2014年高考真題——英語（遼寧卷）解析版1(7222756)

1、2014年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試（遼寧卷）英 語第二部分閱讀理解 （共兩節(jié)，滿分60分）第一節(jié) （共15小題;每小題3分，滿分45分）閱讀下列短文 ，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng) （A 、B 、C 和 D ）中 ，選出最佳選項(xiàng) ，并在題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。 AA new study shows students who write notes by hand during lectures perform better on exams than those who use laptops（筆記本電腦）.Students are increasingly using laptops for note

2、-taking because of speed and legibility（清晰度）. But the research has found laptop users are less able to remember and apply the concepts they have been taught.Researchers performed experiments that aimed to find out whether using a laptop increased the tendency to make notes “mindlessly” by taking dow

3、n word for word what the professors said.In the first experiment, students were given either a laptop or pen and paper. They listened to the same lectures and were told to use their usual note-taking skills. Thirty minutes after the talk, they were examined on their ability to remember facts and on

4、how well they understood concepts.The researchers found that laptop users took twice as many notes as those who wrote by hand. However, the typists performed worse at remembering and applying the concepts. Both groups scored similarly when it came to memorizing facts.The researchers report said, “Wh

5、ile more notes arc beneficial, if the notes are taken mindlessly, as is more likely the case on a laptop, the benefit disappears.”In another experiment aimed at testing long-term memory, students took notes as before but were tested a week after the lecture. This time, the students who wrote notes b

6、y hand performed significantly better on the exam.These two experiments suggest that handwritten notes arc not only better for immediate learning and understanding, but that they also lead to superior revision in the future.21.More and more students favor laptops for note-taking because they can .A.

7、 write more notesB. digest concepts betterC. get higher scoresD. understand lectures better22.While taking notes, laptop users tend to be .A. skillfulB. mindlessC. thoughtfulD. tireless23.The author of the passage aims to .A.examine the importance of long-term memoryB.stress the benefit of taking no

8、tes by handC.explain the process of taking notesD.promote the use of laptops24. The passage is likely to appear in .A. a newspaper advertisementB. a computer textbookC. a science magazineD. a finance report【考點(diǎn)】考察科普知識(shí)類閱讀【文章大意】作者在本文中講述了一次實(shí)驗(yàn):使用筆記本電腦記筆記和手動(dòng)記筆記的學(xué)生進(jìn)行對(duì)比。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)手動(dòng)記筆記的學(xué)生表現(xiàn)更好，告訴我們需要進(jìn)行手動(dòng)記筆記，而不是使用電

9、腦。21.【答案】A 【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句Students are increasingly using laptops for note-taking because of speed and legibility（清晰度）.可知學(xué)生越來越多使用電腦記筆記是因?yàn)樗俣群颓逦?。也就是說使用筆記本電腦記筆記速度更快，可以記錄更多的內(nèi)容。故A正確。22. 【答案】B 【試題解析】推理題。根據(jù)第三段Researchers performed experiments that aimed to find out whether using a laptop increased th

10、e tendency to make notes “mindlessly” by taking down word for word what the professors said.研究人們做實(shí)驗(yàn)是為了發(fā)現(xiàn)使用筆記本電腦記筆記是否會(huì)讓人處于一種無意識(shí)的狀態(tài)之中，只是機(jī)械地輸入。而實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果說明用筆記本記錄的學(xué)生表現(xiàn)不如使用鋼筆記錄的人。說明使用筆記本記錄的確會(huì)讓人有mindless的感覺。故B正確。23. 【答案】B 【試題解析】推理題。根據(jù)文章最后一段These two experiments suggest that handwritten notes arc not only bette

11、r for immediate learning and understanding, but that they also lead to superior revision in the future.可知手動(dòng)記筆記對(duì)于短期長(zhǎng)期記憶都有好處，也就說本文強(qiáng)調(diào)我們需要進(jìn)行手動(dòng)記筆記，而不是使用電腦。故B正確。24. 【答案】C 【試題解析】推理題。本文通過講述一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)論告訴我們手動(dòng)記筆記對(duì)于短期長(zhǎng)期記憶都有好處，學(xué)生的表現(xiàn)比使用電腦記筆記更好。不會(huì)是廣告，電腦教科書也不會(huì)是金融報(bào)告，這屬于教學(xué)類的科學(xué)研究。故C正確。【長(zhǎng)難句解析】1.A new study shows students wh

