牛津必修一Unit2Growingpains語言點精講精練

1、Unit 2Growing pains 語言點目標(biāo)認(rèn)知重點詞匯waste， vacation， expect ， surprise， frightened， fault ， defend，deserve， argue 重點短語turn up ， no more，do with ， go out, be hard on sb. be supposed to do sth.， feel like ，now that重點句型cantwait to do sth 過去分詞表伴隨（followed by , ）現(xiàn)在分詞表伴隨（walking , ）with+ 名詞 +介詞短語have + sthdone

2、知識講解重點詞匯waste【原句回放】 Dontyou think this is a waste of time ？ 難道你不認(rèn)為這是浪費時間嗎?【點撥】 waste n. & vt .浪費； adj.廢棄的常用結(jié)構(gòu)It s a waste of time/ money/ breath to do/ doing sth .做某事是對時間/ 金錢 / 口舌的浪費waste . on/ over sth.在某事物上浪費waste . ( in) doing sth .浪費 , 做某事,Father thinks it s a waste of money to have holidays

3、 爸爸認(rèn)為度假是浪費錢。It s a waste of time waiting any longer 再等下去是浪費時間。Dontwaste time playing computer games 不要浪費時間玩電腦游戲了。She wasted too much money on those books她在那些書上浪費了太多錢了。Much energy is wasted producing things that are thrown away 在生產(chǎn)那些要扔掉的東西上浪費了大量的能源。We can recycle the waste paper我們可以回收利用這些廢紙。vacation【

4、原句回放】 Mom and Dad arrive back from vacation a day earlier than expected媽媽和爸爸外出度假，比預(yù)期的時間提前一天返回家中?！军c撥】 vacationn. 休假，假期；vi.度假常用結(jié)構(gòu)the summer/ winter vacation / holidays 暑 / 寒假on vacation / holidays 度假go on vacation開始度假take a vacation 休假He is on vacation in Xi an他在西安度假。They have gone to Beijing on vacat

5、ion. 他們到北京度假去了You look tired you should take a vacation. 你好像很累，應(yīng)該休個假?！就卣埂勘嫖觯篽oliday ， leave， vacation 的區(qū)別：1) holiday 和 vacation 均表示“休息日” “假日”“外出休假期” 。2) 在美國英語中， holiday 或者 public holiday 指政府機關(guān)、學(xué)校、銀行和商業(yè)機構(gòu)關(guān)門休息的公共假日。3) 在英國英語中， “公共假日”是“ bank holiday ”，另外“ vacation”主要指的是大學(xué)的假期，而在美國英語中，指各種學(xué)校的假期。4) leave 主要

6、指的是因事情或者因病不能工作而請假，常用于下列短語：go on leave 休假， ask for leave 請假， leave of absence 準(zhǔn)假。expect【原句回放】 Mom and Dad arrive back from vacation a day earlier than expected媽媽和爸爸外出度假，比預(yù)期的時間提前一天返回家中?！军c撥】 expect vt預(yù)料，預(yù)計；等待，盼望；猜想，認(rèn)為注意：表示“猜想，認(rèn)為”時，不能用于進(jìn)行時態(tài)。常用結(jié)構(gòu)expect sb. sth預(yù)料某人某事expect that. 預(yù)料 ,expect sb. to do sth.期

7、望某人做某事expect to do sth.盼望做某事I expect so.我想是的。I don texpect so./I expect not 我想不是的。I expect that he will pass the exam 我預(yù)料他會通過考試。We were expecting him to arrive yesterday 我們一直盼望著他昨天到達(dá)。Will he come soon? 他快來了嗎 ?I expect so./I dontexpect so. 我想是的。/ 我想不是的。We expect to make a small profit this year 我們預(yù)料今

8、年會有一點盈利?！就卣埂?expectationn. 期待，預(yù)期surprise【原句回放】 Yes，I cantwait to surprise the boys!是的，我迫不及待地要給男孩們一個驚喜呢!【點撥】 surprise n. 驚奇，驚訝vi. & vt.使 , 驚奇常用結(jié)構(gòu)surprise sb使某人驚奇to ones surprise 使某人驚奇的是in/ with surprise 驚奇地Donttell him about the present it s a surprise不要告訴他禮物的事這是個驚喜。It wouldn tsurprise me if they

9、 got married soon 如果他們很快就結(jié)婚，我也不會感到意外。What surprised me most was to see so many people seated at the back of the hall最使我感到驚訝的是看到這么多人坐在大廳的后面。I looked at him in/ with surprise I didn texpect to see him again 我驚奇地看著他沒想到又見到他了。To my surprise ， he passed the exam easily使我驚奇的是，他輕而易舉地通過了考試?！就卣埂勘嫖觯簊urprising

