動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)

1、時態(tài)是高考單項填空必考的語法項目。時態(tài)是高考單項填空必考的語法項目。 一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時 一般過去時一般過去時 進行時進行時時時態(tài)態(tài) 完成時態(tài)完成時態(tài) 將來時態(tài)將來時態(tài) 主要體現(xiàn)在主要體現(xiàn)在bebe的變化上，其形式與系動詞的變化上，其形式與系動詞bebe的變化形式完全的變化形式完全一樣。以一樣。以為例，列表如下：為例，列表如下： 一般現(xiàn)在時：一般現(xiàn)在時：am / is / are + given am / is / are + given 一般過去時：一般過去時：was / were +given was / were +given 一般將來時：一般將來時：shall / will +be+

2、 given shall / will +be+ given 現(xiàn)在進行時：現(xiàn)在進行時：am / is / are + being + givenam / is / are + being + given 現(xiàn)在完成時：現(xiàn)在完成時：have / has + been + givenhave / has + been + given 過去完成時：過去完成時：had + been + given had + been + given 過去進行時：過去進行時：was / were + being + givenwas / were + being + given 過去將來時：過去將來時： should

3、/ would +be+ givenshould / would +be+ given 將來完成時：將來完成時：shall / will + have been + givenshall / will + have been + given 過去將來完成時：過去將來完成時：should / would + have been + should / would + have been + givengiven 1.一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時 (do, does)2) His dog always barks at strangers.3) When his dog barks, he will kno

4、w that a stranger may come.4) The train leaves at seven tonight.（事實、真理）（事實、真理）（習慣性、經常性）（習慣性、經常性）（時間、條件狀從句）（時間、條件狀從句）（按規(guī)定、時間表）（按規(guī)定、時間表）典型考題典型考題1.Could you tell me if it in winter in Beijing. A. snowed B. snows C. snow D. will snow2. I need one more stamp before my collection _.A. has completed B. com

5、pletes C. has been completed D. is completedB D 在if 、unless等詞引導的條件狀語從句條件狀語從句，when till/until 、as soon as 、the time等詞引導的時間狀語從句時間狀語從句，當主句主句中的動詞用一般一般將來時將來時，從句中的動詞從句中的動詞通常用一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來時間。1.We will stay at home if it _ (rain) tomorrow.2.He will call up his parents as soon as he _ (reach) England.練習練習ra

6、insreaches2.一般過去時一般過去時 （did）1) The monkey fell down from the tree just now.2) They danced for four years.（過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)）（過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)）（過去經?；蚍磸桶l(fā)生的動作）（過去經常或反復發(fā)生的動作） 判斷正誤判斷正誤1、對不起，我沒看見你在這兒。、對不起，我沒看見你在這兒。Sorry, I dont see you here.Sorry, I didnt see you here.2、我忘了把你的傘帶來了。、我忘了把你的傘帶來了。I forget to bring y

7、our umbrella with me.I forgot to bring your umbrella with me.3. 進行時進行時1) Its snowing.2) He is always telling lies.3) They are leaving for school.a. 現(xiàn)在進行時現(xiàn)在進行時 （is/are/am + doing)go, come, leave 等用現(xiàn)在進行時代替將來時等用現(xiàn)在進行時代替將來時be always / often doing 表示說話人的態(tài)度表示說話人的態(tài)度b. 過去進行時過去進行時 (was/ were + doing)1) She wa

8、s doing homework this time yesterday.2) He was doing his homework.過去在做，不知道有沒有完成過去在做，不知道有沒有完成4. 完成時態(tài)完成時態(tài)有時間標志，有時間標志， 從過去某個時間開始，一直到從過去某個時間開始，一直到現(xiàn)在，并對現(xiàn)在存在影響現(xiàn)在，并對現(xiàn)在存在影響since, for, before, in the past /last few years a. 現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時(have/ has + done)b.過去完成時過去完成時 （had done)1)When he was eight months old, he

9、 had learned to drink milk by himself.2)The boy had hoped to pass the exam.3) The lady had intended to hold the vase.had thought/hoped/intended/planned 表示表示原本打算，但沒能實現(xiàn)的原本打算，但沒能實現(xiàn)的C. 完成進行時完成進行時 (has/have/had + been + doing)1) They have been doing the experiment all day long.2) He had been doing homewo

