初中英語定語從句講解

1、初高中英語定語從句講解（1）一.定語從句及相關(guān)術(shù)語1.定語從句：修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語從句，一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞后面。2.關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞成為關(guān)系詞  關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有that, which, who, whom, whose, 等；  關(guān)系副詞有where, when, why等。  關(guān)系詞常有3個(gè)作用：1，引導(dǎo)定語從句。2，代替先行詞。3，在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。二.關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1.who指人，在從句中做主語 (1)The boys who are playing footbal

2、l are from class one. (2)Yesterday I helped an old man_ (迷了路的).2. whom指人，在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語，?？墒÷?。 (1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus. (2) Mr. Ling is just the boy _ （我想要見的）.    注意：關(guān)系代詞whom在口語和非正式語體中常用who代替，可省略。 (3) The man who/whom you met just no

3、w is my friend.3. which指物，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時(shí)可省略 (1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. (2) This is the pen _（昨天他買的）.4. that指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who 或者whom；指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which。在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時(shí)可省略。 (5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million. 

4、(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語 (1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) I once lived in a house _ (它的屋梁) has fallen in.whose指物時(shí)，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來代替 (3)He classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. (4) The classroom _ is bro

5、ken will soon be repaired. (5) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? (6) Do you like the book _ is yellow?三.介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句     關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中做介詞賓語時(shí)，從句常由介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo) (1)The school (_) he once studied _ is very famous. (2) The school _ he once studied is very fam

6、ous. (3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (_) you asked for. (4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine _ you asked. (5) We'll go to hear the famous singer (_) we have often talked _. (6) We'll go to hear the famous singer _ we have often talked. 注意：1. 含有介詞的

7、動詞短語一般不拆開使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等 (1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. ( ) (2) This is the watch for which I am looking. ( )2. 若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)用whom，不可用who或者that；指物時(shí)用which，不能用that；關(guān)系代詞是所有格時(shí)用whose (1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. ( )&#

8、160;(2) The man who/that you talked with is my friend. ( ) (3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. ( ) (4) The plane in that we flew to Canada is very comfortable. ( ) 3.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代詞或者數(shù)詞 (1) He loved his

9、 parents deeply, _ (兩個(gè)都) are very kind to him. (2) In the basket there are quite many apples, _ (它們中一些) have gone bad. (3) There are forty students in our class in all, _ (他們中大多數(shù)) are from big cities.解答"介詞+關(guān)系代詞 "類型的定語從句題時(shí)，關(guān)鍵在于分析定語從句中的謂語動詞（該動詞是不及物動詞）習(xí)慣上常與什么介詞搭配使用。這就需要同學(xué)們在平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)要注重某

10、些不及物動詞和介詞慣用的情形，并要靈活運(yùn)用。例如：In the dark street, there wasn't a single person _ she could turn for help.A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom四關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1. when指時(shí)間，在定語從句中做時(shí)間狀語 (1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school. (2) The time _ （我們將要聚在一起的）finally came.2. where指地點(diǎn)，

11、在定語從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語 (1) Shanghai is the city where I was born. (2)The house _ （我10年前曾住過的） has been pulled down.3. why指原因，在定語從句中做原因狀語 (1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. (2) I don't know the reason _ (她今天顯得不高興).    注意：關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句可以由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的從句替換

12、0;(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear, (2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up. (3) Great changes have taken place in the city _（在我出生的）. 關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的含義相當(dāng)于"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)，因此

13、常常和"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用，例如：  There are occasions _one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的時(shí)候。  Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。  Is this the reason _ he refused our offer? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎？常規(guī)句子鏈接練習(xí)：1. A The book is on the desk. B. You want to read it._2. A The students will pass the exam. B They study hard._3. A This is the boy. B His football was lost._4. A I visited the small town yesterday. B Luxun once lived t