《計(jì)算機(jī)英語(第4版)》課后練習(xí)A部分第二題答案

1、計(jì)算機(jī)英語1.artificial intelligence 人工智能2.paper-tape reader 紙帶閱讀器3.optical computer 光計(jì)算機(jī)4.neural network 神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)5.instruction set 指令集6.parallel processing 并行處理7.difference engine 差分機(jī)8.versatile logical element 通用邏輯元件9.silicon substrate 硅襯底10.vacuum tube 真空管11.數(shù)據(jù)的存儲與處理 the storage and handling of data12.超大規(guī)模

2、集成電路 very large-scale integrated circuit13.中央處理器 central processing unit14.個(gè)人計(jì)算機(jī) personal computer15.模擬計(jì)算機(jī) analogue computer16.數(shù)字計(jì)算機(jī) digital computer17.通用計(jì)算機(jī) general-purpose computer18.處理器芯片 processor chip19.操作指令 operating instructions20.輸入設(shè)備 input device1.function key 功能鍵，操作鍵，函數(shù)鍵2.voice recognition

3、 module 語音識別模塊3.touch-sensitive region 觸敏區(qū)4.address bus 地址總線5.flatbed scanner 平板掃描儀6.dot-matrix printer 點(diǎn)陣打印機(jī)（針式打印機(jī)）7.parallel connection 并行連接8.cathode ray tube 陰極射線管9.video game 電子游戲10.audio signal 音頻信號11.操作系統(tǒng) operating system12.液晶顯示（器） LCD (liquid crystal display)13.噴墨打印機(jī) inkjet printer14.數(shù)據(jù)總線 dat

4、a bus15.串行連接 serial connection16.易失性存儲器 volatile memory17.激光打印機(jī) laser printer18.磁盤驅(qū)動器 disk drive19.基本輸入輸出系統(tǒng) BIOS (Basic Input/Output System)20.視頻顯示器 video display1.storage register 存儲寄存器2.function statement 函數(shù)語句3.program statement 程序語句4.object-oriented language 面向?qū)ο笳Z言5.assembly language 匯編語言6.interm

5、ediate language 中間語言，中級語言7.relational language 關(guān)系（型）語言8.artificial language 人工語言9.data declaration 數(shù)據(jù)聲明10.Structured Query Language 結(jié)構(gòu)化查詢語言11.可執(zhí)行程序 executable program12.程序模塊 program module13.條件語句 conditional statement14.賦值語句 assignment statement15.邏輯語言 logic language16.機(jī)器語言 machine language17.函數(shù)式語言

6、functional language18.程序設(shè)計(jì)語言 programming language19.運(yùn)行計(jì)算機(jī)程序 run a computer program20.計(jì)算機(jī)程序員 computer programmer1.inference engine 推理機(jī)2.system call 系統(tǒng)調(diào)用3.compiled language 編譯執(zhí)行的語言4.parallel computing 并行計(jì)算5.pattern matching 模式匹配6.memory location 存儲單元7.interpreter program 解釋程序8.library routine 庫程序，程序庫例

7、行程序9.intermediate program 中間程序，過渡程序10.source file 源文件11.解釋執(zhí)行的語言 interpreted language12.設(shè)備驅(qū)動程序 device driver13.源程序 source program14.調(diào)試程序 debugging program15.目標(biāo)代碼 object code16.應(yīng)用程序 application program17.實(shí)用程序 utility program18.邏輯程序 logic program19.墨盒 ink cartridge20.程序的存儲與執(zhí)行 program storage and execut

8、ion1.system specification 系統(tǒng)規(guī)格說明2.unit testing 單位（或單元、部件）測試3.software life cycle 軟件生命周期（或生存周期）4.system validation testing 系統(tǒng)驗(yàn)證測試5.evolutionary development process 演化開發(fā)過程6.linear model 線性模型7.program unit 程序單元8.throwaway prototype 拋棄式原型9.text formatting 正文格式編排，文本格式化10.system evolution 系統(tǒng)演變11.系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)范例 sy

9、stem design paradigm12.需求分析與定義 requirements analysis and definition13.探索式編程方法 exploratory programming approach14.系統(tǒng)文件編制 system documentation15.瀑布模型 waterfall model16.系統(tǒng)集成 system integration17.商用現(xiàn)成軟件 commercial off-the-shelf (或COTS) software18.基于組件的軟件工程 component-based software engineering (CBSE)19.軟

10、件維護(hù)工具 software maintenance tool20.軟件復(fù)用 software reuse1.end user 最終用戶，終端用戶2.atomic operation 原子操作3.database administrator 數(shù)據(jù)庫管理員4.relational database model 關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫模型5.local data 本地?cái)?shù)據(jù)6.object-oriented database 面向?qū)ο髷?shù)據(jù)庫7.database management system (DBMS) 數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)8.entity-relationship model (ERM) 實(shí)體關(guān)系模型9.di

11、stributed database 分布式數(shù)據(jù)庫10.flat file 平面文件11.二維表 two-dimensional table12.數(shù)據(jù)屬性 data attribute13.數(shù)據(jù)庫對象 database object14.存儲設(shè)備 storage device15.數(shù)據(jù)類型 data type16.數(shù)據(jù)插入與刪除 data insertion and deletion17.層次數(shù)據(jù)庫模型 hierarchical database model18.數(shù)據(jù)庫體系結(jié)構(gòu) database architecture19.關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng) relational database mana