10、rk before he went to bed.強調過去某個時間開始，然后一直持續(xù)，強調過去某個時間開始，然后一直持續(xù)，沒有中斷沒有中斷 一般將來時一般將來時（1）表示將要發(fā)生的動作和狀態(tài)）表示將要發(fā)生的動作和狀態(tài) It is going to rain.（2）表示一種傾向和習慣動作）表示一種傾向和習慣動作 A lion will never attack an elephant. We will die without air and water.（3）常用進行時表將來的動作有）常用進行時表將來的動作有 come, go, leave, arrive 等，表示不易改變的動作。等，表示不易改

11、變的動作。 Spring is coming. She is leaving for the USA.4. 將來時態(tài)將來時態(tài)be to do 表按安排、計劃即將發(fā)生的動作，還可表示吩表按安排、計劃即將發(fā)生的動作，還可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、可能性等。咐、命令、禁止、可能性等。President Bush is to visit China next month.If you are to succeed, you must work hard.be about to do 表即可，就要，表即可，就要， 后面不能接時間狀語，但經常后面不能接時間狀語，但經常和和when 引導的狀語從句連用。引導的狀

12、語從句連用。The plane is about to take off.I was about to go out when he came in.時態(tài)語態(tài)綜合運用時態(tài)語態(tài)綜合運用二、短文填空：(1) We have an old musical instrument. It _ (call) a clavichord. It _ (make) in Germany in 1681. Our clavichord _ (keep) in the living room. It _ (belong) to our family for a long time. The instrument _

13、 (buy) by my grandfather many years ago. Recently it _ (damage) by a visitor. She _ (try) to play jazz on it! She _ (strike) the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken. My father _ (shock). Now we _ (not, allow) to touch it. It _ (repair) by a friend of my fathers.is calledwas madeis kepth

14、as belongedwas boughtwas damagedtriedstruckwas shockedare not allowedis being repaired(2) I_ (have) a letter from my sister yesterday. She lives in Nigeria. In her letter, she said that she _ (come) to England next year. If she _ (come), she _ (get) a surprise. We _ (now, live) in a beautiful new ho

15、use in the country. Work on it _ (begin) before my sister left. The house _ (complete) five months ago. In my letter, I _ (tell) her that she could stay with us. The house has many large rooms and there _ (be) a lovely garden. It is a very modern house, so it _ (look) strange to some people. It must

16、 be the only modern house in the district. hadwould comecomeswill getare now livinghad begunwas completedtold islooks過去式過去式 過去分詞過去分詞 雙寫雙寫+ed 常見的動詞常見的動詞. occur- occurred refer-referred step stepped stop-stopped slip-slipped spot spotted 認出認出 Skip-skipped scan scanned drag -draggedadmit admitted trap-

17、trapped 設陷阱設陷阱 tip-tipped給小給小費費/使傾斜使傾斜, 使翻倒使翻倒 wag-wagged搖擺搖擺, 搖動搖動beg- begged Zip-zipped拉鏈拉鏈 /拉開或拉上拉開或拉上 prefer-preferredCommit committed 犯（錯誤、罪）；做（壞事）犯（錯誤、罪）；做（壞事） 犯（法犯（法）Control controlled 控制控制, 支配支配, 操縱操縱, drop- dropped fit fitted 使適合使適合/適合適合, 符合符合 hug hugged緊抱，摟抱緊抱，摟抱 jog jogged 輕推輕推, (使使)蹣跚行進蹣

18、跚行進, (使使)慢跑慢跑mop mopped 用拖把拖洗用拖把拖洗 nod nodded tap-tapped敲打敲打注意注意1.My mother counted out to her a heavy bag of laundry which _ ( accumulate) over several weeks . 2.The tallest building in New York City is “ going green”. The Empire State Building _ ( open) in 1931 .容易用被動的幾個動詞容易用被動的幾個動詞 had accumulated opened堆積堆積 Vi.開業(yè)開業(yè)Vi.3. Sth Smell / look sound / taste + adj.This kind of food _ ( taste ) delicious , so many people are fond of it.tastes114.) hang hung hung 懸掛懸掛 hang hanged hanged 絞死絞死There were several expensive suits _ (hang) in the wardrobe hanging sb hang sth 某人懸