10、， surprised1）surprising 令人驚訝的， 令人驚奇的 （多修飾或說明事物，表示事物的性質(zhì)， 有主動意味）2） surprised 感到驚訝的（多修飾或說明人，表示人的感覺，有被動意味）The story was surprising 這個故事使人驚奇。I was so surprised at his coming 對于他的到來，我感到如此吃驚。I was surprised to see Betty there 我很驚訝會在那里見到貝蒂。The surprised look on the young man s faceusmadesurprised.年輕人臉上吃驚的表情

11、使我們很吃驚。注意： 此句中年輕人臉上是他對什么事情感到吃驚而產(chǎn)生的表情，所以用 surprised。如果用surprising ，就不是描述年輕人臉上的表情，而是他的臉的特點了，這樣“使人吃驚的”臉好像很少，所以一般不用surprising 修飾 look ，expression（表情）等。frightened【原句回放】 looking around room ， sounding frightened【點撥】 frightened adj. 受驚的，感到害怕的朝房間四周看看，聽起來非常害怕常用結(jié)構(gòu)be frightened to do sth .害怕做某事be frightened of

12、 sth . / doing sth .害怕某事 / 做某事be frightenedat. 看到 , 感到驚恐be frightened to death 嚇得要死I was frightened to look down from the top of the tall building從高樓頂上往下看，我感到害怕。The girl was frightened at the sight of a snake.看到一條蛇，她感到恐懼。He was frightened to death when he heard the news 他聽到這個消息的時候害怕得要死?！就卣?1】 fright

13、en vt. 使驚嚇、使驚恐常見結(jié)構(gòu)： frighten sb. 恐嚇某人，使某人驚恐Dontfrighten her. She s just a little girl.別嚇唬她。她只是個小女孩。The dog tried to frighten us, but it failed.這條狗想嚇唬我們，但是失敗了?！就卣?】同類詞語：1. 此類動詞表示“使某人產(chǎn)生某種情感”，賓語多是人。如：annoy使煩惱confuse使困惑2. 此類動詞的-ing形式多用來說明或者修飾事物的性質(zhì)，如annoying令人生氣的confusing令人困惑的，混亂的frightening令人害怕的，嚇人的3. 此

14、類動詞的過去分詞 （ - ed 形式）多用來說明或者修飾人所處的狀態(tài)， From his confused expression, I can see this confusing problem confused him.人的聲音或者表情。從他困惑的表情,我知道這個令人迷惑的問題把他弄糊涂了。When facing the earthquake ， he was frightened by the frightening scenes 面臨地震，他被那些可怕的情景嚇壞了。It annoyed me to be kept waiting so long.讓我等了這么久，真使我生氣。These

15、flies are annoying. 這些蒼蠅真使人心煩.He looked annoyed. 他看起來好像很不耐煩。fault【原句回放】 Why is everything always my fault?為什么什么事總是我的過錯?【點撥】fault n.( 不可數(shù) ) 過失，過錯； （可數(shù)名詞）缺點，瑕疵常用結(jié)構(gòu)be at fault 有錯，要對錯誤負(fù)責(zé)任find fault with挑剔；找茬，吹毛求疵be ones own fault for doing sth .是某人自己干某事而造成的錯Why should I say sorry when it s not my fault?

16、不是我的過錯，我為什么要道歉?You have no reason to find fault with him 你沒有理由對他挑剔。(2015福建高考 ) However, life can be great when you are not busy finding fault with it.然而，如果你不是忙著吹毛求疵，生活會很精彩的。Who s at fault for starting the fight? 引起這場爭吵是誰的錯呢？Hes proud of his children and blind to their faults他以子女為榮，對他們的缺點視而不見。【拓展】辨析：

17、fault ， mistake，error 和 wrong fault 多指人在道德上、習(xí)慣上、性格上等的弱點或者行為上的過失，強調(diào)對過失應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)任，也可以指物的功能方面的缺陷。wrong 作名詞指的是特別嚴(yán)重的不正當(dāng)?shù)男袨?，是正式用語。如：do wrong做錯do sb. wrong冤枉某人,委屈某人error和mistake多指因缺乏正確的理解而造成行動上、認(rèn)識上的錯誤。error 還可作定語。Theres a fault in the building ， so its not safe這個建筑物上有構(gòu)建錯誤，所以不安全。You cantarrest me There must be a