12、o write notes by hand during lectures perform better on exams than those who use laptops?！痉g】一項(xiàng)新的研究顯示上課時(shí)手動(dòng)寫筆記的學(xué)生在考試中要比使用筆記本電腦的學(xué)生表現(xiàn)更好。【分析】本句中動(dòng)詞show后面賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞that被省略了，這個(gè)賓語從句中含有定語從句who write notes by hand during lectures修飾students；另外一個(gè)定語從句who use laptops修飾those。2.These two experiments suggest that hand

13、written notes are not only better for immediate learning and understanding, but that they also lead to superior revision in the future.【翻譯】這兩個(gè)使用都說明手動(dòng)寫筆記不僅對(duì)于即時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)和理解有好處，而且會(huì)導(dǎo)致未來的表現(xiàn)更好。【分析】本句中的動(dòng)詞suggest表示“說明，暗示”，并不是“建議”；另外句中的賓語從句that handwritten notes are not only better for immediate learning and unders

14、tanding, but that they also lead to superior revision in the future.較長(zhǎng)，謂語部分是有not onlybut also連接。B(Q = Question; A = Answer)Situation IQ: If someone sits right next to me in an empty movie theater, is it rude to move?A: Maybe, but nobody will fault you for it. Chances are that the close sitter doesnt

15、 realize he disturbs you, so he may miss your annoyance. You undoubtedly arent the first person hes met who needs enough room. Forgive his bad judgment, move quietly and enjoy the show.Situation IIQ: If 1 use the bathroom at a store, do I need to buy something?A: Consider frequency and urgency. Is t

16、his a one-time thing or an emergency? If so, you dont have to buy anything, but it would be kind if you did. However, if you regularly use the bathroom at this place, then you arc a customer, and you should act like one.Situation IIIQ: If someone is talking loudly on the bus, is there a nicc way to

17、ask him to keep it down?A: No. Try other means: 1) Stare at him until he gets aware of it and quiets down. 2) Lift your finger in a silence motion（動(dòng)作） and smile. 3) Put on earphones and ignore him.Situation IVQ: If I remember my friends birthday a day late, should I apologize or just wish her a happ

18、y birthday like nothing happened?A: This is the reason why the word belated was invented. “Happy belated birthday!” is short for: “Well. I know I forgot, but then I remembered. Forgive me and happy birthday.”Situation VQ: Can I lie about seeing a text because I was loo busy or lazy to respondto it?A

19、: Dont lie. Receiving a text does not mean you need to respond(回復(fù)) to it. Why waste a perfectly good lie when the truth will serve? “Yes,” you can say if ever asked, “I saw it.” No explanation is needed as to why you dont respond.25.You will get annoyed in a theater when .A.a person is too activeB.a

20、 person is too rude to youC.a person talks too loudlyD.a person sits too close to you26.How will you quiet someone down in a public place?A.By making fun of him continuously.B.By looking purposefully at him.C.By talking to him directly.D.By pointing angrily at him.27.The underlined word “belated” in

21、 Situation IV probably means .A. prcdictcd B. returnedC. cancelledD. delayed28.What is the passage mainly about?A.Modern ways to mind your manners.B.Different ways to change others manners.C.Proper manners to offer help to others.D.Good manners to talk to people.【考點(diǎn)】考察教育類閱讀【文章大意】本文中列舉了在5種不同的情況下，如何表現(xiàn)

22、得有禮貌的方法。25. 【答案】D 【試題解析】推理題。根據(jù)Situation I中的Q: If someone sits right next to me in an empty movie theater, is it rude to move?A: Maybe, but nobody will fault you for it. Chances are that the close sitter doesnt realize he disturbs you。可知在電影院里，如果有人坐得理你太近，這也許會(huì)是一件讓人惱怒的事情。故D正確。26. 【答案】B 【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)Situa

23、tion III中的Stare at him until he gets aware of it and quiets down可知如果一個(gè)人講話聲音太大，你可以瞪著他看，直到他意識(shí)到為止。故B正確。27. 【答案】D 【試題解析】猜測(cè)詞義題。根據(jù)Situation IV中 If I remember my friends birthday a day late, 和This is the reason why the word belated was invented.可知這是在你忘記了對(duì)方的生日之后的補(bǔ)救措施。故該詞應(yīng)該是指“delayed”遲到的，晚來的。故D正確。28. 【答案】A 【