12、gement system (RDBMS)20.全局控制總線 global control bus1.file server 文件服務(wù)器2.carrier sense 載波檢測，載波監(jiān)聽3.protocol suite 協(xié)議組，協(xié)議集4.peer-to-peer model 對等模型5.bus topology network 總線拓?fù)渚W(wǎng)絡(luò)6.inter-machine cooperation 機(jī)器間合作，計(jì)算機(jī)間合作7.Ethernet protocol collection 以太網(wǎng)協(xié)議集8.proprietary network 專有網(wǎng)絡(luò)9.utility package 實(shí)用軟件包，公用

13、程序包10.star network 星形網(wǎng)絡(luò)11.局域網(wǎng) local area network (LAN)12.令牌環(huán) token ring13.無線網(wǎng)絡(luò) wireless network14.封閉式網(wǎng)絡(luò) closed network15.環(huán)形拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu) ring topology16.客戶機(jī)服務(wù)器模型 client/server model17.網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用程序 network application18.進(jìn)程間通信 interprocess communication19.打印服務(wù)器 print server20.廣域網(wǎng) wide area network (WAN)1.cell phone

14、蜂窩電話，移動電話，手機(jī)2.IP address 網(wǎng)際協(xié)議地址，IP地址3.autonomous system 自主系統(tǒng)4.dial-up connection 撥號連接5.network identifier 網(wǎng)絡(luò)標(biāo)識符6.binary notation 二進(jìn)制記數(shù)法7.mnemonic name 助記名，縮寫名8.Internet-wide directory system 因特網(wǎng)范圍的目錄系統(tǒng)9.name server 名稱服務(wù)器10.Internet infrastructure 因特網(wǎng)基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)11.助記地址 mnemonic address12.網(wǎng)吧 cyber cafe13.寬帶因

15、特網(wǎng)訪問 broadband Internet access14.頂級域名 top-level domain (TLD)15.因特網(wǎng)編址 Internet addressing16.點(diǎn)分十進(jìn)制記數(shù)法 dotted decimal notation17.因特網(wǎng)服務(wù)提供商 Internet service provider (ISP)18.專用因特網(wǎng)連接 dedicated Internet connection19.主機(jī)地址 host address20.硬件與軟件支持 hardware and software support 1.server farm 大型機(jī)服務(wù)器2.access prot

16、ocol 存取協(xié)議，訪問協(xié)議3.storage area network 存儲區(qū)域網(wǎng)（絡(luò)）4.high-throughput computing 高吞吐（量）計(jì)算5.server cluster 服務(wù)器集群6.public cloud 公共云7.grid computing 網(wǎng)格計(jì)算8.security-aware cloud architecture 具有安全意識的云體系結(jié)構(gòu)9.social networking 社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)10.utility computing 效用計(jì)算11.云計(jì)算提供商 cloud computing provider12.存儲芯片 memory chip13.基于內(nèi)部網(wǎng)

17、的私有云 intranet-based private cloud14.網(wǎng)絡(luò)帶寬 network bandwidth15.混合云 hybrid cloud16.磁盤陣列 disk array17.軟件即服務(wù) Software as a Service (SaaS)18.集群計(jì)算 cluster computing19.虛擬化計(jì)算機(jī)資源 virtualized computer resources20.多核處理器 multi-core processor1.backup system 備份系統(tǒng)2.encryption key （加密）密鑰3.data confidentiality 數(shù)據(jù)機(jī)密性4

18、.system vulnerability 系統(tǒng)脆弱性，系統(tǒng)脆弱之處5.unauthorized access 未經(jīng)授權(quán)的訪問，越權(quán)存取6.intrusion detection system 入侵檢測系統(tǒng)7.after-action recovery 事后恢復(fù)8.software piracy 軟件侵權(quán)9.authorized user 特許用戶10.data unit 數(shù)據(jù)單元，數(shù)據(jù)單位11.軟件版本 software version12.數(shù)據(jù)完整性 data integrity13.系統(tǒng)崩潰 system crash14.病毒檢查軟件 virus-checking software15.

19、綜合安全策略 comprehensive security strategy16.軟件配置管理 software configuration management 17.故障隔離 fault isolation18.統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)庫 statistical database19.保密的加密算法 secure encryption algorithm20.數(shù)據(jù)流 data stream1.mailing list 郵件發(fā)送清單，郵件列表2.proprietary software 專有軟件3.cc line 抄送行4.bcc line 密送行5.forwarded e-mail message 轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)的

20、電子郵件6.e-mail convention 電子郵件常規(guī)7.click on an icon 點(diǎn)擊圖標(biāo)8.confidential document 密件，秘密文件9.classified information 密級信息10.recovered e-mail message 恢復(fù)的電子郵件11.常用情感符 commonly used emoticon12.已刪除電子郵件 deleted e-mail13.電子系統(tǒng) electronic system14.附件行 Attachments line15.版權(quán)法 copyright law16.電子郵件網(wǎng)規(guī) e-mail netiquette17.信息高速公路 informa