18、mistake你們不能逮捕我，肯定是弄錯了。It is an error message這是一個錯誤的信息。defend【原句回放】 They never even gave me a chance to defend myself他們壓根兒就不給我一個辯護(hù)的機會?！军c撥】 defend vt. & vi.防衛(wèi)，辯護(hù)，保衛(wèi)常用結(jié)構(gòu)defend sb./sth.保衛(wèi)某人 / 某物defend oneself from / against sth. 保護(hù)某人自己免受某事 Students should be ready to explain and defend their views 學(xué)

19、生應(yīng)該愿意為他們的觀點進(jìn)行解釋和辯護(hù)。Many young people want to join the army to defend our motherland許多的年輕人想要參軍來保衛(wèi)我們的祖國。Everyone wants to know what the film star will say to defend herself from/ against the charge每個人都想知道這位電影明星將要說什么來保護(hù)自己免受指控?！就卣埂?defence n. 辯護(hù)，防御deserve【原句回放】 They don tdeserve an explanation他們不值得我們?nèi)ソ忉?/p>

20、?！军c撥】 deserve vt. & vi.值得，應(yīng)得，應(yīng)受為常用結(jié)構(gòu)deserve to do sth.值得去做某事deserve doing . (=deserve to be done) 應(yīng)該被做，值得被做 But this question deserves further discussion 但這個問題值得進(jìn)一步的討論。They didn t deservto win.他們不該贏。He felt that he didn tdeserve to be given such a great honor他感到自己不配得到這么大的榮譽。The man deserves puni

21、shing (=to be punished). 他是罪有應(yīng)得?！就卣埂款愃圃~語：1. need/ want/ require doing (=to be done)需要被做2. be worth doing (= be worthy of being done) 做某事是值得的 The flowers need watering. 花需要澆水了。The book is worth reading again.這本書值得再讀一遍。argue【原句回放】 What do you usually argue about with your parents?你通常因為什么和你父母爭吵呢 ?【點撥】

22、argue v. 爭論，辯論，爭吵It s unnecessary to argue with him 和他爭論是沒有必要的。常用結(jié)構(gòu)argue that, 主張 , ，認(rèn)為 ,argue for / against sth.贊成 / 反對某事argue with sb. about / over sth.與某人爭論某事argue sb into. 說服某人做,We argued about the new teaching method with him 我們與他辯論那種新的教學(xué)方法。He argued that it was just a waste of money 他認(rèn)為那純粹是浪費錢

23、。She argued for the five - day week 她贊成一周上班5 天。I argued her into buying a new car.我說服她去買一輛新車。He argued with the taxi driver about the fare 他就車費問題與出租車司機爭吵?！就卣埂?argument n. 爭論，論點重點短語turn up【原句回放】Do you have to turn up your music so loud?你非要把音樂開這么大聲嗎?【點撥】 turn up 開大、調(diào)高 ( 收音機、暖氣等 ) ；露面；出現(xiàn)注意：1. 反義詞： turn

24、 down 把 , 調(diào)小2. 此短語是“動詞 +副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，后接代詞作賓語時，代詞應(yīng)放在動詞和副詞之間，如果接名詞，名詞可放中間，也可放在副詞后。I canthear the TV very well ，and could you turn it up a bit?我聽不清楚，你能把電視機的聲音調(diào)大一點嗎?Can you turn the radio up / turn up the radio a bit?你能把收音機的音量調(diào)大一點嗎?(2015全國 II 卷 ) Open the curtains and turn up the lights.拉開窗簾，調(diào)亮燈光。He didn tturn

25、 up until the late night 他直到深夜才露面。【拓展】含turn 的短語turn to sb. for help向某人求助turn on 打開turn into 變成turn out 生產(chǎn)，結(jié)果是，證明是turn in 上交turn off關(guān)上turn over 翻轉(zhuǎn)turn down 拒絕，關(guān)小no more【原句回放】 There will be no more computer games for you 你以后不要再想玩電腦游戲了。【點撥】no more不再（表示數(shù)量或者程度）注意：no more=not.any more ，后者中的not用來否定謂語動詞，any

26、 more則放在句末。Theres no more bread沒有面包了。( 指數(shù)量 )Hes no more clever than I am 他也不比我聰明多少。( 指的是程度 )We couldntstand it any more. 我們不能再忍受了。【拓展】 no more 和 no longer兩者都表示“不再” ，但是 no longer 表示動作不再延續(xù)，必須和表示持續(xù)意義的動詞一起使用。He no longer lives here =He doesntlive here any longer 他不再住在這兒了。Time lost will return no more =T

