Unit9ChineseFood

1、Unit 9Chinese FoodFormal meals may take hours in some cultures or Formal meals may take hours in some cultures or households, while in others people may eat households, while in others people may eat hastily while traveling to their next destination on hastily while traveling to their next destinati

2、on on foot or by car.foot or by car.Food is a basic necessity, so Food is a basic necessity, so every culture has important every culture has important norms and customs related to it. norms and customs related to it. Most cultures have food Most cultures have food preferences and food taboos, prefe

3、rences and food taboos, (e.g. Hindus dont eat beef, (e.g. Hindus dont eat beef, Muslims dont eat pork,)Muslims dont eat pork,) The biggest recent change in eating habits and food- The biggest recent change in eating habits and food-related lifestyles is the advent of fast food. This related lifestyl

4、es is the advent of fast food. This permits many people to eat away from home, or to permits many people to eat away from home, or to bring food home to eat without having no prepare it. bring food home to eat without having no prepare it. The famous fast foods are, for example, McDonalds The famous

5、 fast foods are, for example, McDonalds hamburgers and KFC (Kentucky Fried Chicken).hamburgers and KFC (Kentucky Fried Chicken). Fish is always served to symbolize accumulations of prosperity and wealth with the New Years Eve meals. There are other foods and snacks, which symbolize good wishes under

6、 special circumstances. These include duck, chicken and melon seeds.Food Symbolism Long noodle is the symbol of longevity in China, so that youngsters or seniors all will have a bowl of Long Life Noodle in the expectation of a healthy life. In Central China, if a baby is born, his In Central China,

7、if a baby is born, his father will send Red Boiled Eggs to father will send Red Boiled Eggs to announce the news. An even number, announce the news. An even number, usually six or eight Red Boiled Eggs with a usually six or eight Red Boiled Eggs with a black point dotted on one end will be black poi

8、nt dotted on one end will be delivered for a boy and an odd number, delivered for a boy and an odd number, usually five or seven without black point usually five or seven without black point for a girl.for a girl.Chinese cuisine: 中國菜系 Chinese cuisine has a number of different schools with their loca

9、l flavors, but the most influential and typical known by the public are the “Eight Cuisines”: Shandong Cuisine, Sichuan Cuisine, Guangdong Cuisine, Fujian Cuisine, Jiangsu Cuisine, Zhejiang Cuisine, Hunan Cuisine, and Anhui Cuisine. The essential factors that establish the form of the different vari

10、eties are complex and include history, cooking features, geography, climate, resources and life styles. Chinese cuisine: 中國菜系Chinese cuisine: 中國菜系 Cantonese food features a wide range of ingredients. Its cuisine lays emphasis on deep frying, stewing and especially on the color of the dishes. Sichuan

11、 dishes are distinguished for being “spicy and hot”. Their uniquely hot, pungent flavor is created by a mixture of spices and condiments, including red pepper, garlic and ginger. Zhejiang cuisine consists of hundreds of small delicacies from its main cities, the chief techniques of cooking being fry

12、ing, stir-fry, braising, and steaming thus rendering the dishes both healthy and savory. Chinese cuisine: 中國菜系切菜的方法切菜的方法Slice (切薄片切薄片), cut, thread （切絲）（切絲）, chop （砍、剁）（砍、剁）, dice (切成小方塊）切成小方塊） 烹調(diào)的方法烹調(diào)的方法Fry, stir fry, stew （烹）（烹）, steam, braise （燜）（燜）, boil, bake （烤），（烤）， roast (煎煎)油的名稱油的名稱Soybean

13、oil, pork fat, butter, sesame oil, soy sauce, peanut oil, rapeseed oilStructure AnalysisThe text can be divided into three parts.Part 1 (Paras. 1-4) : It discusses the difference in Chinese and Western attitudes towards food.Part 2 (Paras. 5-6) : It deals with the reasons of the international succes

14、s of Chinese food.Part 3 (Paras. 7-9): It elaborates on the nature of Chinese food. How do the Chinese and Westerners differ in their attitudes towards food?westernersApparently pretty indifferent to what goes into their stomachs, and so do not regard food as having any ultimate moral effect on them

