動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)

1、時(shí)態(tài)是高考單項(xiàng)填空必考的語法項(xiàng)目。時(shí)態(tài)是高考單項(xiàng)填空必考的語法項(xiàng)目。 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí) 進(jìn)行時(shí)進(jìn)行時(shí)時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)態(tài) 完成時(shí)態(tài)完成時(shí)態(tài) 將來時(shí)態(tài)將來時(shí)態(tài) 主要體現(xiàn)在主要體現(xiàn)在bebe的變化上，其形式與系動(dòng)詞的變化上，其形式與系動(dòng)詞bebe的變化形式完全的變化形式完全一樣。以一樣。以為例，列表如下：為例，列表如下： 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am / is / are + given am / is / are + given 一般過去時(shí)：一般過去時(shí)：was / were +given was / were +given 一般將來時(shí)：一般將來時(shí)：shall / will +be+

2、 given shall / will +be+ given 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am / is / are + being + givenam / is / are + being + given 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have / has + been + givenhave / has + been + given 過去完成時(shí)：過去完成時(shí)：had + been + given had + been + given 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：was / were + being + givenwas / were + being + given 過去將來時(shí)：過去將來時(shí)： should

3、/ would +be+ givenshould / would +be+ given 將來完成時(shí)：將來完成時(shí)：shall / will + have been + givenshall / will + have been + given 過去將來完成時(shí)：過去將來完成時(shí)：should / would + have been + should / would + have been + givengiven 1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) (do, does)2) His dog always barks at strangers.3) When his dog barks, he will kno

4、w that a stranger may come.4) The train leaves at seven tonight.（事實(shí)、真理）（事實(shí)、真理）（習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性）（習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性）（時(shí)間、條件狀從句）（時(shí)間、條件狀從句）（按規(guī)定、時(shí)間表）（按規(guī)定、時(shí)間表）典型考題典型考題1.Could you tell me if it in winter in Beijing. A. snowed B. snows C. snow D. will snow2. I need one more stamp before my collection _.A. has completed B. com

5、pletes C. has been completed D. is completedB D 在if 、unless等詞引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句條件狀語從句，when till/until 、as soon as 、the time等詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)間狀語從句，當(dāng)主句主句中的動(dòng)詞用一般一般將來時(shí)將來時(shí)，從句中的動(dòng)詞從句中的動(dòng)詞通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來時(shí)間。1.We will stay at home if it _ (rain) tomorrow.2.He will call up his parents as soon as he _ (reach) England.練習(xí)練習(xí)ra

6、insreaches2.一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí) （did）1) The monkey fell down from the tree just now.2) They danced for four years.（過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)）（過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)）（過去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作）（過去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作） 判斷正誤判斷正誤1、對(duì)不起，我沒看見你在這兒。、對(duì)不起，我沒看見你在這兒。Sorry, I dont see you here.Sorry, I didnt see you here.2、我忘了把你的傘帶來了。、我忘了把你的傘帶來了。I forget to bring y

7、our umbrella with me.I forgot to bring your umbrella with me.3. 進(jìn)行時(shí)進(jìn)行時(shí)1) Its snowing.2) He is always telling lies.3) They are leaving for school.a. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) （is/are/am + doing)go, come, leave 等用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)代替將來時(shí)等用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)代替將來時(shí)be always / often doing 表示說話人的態(tài)度表示說話人的態(tài)度b. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí) (was/ were + doing)1) She wa

8、s doing homework this time yesterday.2) He was doing his homework.過去在做，不知道有沒有完成過去在做，不知道有沒有完成4. 完成時(shí)態(tài)完成時(shí)態(tài)有時(shí)間標(biāo)志，有時(shí)間標(biāo)志， 從過去某個(gè)時(shí)間開始，一直到從過去某個(gè)時(shí)間開始，一直到現(xiàn)在，并對(duì)現(xiàn)在存在影響現(xiàn)在，并對(duì)現(xiàn)在存在影響since, for, before, in the past /last few years a. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(have/ has + done)b.過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí) （had done)1)When he was eight months old, he

9、 had learned to drink milk by himself.2)The boy had hoped to pass the exam.3) The lady had intended to hold the vase.had thought/hoped/intended/planned 表示表示原本打算，但沒能實(shí)現(xiàn)的原本打算，但沒能實(shí)現(xiàn)的C. 完成進(jìn)行時(shí)完成進(jìn)行時(shí) (has/have/had + been + doing)1) They have been doing the experiment all day long.2) He had been doing homewo