27、ime lost won treturn any more 光陰一去不復(fù)返。do with【原句回放】 What did you do with the cash we left?你倆用我們留給你們的錢做什么了【點撥】 do with處理（特殊疑問句中多與what 連用）What will you do with a person who falls off a bike and gets seriously injured?=Howwill you dealwith a person .?你會怎樣對待一個從自行車上摔下來而嚴(yán)重受傷的人?【拓展】同義短語：deal withdeal with

28、意為“處理” ， deal 為不及物動詞，用于特殊疑問句的時候多與how連用。How are we to deal with this naughty boy? =What are we to do with this naughty boy?我們將怎樣處置這個頑皮的男孩?go out【原句回放】 Mom and Dad look at each other as lights go out 當(dāng)燈熄滅的時候，媽媽和爸爸面面相覷?！军c撥】 go out 熄滅，出去，過時We were having evening classes when all the lights suddenly went

29、 out 我們正在上晚課，這時突然所有的燈都熄了。He goes out drinking most evenings 他大部分晚上都出去喝酒。Those skirts went out years ago 那些裙子幾年前就過時了。【拓展】辨析：put out ， go out 的區(qū)別：go out 指的是火或者是燈光的熄滅，用作不及物動詞。put out “撲滅，熄滅 ( 燈，蠟燭 ) ”，用作及物動詞。After several hours hard work ，the family put out the big fire在幾個小時的努力工作之后，這家人撲滅了大火。The big fir

30、e didn tgo out until late into the night 直到深夜大火才熄滅。be hard on sb.【原句回放】 Do you think we were too hard on Daniel?你覺得我們剛才對丹尼爾是不是太苛刻了呢 ?【點撥】 be hard on sb.對某人嚴(yán)厲，對某人苛刻；對, 來說難/ 不公；有可能傷害、損害The stepmother is very hard on Snow White 繼母對白雪公主很苛刻。It s hard on people who don thave a car對于沒車的人來說不公。Looking at a c

31、omputer screen all day can be very hard on the eyes 整天盯著電腦屏幕可能會對眼睛造成嚴(yán)重?fù)p害?！就卣埂客x短語be strict with sb.對 , 要求嚴(yán)格be supposed to do sth【原句回放】 But, but. you weren tsupposed to come home until tomorrow! 可是、可是 , 你們應(yīng)該明天才到家的呀 !【點撥】 be supposed to do sth應(yīng)該做某事Is he supposed to clean the outside of the windows or

32、only the inside?他應(yīng)該把窗戶外面擦干凈，還是只擦窗戶里面就可以了呢?The bus is supposed to leave at 5: 40， but it hasn tcome yet 公交車應(yīng)該在5 點 40 分發(fā)車，但是現(xiàn)在還沒到呢?！就卣?1】 suppose v.假定，猜想，認(rèn)定suppose sb. to be+n./ adj.意為“以為某人是 , ，假定某人是 , ”。All of her friends suppose him to be her husband 她所有的朋友都以為他是她的丈夫。 suppose/ supposing + that 從句 =if

33、 從句。Suppose/ Supposing you had one million dollars ， what would you do?假設(shè)你有一百萬美元，你會做什么?do you suppose 在句中常作插入語， 句子結(jié)構(gòu)為 “疑問詞 +do you suppose+疑問句其他部分 ( 陳述語序 ) ”。Where do you suppose he will go after school?你認(rèn)為他放學(xué)后會去哪兒?【拓展 2】 be supposed to do 的一個特殊用法“ was/were supposed to do sth”常用來表示 “本應(yīng)該做某事而實際上并未做”，相

34、當(dāng)于 “ be要不然他不會尊重我們的。he won trespect us也許吧， 可是既然他對我們粗魯無禮，要不然他不會尊重我們的。he won trespect us也許吧， 可是既然他對我們粗魯無禮，supposed to have done sth. 。”They were supposed to be here an hour ago他們本應(yīng)該在一個小時前到這兒的。You are supposed to have told me about it 你本應(yīng)該告訴我這件事的。feel like【原句回放】 Maybe，but now that he has been so rude to

35、 us，I feel like we have to punish him or那我覺得我們有必要教訓(xùn)教訓(xùn)他，【點撥】 feel like想要，意欲（接名詞、動名詞或從句作賓語）；摸起來像，感覺像If you feel like it ， We can go out for a walk 如果你有意愿的話，我們可以外出散步。I don tfeel like ( having) a big meal now 我現(xiàn)在不想大吃一頓。The material feels like silk 這種材料摸起來像絲綢。It feels like rain soon 好像馬上就要下雨了?！就卣埂勘嫖觯篺eel