15、. For them, food is quite simply a fuel. Paragraph Two-ThreeFood has primal importance. Food is the first happiness.Food is one of the ecstasies of life, to be thought about in advance; to be smothered with loving care throughout its preparation; to have time lavished on it in the final pleasure of

16、eating. ChineseHow do the Chinese and Westerners differ in their attitudes towards food?Paragraph Two-ThreeAttend to: deal with; take care of, look after 處處理；關(guān)心、照料理；關(guān)心、照料I have to go, because I have a great deal of things to attend to. 我得走了，因?yàn)槲矣泻芏嗍虑橐幚怼Ｎ业米吡?，因?yàn)槲矣泻芏嗍虑橐幚怼?Since I am busy, would you at

17、tend to the matter for me? 因?yàn)槲颐?，你能代我處理這件事嗎？因?yàn)槲颐Γ隳艽姨幚磉@件事嗎？ 總經(jīng)理將親自處理你們的申訴總經(jīng)理將親自處理你們的申訴。 Attend to: deal with; take care of, look after 處處理；關(guān)心、照料理；關(guān)心、照料The managing director will attend to your complaint personally . Moral fibre: 堅(jiān)定的意志堅(jiān)定的意志;堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的品質(zhì)堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的品質(zhì) a man of strong moral fibre 道德觀念強(qiáng)的人道德觀念強(qiáng)的人Primal:

18、 a. chief, main, primary；something that relates to the origins of things or that is very basic主要的，根本的；最初的、原始的主要的，根本的；最初的、原始的Money was a primal necessity to them. Jealousy is a primal emotion. Ecstasy: n. sudden intense feeling or excitement 狂喜狂喜The audience watched the magician with ecstasy, eager t

19、o see the result. 觀眾入神地看著魔術(shù)師，急于看到結(jié)果。觀眾入神地看著魔術(shù)師，急于看到結(jié)果。The first waterfall they passed threw Amy into ecstasy. 他們經(jīng)過第一道瀑布時(shí)艾米高興極了。他們經(jīng)過第一道瀑布時(shí)艾米高興極了。He listened to the music with ecstasy. 他聽音樂聽得入了神。他聽音樂聽得入了神。Ecstasy: n. sudden intense feeling or excitement 狂喜狂喜我獲得獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金時(shí)父親欣喜若狂。我獲得獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金時(shí)父親欣喜若狂。 My father was i

20、n ecstasy when I won my scholarship. Smother: v. cover closely or thickly 厚厚地覆蓋、厚厚地覆蓋、密密地加上密密地加上The pasta, my favourite, was smothered with a creamy sauce. 我最愛吃的意大利面條上涂了厚厚的一層奶油我最愛吃的意大利面條上涂了厚厚的一層奶油沙司。沙司。Smother sth. with/ in sth. 厚厚地或大面積地覆厚厚地或大面積地覆蓋某物蓋某物He attempted to smother up a scandal about his

21、family. Smother: v. cover closely or thickly 厚厚地覆蓋、厚厚地覆蓋、密密地加上密密地加上他企圖掩飾有關(guān)他家庭的丑聞。他企圖掩飾有關(guān)他家庭的丑聞。 Smother: v. to kill sb. by covering their face with something so that they cannot breathe 使使透不透不過氣來過氣來;使使窒息窒息;悶死悶死 In the big fire, most victims were smothered to death. 在那場大火中，大多數(shù)受害者被窒息致死。在那場大火中，大多數(shù)受害者被窒

22、息致死。She felt smothered with kindness. 她感受到難以消受的熱情。她感受到難以消受的熱情。Smother: put out or keep down a fire by covering it with ashes, sand, etc 用灰、沙等熄滅或悶住火用灰、沙等熄滅或悶住火If you put too much coal on the fire at once youll smother it. 在火上一下子添上很多煤，反而能把火熄滅。在火上一下子添上很多煤，反而能把火熄滅。Smother the flames from the burning pan

23、 with a wet towel. 用濕毛巾把鍋里的火撲滅。用濕毛巾把鍋里的火撲滅。He could hardly smother his anger. Smother: prevent sth. from developing 忍住哈欠、忍住哈欠、大笑等大笑等他幾乎抑制不住他的憤怒之情他幾乎抑制不住他的憤怒之情。 Lavish: lavish sth. on/upon sb./ sth. 慷慨而大量地慷慨而大量地將某物給某人將某物給某人Lavish care on an only child 對獨(dú)生子女關(guān)懷備至對獨(dú)生子女關(guān)懷備至Lavish: adj. in/ of/ with sth.

