BBC黃石公園第二集英語(yǔ)字幕學(xué)習(xí)

1、NARRATOR:forsixmonthsYellowstoneenduresanunrelentingwinter.Aniceworldofhuntersandhunted.Butnowfootstepsontheslopesofamountainheraldachangeintheseason.thesunregainsitsstrength.waterflowsagain.theracebeginstorecoverwinterlosses.toplay,learnandbreed.butthesummeraheadwillbefleetingandfarfromeasyInthisun

2、predictablewilderness.YELLOWSTONESUMMERItsAprilthelandliesexhaustedbyWinter.everythingiswaitingforthereturnofthesunswarmth.theendofwintercomeslatetothemountainousnorthwestoftheunitedstates.andinparticularitlingersinYellowstone.theheartofYellowstoneisahighcoldplateau.8000feettupsurroundedbythespireso

3、ftherockymountains.afterfivemonthssleepinginthosemountains.apowerfulpresencereturns.thisfemalegrizzlybearhasawokenearlytofindfoodforhertwo-year-oldcuds.butshemayhavebroughtherfamilyheretooearly.theTetons.ontheextremesouthernedgeoftheYellowstoneplateau.itswherethespringthawnormallybegins.butthisyeari

4、tscomelate.deepsnowisstillanoveltyforhercubs.butsheismuchmorefocused.ledbyhernosesherisksher300-poundbulkonthethiniceofabendinthesnakeriver.itdoesntlookpromising,buthercubsfollowwithonlyalittlehesitation.withpawsthatcanknockdownanelk.shefeelsdelicatelyinthewater.afishfrozenbeneaththeicebythiscoldwin

5、ter.onefishwontfeedthefamily.butsheknowstherearealmostcertainlymore.thecubsmustlearntofindthem.alittlesuccessforoneofthecubs.thismotherbearsexperiencegiveherfamilyagoodchanceofsurvivaluntilaspringarrives.theywillreturnagainandagainasthethawreleasesmorefish.onthewarmerplainsandvalleysthatsurroundthep

6、lateau.grazersareonthemove.theyleftthehighcountrytoavoidtheworstofthewinterandnowbeginthelongjourneytowardstheheartofYellowstoneintimeforsummer.theseelkareledbyexperiencedadultswhohavemadethistripmanytimesbefore.theyarefollowedontheirmigrationbythemostancientofAnghorn.thoughpredato

7、rsmayfollownonecanoutpacethem.overdistancethesearethefastestanimalsintheworld.takingalongmigrationintheirstride.migratingelkandpronghornmustfollowtheadvancingthaw.buthigherupinthevalleysoneanimalsiswellaheadofthem.bisonareadaptedforcold.theseherdsneedtobeinYellowstoneearlytohavetimetobringuptheiryou

8、ngintheshortsummerahead.calvesbornduringthejourneywillbetested.cluestowhytheherdsaredrawntotheYellowstoneplateaulieitsdeepanduniquehistory.thisplateauisthecrateredbowlofahugesleepingvolcano.andmoltenrockbelowthesurfacestillpushesthelanduptothecoldofhighaltitude.butithasnotbeentheonlyforcetoshapethel

9、lenniaagothevolcanowascoveredbyanicesheetthousandsoffeetdeep.thefewglacierthatborderYellowstoneareanechoofatimewhenicescouredandsmoothedtheentireplateau.whenthesegreaticesheetsretreated.theyleftpulverisedrocksintheirwakethefoundationforfertilesoilandsomeoftherichestnaturalgrasslandsinAmerica.

10、butinmaythisyear,intheheartofYellowstonethatgrassisstillbeneaththicksnow.somethingthisgroundsquirrelwasclearlynotexpecting.butasthesunsstrengthreturns.springbulbsstarttopushthroughthelatesnow.atlastasignthatwinterislosingitsgrip.bluebirdstoodelicatetosurvivedeepwinterhere.mowreturntotakeadvantageoft

11、hefirsthatchofstonefliesfromathawingriver.assixmonthssnowandicebeginstomelt.Yellowstonestartstocomebacktolife.cascadingsnowmeltswellsthestreamsandrivers.itsahazardthemigratingherdsmustcross.youngarebarelyuptothetask.theYellowstoneriverhasincreaseditsflowtenfold.inlessthantwoweeks,thethawhasbroughtar

12、emarkablechangetotheheartofYellowstone.asthemigratingherdsarriveintheplateausrivervalleys.thespringishere.thisiswhytheyhavemadethejourney.afterthefamineofwinterfoodiseverywhere.birdsareflowninfromasfarawayasthearcticandsubtropics.Canadageesejoinflocksofwhitepelicanstobreedhere.asnow-coveredwasteland

