高中主語從句及賓語從句講解

1、高考總復(fù)習：主語從句及賓語從句真題再現(xiàn)1. The limits of a persons intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but _ he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.A. where B. whether C. that D. why 2. It is by no means clear the president can do to end the strike.A. how B. whichC. that D. what3. Jerry

2、 did not regret giving the comment but felt _ he could have expressed it differently.A. why B. how C. that D. whether4. We promise _ attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever5. It doesnt matter _ you pay by cash or credit card in this

3、store.A. how B. whether C. what D. why6. Everyone in the village is very friendly. It doesnt matter _ you have lived there for a short or a long time.A. why B. how C. whether D. when7. It suddenly occurred to him _ he had left his keys in the office.A. whether B. where C. which D. that 8. The newcom

4、er went to the library the other day and searched for _ he could find about Mark Twain.A. wherever B. however C. whatever D. whichever9. As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose _ suits you best.A. whatever B. whichever C. whenever D. wherever1. B。首先把插入語generally speaking刪掉。b

5、ut后的并列分句中，whether he reaches these limits（作為句子主語）will depend on his environment.2. D。此處it是形式主語，what引導的是主語從句，作真正的主語，what作do的賓語。句意：總統(tǒng)采取什么行動結(jié)束這次罷工一點也不清楚。3. C。賓語從句不缺少成分用that引導。4. C。首先本句考查的關(guān)鍵短語是promise sb. sth.（向某人承諾某事），本句指的是向參加聚會的人提供一個和電影明星合影的機會，不定式做chance的定語，然后就是參加聚會的任何人（whoever=anyone who）。5. B。此處it是形

6、式主語，后面whether.or引導的主語從句是真正的主語，whether.or意為：是還是都行。句意：在這個商店中用現(xiàn)金或信用卡支付都可以。6. C。根據(jù)空后的or可知為“whether or”短語。7. D。it作形式主語，真正的主語為that he had left his keys in the office。且that在句中無意義，并不充當任何成分。8. C。介詞for后面加的是賓語從句，且從句中find缺少賓語，所以用whatever。9. B。所填詞引導的從句作動詞choose的賓語，引導詞在從句中做主語，意思是：無論哪件，選B。其余選項與句意不符。知識講解主語從句和賓語從句的引

7、導詞that和what的區(qū)別從句中缺少主語時，常用what引導，也可用which表示選擇，用who/whom/whoever指人。what引導主語從句、賓語從句等名詞性從句時，表示“所的(東西)”，并且在從句中充當句子成分。而that作為從屬連詞，引導主語從句、賓語從句時，其本身沒有實際意義，不充當句子成分。that引導主語從句時不省略，引導賓語從句時一般可以省略，但有些情況不可省略。That fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.It is pr

8、etty well understood what controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.A computer can only do what you have instructed it to do.The reporter said (that) the UFO was travelling east to west when he saw it.People have heard what the president has said; they are waiting to see wh

9、at he will do.if和whether的區(qū)別主語從句(放在句首時)常由whether引導。作及物動詞賓語時，用if/whether均可，但有區(qū)別；作介詞賓語時只用whether；后面緊跟or not 時，只用whether。Whether she will go home or not is unknown. Whether we shall raise ducks or geese remains to be decided. = It remains to be decided whether/if we shall raise ducks or geese. 但我們不能說If

10、we shall raise ducks or geese remains to be decided.I dont care whether/ if he comes.It depends on whether you can do the job well.其他連接代詞和連接副詞的選用連接代詞（what, which, who, whom, whose）在從句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語；連接副詞（when, where, why, how, whether, if等）在從句中作狀語。無論是連接代詞還是連接副詞，都有各自的意義。It matters little how a man dies

11、, but what matters much is how he lives.It was a matter of who would take the position.No one can be sure what man will look like in a million years.I have not been told where the meeting will be held.He explained why he set off so early that day.Whose girlfriend is the most beautiful is not the mos

12、t important thing.whoever與whatever，whichever的區(qū)別whoever, whatever, whichever除了可以引導讓步狀語從句，相當于no matter who/ what/ which外，還可以引導名詞從句。whoever相當于anyone who，表明泛指關(guān)系，表示“任何的人都，凡是的人都”。I hate whoever lies. Whoever wins gets a prize.whatever相當于anything that，表示“無論什么”。Whatever he thinks doesn't matter.Whatever

13、 you want can be found here. whichever意為“無論哪個，無論哪些”。既可指人，也可指物；既可單獨使用，也可修飾名詞，也可以跟of短語連用。You can choose whichever you want.Whichever of us gets home first starts cooking.it作形式主語和形式賓語從句在某個句子中作主語、賓語時，為保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)前后平衡，避免頭重腳輕，因此常用it作形式主語、賓語，而將真正的主語、賓語從句放在句尾。此時it只起先行引導作用，本身無詞義。It was really surprising that she