24、試題解析】主旨大意題。本文中列舉了在5種不同的情況下，如何表現(xiàn)得有禮貌的方法。故A正確?！鹃L(zhǎng)難句解析】Chances are that the close sitter doesnt realize he disturbs you, so he may miss your annoyance.【翻譯】很有可能那個(gè)坐得較為靠近的人并沒有意識(shí)到你打擾到你了，所以他可能沒有注意到你生氣了?！痉治觥勘揪渲杏幸粋€(gè)固定句式chances are that很可能；另外動(dòng)詞realize后面含有一個(gè)賓語從句he disturbs you。CWould it surprise you to learn that

25、, like animals, trees communicate with each other and pass on their wealth to the next generation?UBC Professor Simard explains how trees are much more complex than most of us ever imagined. Although Charles Darwin thought that trees arc competing for survival of the fittest, Simard shows just how w

26、rong he was. In fact, the opposite is true: trees survive through their co-operation and support, passing around necessary nutrition “depending on who needs it”.Nitrogen（氮） and carbon are shared through miles of underground fungi（真菌） networks, making sure that all trees in the forest ecological syst

27、em give and receive just the right amount to keep them all healthy. This hidden system works in a very similar way to the networks of neurons（神經(jīng)元）in our brains, and when one tree is destroyed, it affects all.Simard talks about “mother trees”, usually the largest and oldest plants on which all other

28、trees depend. She explains how dying trees pass on the wealth to the next generation, transporting important minerals to young trees so they may continue to grow. When humans cut down “mother trees” with no awareness of these highly complex “tree societies” or the networks on which they feed, we are

29、 reducing the chances of survival for the entire forest.“We didnt take any notice of it.” Simard says sadly. “Dying trees move nutrition into the young trees before dying, but we never give them chance.” If we could put across the message to the forestry industry, we could make a huge difference tow

30、ards our environmental protection efforts for the future.29.The underlined sentence “the opposite is true” in Paragraph 2 probably means that trees.A.compete for survivalB.protect their own wealthC.depend on each otherD.provide support for dying trees30.“Mother trees” are extremely important because

31、 they .A.look the largest in size in the forestB.pass on nutrition to young treesC.seem more likely to be cut down by humansD.know more about the complex “tree societies”31.The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refers to .A.how “tree societies” workB.how trees grow oldC.how forestry industr

32、y developsD.how young trees survive32.What would be the best title for the passage?A.Old Trees Communicate Like HumansB.Young Trees Are In Need Of ProtectionC.Trees Are More Awesome Thart You ThinkD.Trees Contribute To Our Society【考點(diǎn)】考察科普知識(shí)類閱讀【文章大意】本文主要講述了森立的樹木會(huì)通過“tree societies”把自己的財(cái)富交給下一代。并詳細(xì)說明了這一

33、發(fā)現(xiàn)的具體內(nèi)容。29. 【答案】C 【試題解析】推理題。根據(jù)本句Although Charles Darwin thought that trees arc competing for survival of the fittest, Simard shows just how wrong he was. In fact, the opposite is true: 可知達(dá)爾文認(rèn)為樹是相互競(jìng)爭(zhēng)以獲得生存。但是Simard的實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)達(dá)爾文是錯(cuò)誤的。實(shí)際上：與達(dá)爾文的理論相反的觀點(diǎn)是正確的。也就是說樹不是競(jìng)爭(zhēng)生存，而是考相互合作，相互依靠生存下來的。故C正確。30. 【答案】B 【試題解析】推理題

34、。根據(jù)文章第四段Simard talks about “mother trees”, usually the largest and oldest plants on which all other trees depend.可知“mother trees”通常都是其他的樹依賴的大樹，它承擔(dān)這向小樹輸送養(yǎng)料的作用。ACD三項(xiàng)都是片面的理解。故B正確。31. 【答案】A【試題解析】推理題。根據(jù)第四段最后三行和最后一段第一行When humans cut down “mother trees” with no awareness of these highly complex “tree soci

35、eties” or the networks on which they feed, we are reducing the chances of survival for the entire forest.“We didnt take any notice of it.”當(dāng)人們意識(shí)不到這種復(fù)雜的“tree societies”情況下砍倒了mother trees，我們就減少了整個(gè)森林幸存的機(jī)會(huì)。最后一段第一句中的it就是指complex “tree societies”。故A正確。32. 【答案】C 【試題解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章主題段第一段Would it surprise you t