24、; in doing sth. He is lavish in donating money to charity. He was lavish with his praise for/lavish in praising the project. 他給慈善事業(yè)捐款非常慷慨。他給慈善事業(yè)捐款非?？犊?他對那計(jì)劃贊不絕口。他對那計(jì)劃贊不絕口。What is the chief purpose of eating to westerners?They went to restaurant to be entertained socially. So restaurant means a good

25、 position and good environment. Paragraph FourWhat does “to eat with a capital E” mean?Unlike westerners whose chief purpose of eating in a restaurant is to be entertained socially, the Chinese go to the restaurant for the sole purpose of eating. Thats why they tend to enjoy eating heart and soul. B

26、edeck: v. hang decorations, jewels, flowers, etc. on 裝飾，修飾裝飾，修飾Bedeck sth./sb. with sth. 裝飾、打扮某物裝飾、打扮某物/某人某人Paragraph SixWhat has helped the spread of Chinese food to the rest of the world?Firstly, emigrants from Hong Kong opened restaurants in various places. Secondly, Western people have become in

27、terested in the pursuit of sensual pleasures (which is abundant in Chinese food) and are eager to break their old Western habits. Part and parcel: an essential part that must not be ignored 重要部分、基本部分重要部分、基本部分Receptions are part and parcel of the chairmans job. 接待來賓是主席工作的一部分。接待來賓是主席工作的一部分。 We must ma

28、ke mutually beneficial cooperation a part and parcel of economic globalization and trade liberalization so as to ensure their sound development. 賦予經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化和貿(mào)易自由化以互利合作的內(nèi)涵，促賦予經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化和貿(mào)易自由化以互利合作的內(nèi)涵，促使其健康發(fā)展。使其健康發(fā)展。 Part and parcel: an essential part that must not be ignored 重要部分、基本部分重要部分、基本部分仁慈善良是他本性中不可缺少的一部

29、分。仁慈善良是他本性中不可缺少的一部分。Kindness is part and parcel of his nature. Phenomenal: adj. very remarkable; extraordinary 非凡的、格外的；了不起的非凡的、格外的；了不起的The phenomenal success of the film The rocket travels at phenomenal speed. You have a phenomenal memory. As Chinas biggest city, Shanghai has made phenomenal progres

30、s over the years, thanks in part to the contribution of foreign talent. 上海是中國第一大都會(huì)，近年來發(fā)展迅速，外來上海是中國第一大都會(huì)，近年來發(fā)展迅速，外來人才或可說功不可沒。人才或可說功不可沒。 Why is a Chinese meal compared to a religious ceremony?For Chinese people, the traditional high-quality Chinese meal is a serious matter. It is fastidiously prepared

31、 and fastidiously enjoyed. Both the preparation and enjoyment of a Chinese meal can last hours and make a shared experience which is well planned. The meal must not only meet of the challenge of the palate but also that of the eye. Vocabulary. Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own

32、 words. 1. How can one remain indifferent to something which will determine ones physical strength and ultimately ones spiritual and moral fibre and well-being?Emotional strength to do what one believes to be rightVocabulary. Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words. Vocabulary

33、. Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words. 2. How, they might ask, could eating a hamburger or drinking Coca Cola contribute anything to making you a saint or a sinner？ For them, food is quite simply a fuel.Material used to produce power; sth. Used to keep the body functioning

34、Vocabulary. Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words. Vocabulary. Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words. Vocabulary3. They settled on or near the west coast, where the famousor infamous”chop suey joints” grew up, with their rather inferior brand of Chin

35、ese cooking. Lower-class type. Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words. Vocabulary4. It is a shared experience for the participants, not a lonely chore, with its procession of planned and carefully contrived dishes, some elements designed to blend, others to contrast. A number