14、married a man like that.It was reported that more than 170 thousand people died in the 2004 tsunami.We owe it to you that there wasnt a serious accident.I hate it when my mother asks me to eat eggs. 主語從句、賓語從句的句序主語從句、賓語從句等名詞性從句用陳述語序。主語從句特別注意It構(gòu)成的主語從句主語從句可以放在句子后面，而用it作形式主語放在句首，尤其是從屬連詞that引導的主語從句常用于此種句

15、式中。這種句式主要有：It is + adj. / n. +從句It is a pity/shame that. 遺憾的是It is possible that. 很可能It is unlikely that. 不可能It is possible that he never intended to shoot her.It is unlikely that she will come.It is a shame that the rain spoiled our picnic.It +不及物動詞+從句It seems/appears that. 似乎It happened that. 碰巧It

16、 appears that you are all mistaken.It happened that the harvest was bad that year.It + be +過去分詞+從句It is said that. 據(jù)說It is known to all that. 眾所周知It is reported that. 據(jù)報道It is believed that.據(jù)信，人們相信It is suggested that.有人建議It must be pointed out that.必須指出It has been proved that.已證明.It is reported tha

17、t he is a scholar from New Zealand.It has been proved that the practice can only do good.It must be pointed out that some questions have yet to be clarified.主語從句中的主謂一致關(guān)系主語從句作主語相當于單數(shù)第三人稱作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，如果由and 連接兩個或兩個以上的主語從句作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；由兩個或多個連接詞引導一個主語從句，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。When the meeting will begin has not been de

18、cided yet. When they will start and where they go have not been decided yet. When and where the meeting will begin has not been decided. （has not ） 強調(diào)句型與帶有it的主語從句的區(qū)別強調(diào)句與主語從句雖然在形式上很相似，都含有It is/was. that.，但是它們有一個很重要的區(qū)別，強調(diào)句去掉It is /was.that之后，句子結(jié)構(gòu)仍然完整，而主語從句卻不能這樣。It is believed that at least a score of

19、buildings were damaged or destroyed.本句去掉“It is .that”后，留下believed，以及that.從句，句子結(jié)構(gòu)不完整，因此不是強調(diào)句型。It is surprising that Mary should have won first place. 句中的It是形式主語，that引導的是主語從句。句中的It is和that無法刪除,一旦刪除句子就不成立。It is Mary that has won first place. 本句是強調(diào)句型，其中的It is和that可以去掉，因為沒有It is和that句子仍然很通順. 賓語從句特別注意【高清課

20、堂 鏈接點：賓語從句 高清ID：396512】 如果賓語從句后有賓語補足語，要用形式賓語it，而將從句放到補足語后面。I thought it strange that he didnt pass the exam.Ive heard it said that youve won a scholarship.I felt it important that you tell me the truth.作介詞的賓語Did she say anything about how we should do the work?Who is responsible for what has happene

21、d?I was not moved by what he said.that 引導的賓語從句只有在except, in, but, besides 等少數(shù)介詞后用到。Your article is good except that it is too long.有時在介詞和其賓語從句的中間加形式賓語it.Ill see to it that everything is ready. You may depend on it that they will support you.作形容詞的賓語Im afraid that I have made a mistake.Im not sure if/

22、whether Im right.She began to criticize what I had done.其他幾組賓語從句He couldnt express what he felt.I will do whatever you wish.Take whichever seat you like.Give it to whomever you like.Give it to whoever is responsible.賓語從句的時態(tài)限制賓語從句應(yīng)同主句在謂語時態(tài)上保持一致。主句謂語是現(xiàn)在時，賓語從句的謂語可以是任意時態(tài)；主句謂語是過去時，賓語從句的謂語必須是過去的某種時態(tài)，（賓語是客

23、觀真理時則無此限制）。She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday.（從句是一般現(xiàn)在時） She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk.（從句是一般將來時） She says (that) she has never been to Mount Emei. （從句是現(xiàn)在完成時） He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon.（從句是一般過去時） He said (that) he was going to take care of

24、the baby.（從句是過去將來時） He said (that) they were having a meeting at that time.（從句是過去進行時） The teacher told us (that) nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it. （從句為客觀真理）引導賓語從句的that何時不能省略that引導賓語從句時，一般可以省略，但在下列情況下，引導賓語從句的常常不可省略。1.介詞except, but, besides, in等后跟that引導的賓語從句時。The Swede stood quite still, excep