13、istransformedtoanAmericanSerengeti.butitsalandscapelikenoother.geysersmadeYellowstonefamous.Yellowstonesitsabovethemoltencoreofavolcano.undergroundwaterbecomessuperheatedanderuptsintotheair.strangelygeysersandhotspringscancreeparoundthelandscape.thecuriousshapesofgrottogeyserareactuallytreesentombed

14、andpetrifiedbymineralsdissolvedinthewater.hotwaterscorchesanddrownstherootsoftreesencroachingonthevalleys.itcankeeptheforestsincheckandtherichpasturesopen.thosepasturesnowproducethenewgrassneededtomakerichmilkandfeedabisonbabyboom.thefewcalvesbornonthemigration,andnowjoinedbyhundredsofnewyoungsters.

15、nghorngivebirthtotwins,eachcarefullycleanedtohidetheirsmellfrompredators.whiletheyarewithhertheyarerelativelysafeandfornowthecoyoteiscontentwiththeafterbirth.butt

16、hemotherpronghornmustleaveshercalvesalonewhileshegrazesandwithlegsaswobblyasstiltstheirbestdefenceistolielow.shehasyoungofherowntoworryaboutademandinglittleofnine.whosearrivalhasbeencarefullytimedtocoincidewithanabundanceoffood.buttheyarenottopdoghere.Yellowstonestoppredatorthewolfdominatedduringthe

17、WinterbutisfarlessvisibleinSummer.theyprefertostayclosetowell-hiddendenstoprotecttheirpupsfromrivalpacks.thispackseempreparedtoallowtheiryoungabriefforaytoexperiencetheworldbeyondtheirden.eveninnYellowstone,itisextremelyraretoseewolfpupslikethis.beforelongtherearesummonedbackintotheforestbythepack.i

18、twillbewinterbeforetheyareregularlyseenagain.asMayturnstoJuneYellowstoneseesitsnurseryseason.byearlyJheflowermeadowsplantsturnsunlightthesugarofnectarandthatswhatYellowstonessmallestmigratingbirdhasbeenwaitingfor.thecalliopehummingbirdhasmadethejourneyallthewayfromMexico.he

19、llmakethisflowerpatchhisownandhellfightdefended.heeventakeafarlargerRufoushummingbird.butIshigh-octanelifestylecriticallydependsonthesummersunandinYhemountainssurroundingtheplateausummerhasnotyetarrived.atthisaltitudeitisstillbitterlycold.thismountainsbarricadeYello

20、wstoneinaringofice.andifthesunisswallowedbycloudthecoldcandrivedownfromthemountainsbringingwithitapunishingechoofWinter.itcansnowinanymonthinnYellowstone.thewarmnurserymeadowsofafewdaysbeforeandnowburiedbyaJuneblizzard.acertainofsnowdullssenses.thismothergrizzlybearmustnowbeespeciallycareful.amalegr

21、izzlywilloftenkillcubsifhefindsthem.andthoughshewouldrathersitoutthestormshemustmove.panickycubscouldeasilybelostinablizzard.assoonasshefeelsitissafeshesettlestosuckleandreassurethem.bisoncanshrugoffthissuddenchangeintheweather.theyareafterallbuilttosurviveaYellowstonewinter.butthistinyhummingbirdis

22、morevulnerable.flowersdamagedbysnowwilldieandthenectarthehummingbirdneedsgoeswiththem.hummingbirdmustberesourcefultosurvive.barkwellsdugbyasapsuckeratypeofwoodpecker.quicklyfillwithsugar-richsapassoonasthewarmweatherreturns.alittlepilferingprovidesthishummingbirdwiththeenergyitneedsuntilthenewflower

23、budsopen.summermovesquickly.bylateJunetheblizzardsofafewweeksbeforeseemadistantmemory.atlastthesummeriswell-enoughestablishedforthishummingbirdtotaketheplungeandraiseabrood.thelivingiseasy.butitwontlastlong.atthisaltitudetheairissodrythatrainevaporatesbeforeitevenhitstheground.thewaterthatflowsoffth

24、eplateauisnolongerbeingreplaced.alreadythereisdroughtintheforestsbeyondthemeadows.Yellowstonehasvastancientlavafields.thisporousvolcanicrockholdsontoverylittlewater.itisdominatedbylodgepolepineatreethatcopewiththearidcondition.theforestmaybeparchedbutthereisstillwaterhereinlakesformedbyancientglacie

25、rs.avisitingmaleotterwoosafemaleonthelakesshore.butsheseemsalittledistracted.hertwopupsarenearby.theyareabout10weeksoldandthetimeisrighttoleadthemfromtheholt.malesarenotabovestealingfoodfromcubssoshemakesitveryclearthatheisnotgoingtobejoiningthem.thisfemalegrewuponthelakesosheknowswheretotakethecubs

26、foraveryspecialtrip.Yellowstonecutthroattroutamassinginthemouthofasteamthatfeedsthelake.theyrepreparingfortheirannualspawning.butthetroutmustwait.thestreamisstillrunningfasttooturbulenttolaytheireggs.itsnervoustimeforthemandforgoodreason.thisospreyhasabroodtofeedandwillbeback.nowtheottersareheretoo.