36、 like 和 would like1. 兩者都可表示“想要” 。2. 注意搭配：feel like doing sth. （ like 是介詞，后接doing）would like to do sth.（ like 是動詞，后加to do）I would like to order a main course.我想點主菜。I don tfeel like walking very much today.我今天不太想散步。now that【原句回放】 Maybe，but now that he has been so rude to us，I feel like we have to puni

37、sh him or那我覺得我們有必要教訓(xùn)教訓(xùn)他，【點撥】 now that 既然（用于表示雙方都知道的或者已成事實的原因，引導(dǎo)從句）Now that I ve seen how she lives， I know why she needs so much money 既然看過了她的生活狀況，我知道她為什么需要那么多的錢了。Now that he is well again ， he can go on with his English study 既然他又恢復(fù)了，他就可以繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)英語了?！就卣埂客x詞sincesince 引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句時，意為“既然，鑒于”，與now that同義。Sin

38、ce the rain has stopped, let s go for a walk.既然雨停了，我們出去散散步吧。Since we are young, we shouldn t be too afraid of making mistakes.因為我們還年輕，所以不應(yīng)該太害怕犯錯誤。重點句型cant wait to do sth【原句回放】 Yes，I cantwait to surprise the boys!是的，我迫不及待地要給男孩們一個驚喜呢!【點撥】 cantwait to do sth. (can hardly to do sth.) 等不及做某事，迫不及待地要做某事常用結(jié)

39、構(gòu)： cant wait for. 等不及 ,I cantwait to go back home 我迫不及待地要回家。He can t wait to put on his new shoes他.迫不及待地穿上新鞋子。I can hardly wait to see him again. 我迫不及待地想要再看到他。The children canwaittfor the Christmas.孩子們等不及要過圣誕節(jié)了。【拓展】 canthelp doing sth.禁不住做某事Hearing the news, he couldn thelp crying.聽到這個消息，他哭了。過去分詞表伴隨

40、（followed by, ）【原句回放】 Eric runs in after it ， followed by a big dog ， walking very slowly 埃里克隨后跑進(jìn)起居室，身后跟著一條大狗，走得慢吞吞的?！军c撥】過去分詞表伴隨原句中 followedby 是過去分詞短語，在句中作伴隨狀語，表示謂語動詞發(fā)生時，主語的狀態(tài)， follow 與句子的主語是被動關(guān)系。He walked into the classroom ，followed by two students 他走進(jìn)教室，身后跟著兩名學(xué)生。Einstein walked along the street,

41、lost in thought.愛因斯坦漫步街頭，沉浸在思索之中。【拓展】過去分詞作狀語，可以表示時間、條件、原因、方式、伴隨等。The old mall stood up ， supported by his son ( 方式 )這位老人由他兒子攙扶著站了起來。Moved by the story ， he decided to study harder ( 原因 )由于被這個故事感動，他決定更加努力學(xué)習(xí)。Given another two hours ， I can surely finish the job ( 條件 )再給我兩小時，我肯定能完成這項工作?，F(xiàn)在分詞表伴隨（walking,

42、 ）【原句回放】 Eric runs in after it, followed by a big dog起居室，身后跟著一條大狗。走得慢吞吞的?！军c撥】現(xiàn)在分詞表伴隨，walking very slowly埃里克隨后跑進(jìn)1. walking very slowly 是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作伴隨狀語。2. 現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語表示謂語動作發(fā)生的同時，句子的主語的另一個動作正在發(fā)生。He was standing there， holding onto a tree that grew against the wall 他站在那兒，雙手抓住一棵靠墻而生的樹。There she stopped， liste

43、ning to the strange sounds 她在那兒停了下來，傾聽著那奇怪的聲音。3. 作伴隨狀語的現(xiàn)在分詞，相當(dāng)于主動語態(tài)的并列謂語；作伴隨狀語的過去分詞，相當(dāng)于被動語態(tài)的并列謂語。對比：We were sitting by the window ，talking about what happened yesterday （talk 和 we 是主動關(guān)系） =We were sitting by the window and talking about what happened yesterday我們坐在窗戶旁邊，談?wù)撝蛱彀l(fā)生的事情。The old man sat in the room ，surrounded by some children （ surround 和 the . man 是被動關(guān)系） =The old mall sat in the room and was surroundedby some children 老人坐在房間里，被一些孩子圍著。with+ 名詞 +介詞短語【原句回放】 The room is in a mess，with pizza boxes on the floor and dirty dishes in the sink房間亂糟糟的，地板上堆放著比薩餅盒子，洗碗池里全是臟碗?！军c撥】 with+ 名詞