36、 of dishes that are served one after another in an orderly way . Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words. Vocabulary5. In a Chinese meal that has not been altered to conform to Western ideas of eating, everything is presented as a kind of buffet, the guest eating a little of t

37、his, a little of that. Individual portions as such are not provided. By themselves. Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words. VocabularyVocabulary. Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word taken from the box in its appropriate form. The old couple were too _ to eat in a f

38、ast-food restaurant. The cast went in _ when they heard about the Academy Award nomination. Many Chinese parents _ care on their children. During the time of economic slowdown, success becomes even more _.Vocabulary. Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word taken from the box in its appropriat

39、e form. fastidiousecstasieslavishelusiveVocabulary. Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word taken from the box in its appropriate form. 5. His rise to fame was quite _-in less than eighteen months he was a household name.6. Preparations for the Olympic Games are _ rapidly.7. Success came quic

40、kly, thanks to a mixture of talent, _, and luck.8. Have the police _ ways of handling the situation?phenomenalproceedingenterprisecontrivedVocabulary. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words. The professor told us to _ everything we had learnt so far and start again. Did the

41、 information come from an _ source? These days it is possible to travel in any developed country without ever tasting the native cuisine, owing to the _ of fast-food outlets. It is _ that both of them should be recommended.Vocabulary. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words.

42、 disregardauthoritativeubiquitydesirableVocabulary. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words. 5. She felt a sense of _ when her old enemy turned to her for help.6. The two presidents signed the union treaty _ this afternoon.7. Our Indian friends find it difficult to understan

43、d our _ binge on meat.8. Professor Simpson talked to the students about the _ of scientific laws from observation. piquancyceremoniallygluttonousderivationVocabulary. Fill in the blank in each sentence with an appropriate phrasal verb or collocation taken from the text. 1. Sorry to say that your hai

44、r is beginning to _.2. The building does not _ safety regulations.Vocabulary. Fill in the blank in each sentence with an appropriate phrasal verb or collocation taken from the text. Vocabulary. Fill in the blank in each sentence with an appropriate phrasal verb or collocation taken from the text. la

45、vish on come about proceed with conform toDerive from spring up come off attend tocome offconform toVocabulary. Fill in the blank in each sentence with an appropriate phrasal verb or collocation taken from the text. 3. She _ her enthusiasm for visual arts _ her mother.4. Would you please _ what I am

46、 saying?5. Hundreds of new restaurants have _ in the city over the past few years.lavish on come about proceed with conform toDerive from spring up come off attend toderives/derivedfromattend tosprung upVocabulary. Fill in the blank in each sentence with an appropriate phrasal verb or collocation ta

47、ken from the text. lavish on come about proceed with conform toDerive from spring up come off attend to6. You must explain how this dangerous situation _.7. Shall we _ our seminar after the coffee break?8. Anne talked her husband out of _ money _ his friends.came aboutlavishingonproceed withVocabula

48、ry. Explain the underlined phrasal verbs in your own words. It was an odd feeling, and perhaps accounts for why I delayed my departure so long. I came upon this bundle of letters when I was sorting through her desk. The president will consult with other heads of state to see if some common approache

49、s to sanctions can be agreed on among them. We could never embark on such an ambitious project without doing thorough research. Vocabulary. Explain the underlined phrasal verbs in your own words. explainsaccidentally founddiscuss withstartVocabulary. Explain the underlined phrasal verbs in your own

50、words. 5. Clint Eastwood featured in a series of popular “spaghetti” westerns in the 1960s and early 1970s.6. Now that weve told him what we want from him, wed better give him some time to chew it over.7. Their holiday travel ate into the money they had saved for years.8. During the debate, my oppon

51、ent kept cutting in. Played a prominent role inThink about it carefullyConsumed part ofinterruptingGrammarThe appositives 同位語同位語由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上同一層次的語言單位組成的結(jié)構(gòu)，其中前項(xiàng)由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上同一層次的語言單位組成的結(jié)構(gòu)，其中前項(xiàng)與后項(xiàng)所指相同，句法功能也相同，后項(xiàng)是前項(xiàng)的同位語。與后項(xiàng)所指相同，句法功能也相同，后項(xiàng)是前項(xiàng)的同位語。1. 同位語可由名詞、代詞、名詞性短語和名詞性從句等構(gòu)成。同位語可由名詞、代詞、名詞性短語和名詞性從句等構(gòu)成。同位語可分限制性同位語