27、shechooseshermomenttoleadthepupsupstream.thenleavesthemtowatchandgivethemalessoninhunting.alargetroutlikethisfullofeggsisatrophycatch.shechewsitstailfirsttomakesurethefishcantgetaway.whilethepupsarestilldemandingmilkthemotherotterwilloftenkeepthewholefishforherself.herpupsarehappyenoughwithcaviar.as

28、lionsofnewlives.itsnowearlyJulyandwhatlookslikemoresnowisactuallyablizzardo

29、fseedsandinsects.thereismorelifeintheparknowthanatanyothertimeoftheyear.itsaturningpointkinthesummer.throughthecomingmonththedayswillgethotteranddrier.theplantswillgrowlessvigorouslyandthepaceofsummerwillslow.themeadowsarenotsowelcomingnow.thegrassbecomeslessnourishingasitputsitsenergyintoseedsandro

30、heheattempersfray.toescapesoaringgroundtemperaturescowbirdschooseabisonsbackasacoolplacetofeedandcatchthebreeze.bitinginsectsnowbecomeadrainingnuisance.agrizzlybearescapestheheatandbugsinthecoolwatersandlake.asthegrounddriesbearsfindlittlefoodtoeatoutontheY

31、hemountainsglacierliliesthatfinishedfloweringamonthbeforeontheplateauareonlyjustcomingintobloom.upherewherespringhasonlyjustarrivedbearscanfindfoodagainasthethawreachesupintothemountainsaparto

32、fYellowstonethatfeweverseeisbrieflyrevealed.fromitsfirstdayabovethesnowthispikaisobsessedbyfood.itsinafranticracetorestockitswinterlarderbeforethesnowclosesinagain.theyreapartofcommunityofsmallmammalswhichliveontheedgeuphere.carefullychosenplantsareharvestedanddriedinhaystacksbeforebeingstoredbelowg

33、round.thislardermustbeover50timesthepikasbodyweighttogetthroughwinter.thesummerissoshortupherethatfewanimalscanpermanentlyliveanyhigher.buthigherisexactlywherethebearsareheadingabovethetreelinetowardsthebarrenrocksofthepeaksbeyond.pitseemsanunlikelyjourneyforananimalledbyitsstomach.whytheydothiswill

34、onlybecomeapparentasthesummerdrawstoitsclose.meanwhile2000feetbelowthemontheYellowstoneplateauthegrasslandarefacingdrought.bisoncalvesaremoreindependentoftheirmothers.theadultsfocusisnowsetonaruthlesscompetitiontomate.amalebidstoenteraherdwithfemalesinseason.heusedusttoaccentuateallhissizeandpower.a

35、nothermalealreadyestablishedintheherdanswersthedisplayandwaits.thenewcomerrespondsbyscentmarkingandmovingevencloser.thischallengecannotbetolerated.theresidentmalehaswon.havingseenoffhisrivalnextsummerscalveswilllikelybehis.victoryinthedustofhighsummer.butnowthereisalargerchallengetothewholeofYellows

36、tone.thesecloudsdontsignalrain.theyarevastsmokeplumes.Yellowstoneisburning.throughoutthesummersthedrylodgepolepineshavebecomelikeatinderboxandlightinghasstruckthematch.theworstwildfireswillburnforweeks.in1988athirdofYellowstoneburntinasinglesummer.devastation.animalsthatdependontheseforestwillstarve

37、thiswinter.butYellowstoneitselfhasalongerperspective.ashesfertilisethesoilandfireopensituptosunlight.astheforestregeneratenewlifefindsopportunity.inaugustfledglinghummingbirdgorgeinfieldsoffireweedthathaverisenfromtheforestashes.forthemthesummerisnearlyover.theymustchasethesunsouthbeforewinterreturn

38、s.butjustasthefirstYellowstonesnewgenerationarepreparingtoleave.itslastvisitorsarearriving.nightafternightarmycutwormmothshavebeenescapingtheheatadistantprairie.theyhavebeenflyinginonfavourablewindshidingawayinrockcrevicesinthemountains.thisthegrizzlybearsclimbtothebarrenpeaks.twomilesuptheybegintosearchforthem