new federal standards on mercury emissions. The plant is scheduled to be shut by April 2015.公共事業(yè)公司落基山電力公司是卡本電廠的經(jīng)營者，公司已經(jīng)決定，要達(dá)到聯(lián)邦政府最新規(guī)定的水銀排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，就必須改造日趨老化的電廠，而改造費(fèi)用實(shí)在是太貴了，并不可行。電廠計(jì)劃在2015年4月關(guān)閉?！癢e had been working for the better part of

29、 three years, testing compliance strategies,” said David Eskelsen, a spokesman for the utility. “None of the ones we investigated really would produce the results that would meet the requirements.”大衛(wèi)艾斯凱爾森是電力公司的發(fā)言人。他說：“三年來，我們一直在不斷地努力改善，嘗試各種合規(guī)策略。經(jīng)過調(diào)查，這些策略都不能滿足政府的要求?！盕or the last several years, coal pl

30、ants have been shutting down across the country, driven by tougher environmental regulations, flattening electricity demand and a move by utilities toward natural gas.近年來，政府的環(huán)境保護(hù)條例愈加苛刻，人們用電的需求量逐漸下滑，加之公共事業(yè)公司打算向天然氣轉(zhuǎn)型，美國境內(nèi)已經(jīng)有數(shù)家燃煤電廠被迫關(guān)閉。This month, the board of directors of the Tennessee Valley Authorit

31、y, the countrys largest public power utility, voted to shut eight coal-powered plants in Alabama and Kentucky and partly replace them with gas-fired power. Since 2010,more than150 coal plants have been closed or scheduled for retirement.田納西河流域管理局是美國最大的公共電力公司。本月，其董事會(huì)投票表決，關(guān)閉位于阿拉巴馬州和肯塔基州的八家燃煤電廠，部分電廠轉(zhuǎn)成天

32、然氣電廠。2010年起，150多家燃煤電廠有的已經(jīng)關(guān)閉，有的即將關(guān)閉。The Environmental Protection Agency estimates that the stricter emissions regulations for the plants will result in billions of dollars in related health savings, and will have a sweeping impact on air quality.美國環(huán)保局估計(jì)，這些針對(duì)燃煤電廠制定的更為嚴(yán)格的排放管理?xiàng)l例將節(jié)省數(shù)十億美元的健康儲(chǔ)蓄金，明顯改善空氣質(zhì)量。I

33、n recent weeks, the agency held 11 “l(fā)istening sessions” around the country in advance of proposing additional rules for carbon dioxide emissions.二氧化碳排放的補(bǔ)充條款頒布之前，美國環(huán)保局近幾周來在全國范圍內(nèi)召開了11場“聽證會(huì)”?！癈oal plants are the single largest source of dangerous carbon pollution in the United States, and we have ready

34、 alternatives like wind and solar to replace them,” said Bruce Nilles, director of the Sierra Clubs Beyond Coal campaign, which wants to shut all of the nations coal plants.布魯斯尼爾斯是塞拉俱樂部“超越煤炭”活動(dòng)的負(fù)責(zé)人，該行動(dòng)旨在關(guān)閉美國所有的燃煤電廠。他說“燃煤電廠是美國危險(xiǎn)性最大的碳污染源，我們已經(jīng)采取其他能源代替煤炭，比如風(fēng)力發(fā)電和太陽能發(fā)電?！盕or many here, coal jobs are all th

35、ey know. The industry united the area during hard times, too, especially during the dark days after nine men died in a 2007mining accident some 35 miles down the highway. Virtually everyone around Price knew the men, six of whom remain entombed in the mountainside.對(duì)于這里的許多人來說，采煤對(duì)他們?cè)偈煜げ贿^了?？ū镜拿禾抗I(yè)在困難時(shí)間

36、也能把人們團(tuán)結(jié)起來，尤其是2007年礦難發(fā)生后的黑暗時(shí)期。那次礦難發(fā)生在距離公路南35英里的礦區(qū)，礦難造成九人死亡，普里斯附近每一個(gè)人幾乎都認(rèn)識(shí)遇難者，有六名遇難者至今還埋在山里。But there is quiet acknowledgment that Carbon County will have to change if not now, soon.盡管如此，人們心里還是默默地承認(rèn)，卡本縣必須改變，現(xiàn)在不變，不久也會(huì)變。David Palacioss father, Pete, who worked in the mines for 43 years, has seen coal ro

37、ar and fade here. Now 86, his eyes grew cloudy as he recalled his first mining job. He was12, and earned $1 a day.大衛(wèi)帕拉西奧斯的父親名叫皮特，在礦區(qū)工作了43年，見證了卡本煤炭工業(yè)的興衰。皮特今年86歲，當(dāng)回憶第一次采煤的情景，他雙眼濕潤了。那年他才12歲，每天掙1美元?！癐m retired, so Ill be fine. But these young guys?” Pete Palacios said, his voice trailing off.“我退休了，日子會(huì)好過

38、一些?？墒沁@樣年輕人呢”皮特帕拉西奧斯說，聲音低不可聞。 Section2:Chinese-EnglishTranslation (50 points)天柱縣位于貴州省東部，是川渝黔通兩廣、江浙的重要門戶，素有“黔東第一關(guān)”、“中國重晶石之鄉(xiāng)”、“貴州高原黃金城”之稱。Located east of Guizhou, Tianzhu County is an important gateway from Sichuan, Chongqing and Guizhou to Guangxi, Guangdong, Jiangsu and Zhejiang. It has long been kno

39、wn as the “First Pass in East Guizhou”, the “home of Barite in China” and the “Gold City on the Guizhou Plateau”.天柱縣總面積2201平方公里，轄16個(gè)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)，326個(gè)行政村，總?cè)丝?1萬余人，以侗、苗族為主的少數(shù)民族人口占98.3%。是貴州省少數(shù)民族比例最多的縣份之一。With a total area of 2,201 square kilometers, Tianzhu County is composed of 16townships and 326 administrativ

40、e villages. Ethnic minorities, predominantly Dong and Miao, constitute 98.3% of the local population of more than 410thousand. It is one of the counties with the highest concentration of ethnic minorities in Guizhou.天柱蘊(yùn)藏著豐富的自然資源。氣候溫和，土壤肥沃，是貴州重要糧食生產(chǎn)基地，享有“黔東糧倉”的美譽(yù)。當(dāng)?shù)啬戤a(chǎn)煙葉2.6萬擔(dān)（一擔(dān)=50公斤），是中國煙葉主產(chǎn)區(qū)。這里林業(yè)資源豐富，森林面積達(dá)185萬畝（一畝=1/15公頃），覆蓋率達(dá)56%，是貴