36、o learn that, like animals, trees communicate with each other and pass on their wealth to the next generation?可知樹和動(dòng)物一樣，能夠把自己的財(cái)富交個(gè)下一代。這比人們?cè)瓉淼目捶ㄍ耆灰粯樱瑯浔任覀冋J(rèn)為地更聰明。故C正確?！鹃L(zhǎng)難句解析】UBC Professor Simard explains how trees are much more complex than most of us ever imagined.【翻譯】UBC的教授Simard樹木要比我我們很多人想象得還要復(fù)雜。【分析

37、】本節(jié)中的動(dòng)詞explain后面含有一個(gè)how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句how trees are much more complex than most of us ever imagined.這個(gè)從句中有一個(gè)比較從句most of us ever imagined。DTravis is the manager of G&G where he is responsible for forty employees（雇員） and profits (利潤(rùn)) of over $2 million per year. Hes never late to work. He does not get upset o

38、n the job. When one of his employees started crying after a customer screamed at her, Travis took her away. “Your working uniform is your shelter,” he told her. “Nothing anyone says will ever hurt you. You will always be as strong as you want to be.”Travis picked up that lecture in one of his G&G tr

39、aining courses, an education program that began on his first day and continues throughout an employees occupation. The training has, Travis says, changed his life. G&G has taught him how to live, how to focus, how to get to work on time, and how to master his emotions（情緒）.Most importantly, it taught

40、 him willpower.At the center of that education is an extreme focus on an all-important habit: willpower. Dozens of cases show that willpower is the single most important habit for a person s success.And the best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit. “Sometimes it looks like people

41、with great self-control arent working hardbut thats because theyve made it automatic,” Angela Duckworth, one of the University of Pennsylvania researchers said. “Their willpower occurs without them having to think about it.”The company spent millions of dollars developing programs of study to train

42、employees on self-control. Managers wrote workbooks that serve as guides to how to make willpower a habit in workers lives. Those courses are, in part, why G&G has grown from a sleepy company into a large one with more than seventeen thousand stores and profits of more than $10 billion a year.33.We

43、learn from Paragraph 2 that employees in G&G must .A.learn to give lecturesB.attend education programsC.design a working uniformD.develop a common hobby34.Willpower will become a habit when employees can . A.focus on the profitsB.benefit from the jobC.protect themselves wellD.control their feelings

44、well 35.What can we infer from the passage?A.G&G has grown into a large company.B.G&G will spend half its profits training employees.C.G&G may become more successful in the future.D.G&G has to produce more workbooks for managers.【考點(diǎn)】考察文化教育類閱讀【文章大意】本文通過G&G的培訓(xùn)課程告訴我們?nèi)说囊庵玖κ俏覀兪欠衲軌蛉〉贸晒Φ年P(guān)鍵。33. 【答案】B 【試題解析】

45、推理題。根據(jù)文章第二段1,2行Travis picked up that lecture in one of his G&G training courses, an education program that began on his first day and continues throughout an employees occupation.可知G&G的培訓(xùn)課程在新員工入職第一天就開始了，而且在貫穿與員工的工作之中。也就是說G&G的員工都得參加這樣的培訓(xùn)課程。故B正確。34. 【答案】D 【試題解析】推理題。根據(jù)第三段1,2行And the best way to strengt

46、hen willpower is to make it into a habit. “Sometimes it looks like people with great self-control arent working hardbut thats because theyve made it automatic可知加強(qiáng)意志力最好的方法就是讓意志力成為一種習(xí)慣。有時(shí)候有很強(qiáng)自我控制里的人工作并不努力，你是因?yàn)樗麄冞€沒有把自我控制當(dāng)成一種習(xí)慣。也就是說當(dāng)人們能夠很好地控制我們的感情時(shí)，我們就會(huì)讓意志力成為習(xí)慣。我們就能表現(xiàn)得很好。故D正確。35. 【答案】C 【試題解析】推理題。根據(jù)文章最后一

47、段第一句The company spent millions of dollars developing programs of study to train employees on self-control.和 最后一句Those courses are, in part, why G&G has grown from a sleepy company into a large one with more than seventeen thousand stores and profits of more than $10 billion a year.可知這家公司在培訓(xùn)員工方面花了很多錢