10、rk before he went to bed.強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某個(gè)時(shí)間開始，然后一直持續(xù)，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某個(gè)時(shí)間開始，然后一直持續(xù)，沒有中斷沒有中斷 一般將來時(shí)一般將來時(shí)（1）表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)）表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài) It is going to rain.（2）表示一種傾向和習(xí)慣動(dòng)作）表示一種傾向和習(xí)慣動(dòng)作 A lion will never attack an elephant. We will die without air and water.（3）常用進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來的動(dòng)作有）常用進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來的動(dòng)作有 come, go, leave, arrive 等，表示不易改變的動(dòng)作。等，表示不易改

11、變的動(dòng)作。 Spring is coming. She is leaving for the USA.4. 將來時(shí)態(tài)將來時(shí)態(tài)be to do 表按安排、計(jì)劃即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，還可表示吩表按安排、計(jì)劃即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，還可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、可能性等。咐、命令、禁止、可能性等。President Bush is to visit China next month.If you are to succeed, you must work hard.be about to do 表即可，就要，表即可，就要， 后面不能接時(shí)間狀語，但經(jīng)常后面不能接時(shí)間狀語，但經(jīng)常和和when 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句連用。引導(dǎo)的狀

12、語從句連用。The plane is about to take off.I was about to go out when he came in.時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)綜合運(yùn)用時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)綜合運(yùn)用二、短文填空：(1) We have an old musical instrument. It _ (call) a clavichord. It _ (make) in Germany in 1681. Our clavichord _ (keep) in the living room. It _ (belong) to our family for a long time. The instrument _

13、 (buy) by my grandfather many years ago. Recently it _ (damage) by a visitor. She _ (try) to play jazz on it! She _ (strike) the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken. My father _ (shock). Now we _ (not, allow) to touch it. It _ (repair) by a friend of my fathers.is calledwas madeis kepth

14、as belongedwas boughtwas damagedtriedstruckwas shockedare not allowedis being repaired(2) I_ (have) a letter from my sister yesterday. She lives in Nigeria. In her letter, she said that she _ (come) to England next year. If she _ (come), she _ (get) a surprise. We _ (now, live) in a beautiful new ho

15、use in the country. Work on it _ (begin) before my sister left. The house _ (complete) five months ago. In my letter, I _ (tell) her that she could stay with us. The house has many large rooms and there _ (be) a lovely garden. It is a very modern house, so it _ (look) strange to some people. It must

16、 be the only modern house in the district. hadwould comecomeswill getare now livinghad begunwas completedtold islooks過去式過去式 過去分詞過去分詞 雙寫雙寫+ed 常見的動(dòng)詞常見的動(dòng)詞. occur- occurred refer-referred step stepped stop-stopped slip-slipped spot spotted 認(rèn)出認(rèn)出 Skip-skipped scan scanned drag -draggedadmit admitted trap-

17、trapped 設(shè)陷阱設(shè)陷阱 tip-tipped給小給小費(fèi)費(fèi)/使傾斜使傾斜, 使翻倒使翻倒 wag-wagged搖擺搖擺, 搖動(dòng)搖動(dòng)beg- begged Zip-zipped拉鏈拉鏈 /拉開或拉上拉開或拉上 prefer-preferredCommit committed 犯（錯(cuò)誤、罪）；做（壞事）犯（錯(cuò)誤、罪）；做（壞事） 犯（法犯（法）Control controlled 控制控制, 支配支配, 操縱操縱, drop- dropped fit fitted 使適合使適合/適合適合, 符合符合 hug hugged緊抱，摟抱緊抱，摟抱 jog jogged 輕推輕推, (使使)蹣跚行進(jìn)蹣

18、跚行進(jìn), (使使)慢跑慢跑mop mopped 用拖把拖洗用拖把拖洗 nod nodded tap-tapped敲打敲打注意注意1.My mother counted out to her a heavy bag of laundry which _ ( accumulate) over several weeks . 2.The tallest building in New York City is “ going green”. The Empire State Building _ ( open) in 1931 .容易用被動(dòng)的幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞容易用被動(dòng)的幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞 had accumulated opened堆積堆積 Vi.開業(yè)開業(yè)Vi.3. Sth Smell / look sound / taste + adj.This kind of food _ ( taste ) delicious , so many people are fond of it.tastes114.) hang hung hung 懸掛懸掛 hang hanged hanged 絞死絞死There were several expensive suits _ (hang) in the wardrobe hanging sb hang sth 某人懸