52、和非限制性同位語。限制性同位語和同位語可分限制性同位語和非限制性同位語。限制性同位語和它所說明的成分關(guān)系比較密切，不用逗號分開。非限制性同位它所說明的成分關(guān)系比較密切，不用逗號分開。非限制性同位語則相反。例如：語則相反。例如：The news that our team has won is true.2. 同位語可由逗號、破折號、冒號、連詞同位語可由逗號、破折號、冒號、連詞or等來和它所說明的等來和它所說明的成分分開；也可由表示等同關(guān)系的成分分開；也可由表示等同關(guān)系的namely, that is 或或i.e.等引導(dǎo)。等引導(dǎo)。例如：例如：They have put in place the

53、tools of my new business: currycomb, brush, pitchfork. GrammarThe appositives 同位語同位語GrammarThe appositives 同位語同位語3. 同位語一般緊跟在其所說明的成分之后，但有時(shí)也可放在句同位語一般緊跟在其所說明的成分之后，但有時(shí)也可放在句子的前面（主語之前），尤其是主語為人稱代詞時(shí)，為了平衡子的前面（主語之前），尤其是主語為人稱代詞時(shí)，為了平衡句子的節(jié)奏，把同位語放置于代詞前。例如：句子的節(jié)奏，把同位語放置于代詞前。例如：A person of French origin, he is now a

54、n American citizen.4. 在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)同位語的名詞性從句稱為同位語從句，補(bǔ)充在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)同位語的名詞性從句稱為同位語從句，補(bǔ)充說明該名詞性成分的相關(guān)情況。在使用同位語從句時(shí)，應(yīng)注意說明該名詞性成分的相關(guān)情況。在使用同位語從句時(shí)，應(yīng)注意以下四個(gè)方面：以下四個(gè)方面： 同位語從句一般情況下跟在某些名詞（如同位語從句一般情況下跟在某些名詞（如news, idea, fact, promise, hope, message等的）后面，用以說明該名詞所表達(dá)的等的）后面，用以說明該名詞所表達(dá)的具體內(nèi)容。例如：具體內(nèi)容。例如：Ive come from Mr. Wang with a m

55、essage that he wont be able to see you this afternoon. GrammarThe appositives 同位語同位語 同位語從句前名詞的數(shù)。同位語從句前的名詞通常用單數(shù)形同位語從句前名詞的數(shù)。同位語從句前的名詞通常用單數(shù)形式，并且往往帶有限定詞加以修飾。例如：式，并且往往帶有限定詞加以修飾。例如：Give me your promise that you will come to our party this evening.同位語從句連接詞的選用。在英語中，引導(dǎo)同位語從句的先同位語從句連接詞的選用。在英語中，引導(dǎo)同位語從句的先行詞通常為行詞

56、通常為answer, hope, fact, truth, belief, news, idea, promise, information, conclusion, order, suggestion, problem, question, thought, report, belief, decision, doubt, opinion, theory 等抽象名等抽象名詞。例如：詞。例如：The question who should do the work requires further consideration. GrammarThe appositives 同位語同位語. Tra

57、nslate the following into English, using the expressions in brackets.1. 我無法忍受那噪音。（我無法忍受那噪音。（more than)That noise is more than I can bear. 2. 我們非常高興盡我們所能幫助你。我們非常高興盡我們所能幫助你。 （more than)We are more than happy to help you in any way we can. . Translate the following into English, using the expressions in brackets.3. 不下不下1000人參加了馬拉松賽跑。（人參加了馬拉松賽跑。（no less than)No less than a thousand people participated in the marathon. 4. 他和他的兄弟一樣都對化學(xué)毫無興趣。他和他的兄弟一樣都對化學(xué)毫無興趣。(no morethan)He is no more interested in chemistry than his brother. . Translate the following into English, using the expressions in br