48、，而且也讓公司發(fā)展得很好，也正是因?yàn)樵趩T工培訓(xùn)方面的投入很大，所以他們可能在未來會(huì)取得更大的成功。故C正確?！鹃L(zhǎng)難句解析】And the best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit.【答案】加強(qiáng)意志力最好的方法就是讓意志力成為一種習(xí)慣?！痉治觥吭诒揪渲胁欢ㄊ降挠梅ǖ玫搅顺浞值捏w現(xiàn)。本句中主語the best way后面有不定式to strengthen willpower作為定語來修飾這個(gè)名詞，還可以使用the best way of strengthening willpower。另外本句中的表語to make it

49、 into a habit也是一個(gè)不定式，表示具體的一次性的行為。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10 分） 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。 Eyesight plays a very important role in our daily life. Every waking moment, the eyes are working to see the world around us. Over forty percent of Americans worry about losing eyesight, but its easy to

50、 include steps into our daily life to ensure healthy eyes. Here are five suggestions for a lifetime of healthy eyesight:Schedule yearly exams. 36 Experts advise parents to bring babies 6 to 12 months of age to the doctor for a careful check. The good news is that millions of children now can have ye

51、arly eye exams and following treatment, including eyeglasses.Protect against UV rays(紫外線).Long-term stay in the sun creates risk to youreyes. No matter what the season is, its extremely important to wear sunglasses. 37 Give your eyes a break. Two-thirds of Americans spend up to seven hours a day usi

52、ng computers or other digital products. 38 Experts recommend that people practice the 20/20/20 rule: every 20 minutes, take a 20-second break and look at something 20 feet away. 39 As part of a healthy diet, eat more fruits and vegetables each day. Vitamins(維生素) C and E help protect eyesight and pro

53、mote eye health.Practice safe wear and care of contact lenses（隱形眼鏡）. Many Americans use contact lenses to improve their eyesight. While some follow the medical guidance for wearing contact lenses, many are breaking the rules and putting their eyesight at risk. 40 Otherwise, you may have problems suc

54、h as red eyes, pain in the eyes, or a more serious condition.A.Eat your greens.B.Eye care should begin early in life.C.They can properly protect your eyes.D.Stay in good shape by taking more vitamins.E.Parents usually dont cane about their own eyesight.F.Always follow the doctors advice for appropri

55、ate wear.G.This frequent eye activity increases the risk for eye tiredness.36. 【答案】B 【試題解析】本段的標(biāo)題是Schedule yearly exams安排每年都檢查眼睛。橫線下一句：Experts advise parents to bring babies 6 to 12 months of age to the doctor for a careful check.可知專家建議父母親在6-12個(gè)月的時(shí)候就帶著孩子去進(jìn)行眼部檢查。也就說眼部檢查要盡可能地早進(jìn)行。故B正確。37. 【答案】C 【試題解析】長(zhǎng)時(shí)

56、間地在強(qiáng)烈的陽光下，都會(huì)傷害到我們的眼睛。所以不管是什么季節(jié)，我們都要佩戴太陽鏡，因?yàn)樘栫R可能會(huì)保護(hù)我們的視力。故C項(xiàng)符合上下文串聯(lián)。38. 【答案】G 【試題解析】本段的標(biāo)題是Give your eyes a break.讓眼睛休息。本段第一句三分之二的美國(guó)人花7個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間使用電腦或者電子產(chǎn)品。沒有讓我們的眼睛得到休息，這樣頻繁地使用會(huì)增加我們眼睛疲勞的危險(xiǎn)。故G項(xiàng)符合上下文串聯(lián)。39. 【答案】A 【試題解析】根據(jù)本段第一句As part of a healthy diet, eat more fruits and vegetables each day.可知要多吃蔬菜等綠色食品，對(duì)我

57、們的眼睛是有好處的。故A項(xiàng)符合段落大意。40. 【答案】F 【試題解析】很多人都佩戴隱形眼鏡等，但是在使用中總是沒有按照使用說明，這也讓他們的眼睛處于危險(xiǎn)之中。那么我們要采納醫(yī)生的建議，合理使用這些設(shè)備。故F項(xiàng)符合上下文。第三部分英語知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填人空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。It was already half past seven and I was running late again for the dinner appointment with my wife, Eleanor. We had 41 to meet at the restaurant at se