轉(zhuǎn)初一上冊(cè)英語語法

1、.轉(zhuǎn) 初一上冊(cè)英語語法一.動(dòng)詞be(is,am,are)的用法：說明身份，年齡，狀態(tài)等。口訣：我(I)用am,你(you)用are，is跟著他(he)，她(she)，它(it)。單數(shù)名詞用is，復(fù)數(shù)名詞全用are。變否定，更容易，be后not加上去。變疑問，往前提，句末問號(hào)莫丟棄。還有一條須注意，句首大寫莫忘記。be動(dòng)詞的用法：be動(dòng)詞包括am,is,are三種形式。第一人稱單數(shù)(I)配合am來用。句型解析析：I am+I am astudent.I am aboy.第二人稱(You)配合are使用。句型解析：You are+You are my good friend.You are ago

2、od person.第三人稱單數(shù)(He or She or It)配合is使用。句型解析：She(He,It)is+She is agood girl.She is so cute.人稱復(fù)數(shù)(we/you/they)配合are使用。句型解析：We(You,They)are+We are in Class 5,Grade 7.You are good students.注意：1綜合解析當(dāng)使用be動(dòng)詞的時(shí)候，前面請(qǐng)先加上第幾人稱。be動(dòng)詞前面的人稱，是不可隨意替換的。例如：I am,You are,She is，并不會(huì)出現(xiàn)I is,You am,She are這樣的情形。2當(dāng)只有第一人稱和第二人稱

3、或第三人稱時(shí)應(yīng)該把第二人稱或第三人稱放在前例如：you and I,Tom and I當(dāng)?shù)诙朔Q和第三人稱放在一起時(shí)把第二人稱放在前面，例如：you and Tom當(dāng)三者都有時(shí)，排序?yàn)椋? 31例如you,Tom and I練習(xí)：1.Where _Ann.She _here.2.How old _you.I _thirteen.3._ you Mr Read.Yes,I _.4.What _your name.My name _Ann二情態(tài)動(dòng)詞Can 1can作能、會(huì)解，否定式是cannot，縮寫為cant。can+動(dòng)詞原形cant+動(dòng)詞原形：表示某人能做或不能做某事Can是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，沒有人稱

4、和數(shù)的變化。Can表示的能力為現(xiàn)在的能力，而不是過去或?qū)淼哪芰Α?).for ability表示能力。例如：-Can you write in English?-Yes,I can.I can run fast,can you?2).indicating acquired knowledge or skill表示獲得的知識(shí)或技能。例如：-Can she speak Japanese?-No,she cant.她會(huì)說日語嗎?不，她不會(huì)。3).indicating permission表示許可。例如：Can Iread your newspaper?我能看看你的報(bào)紙嗎?Can Itake you

5、 home?我送你回家行嗎?We cant wear jeans at work.我們上班時(shí)不準(zhǔn)穿牛仔褲。4).indicating requests表示要求。例如：Can you help me with this box?你能幫我弄這個(gè)箱子嗎?Can you feed the cat?你喂喂貓好嗎?5).indicating possibly表示可能性。例如：That cant be Mary-shes in hospital.那不可能是瑪麗-她住院了。He cant have slept through all that noise.那么吵他不可能睡得著覺。Theres someone

6、outside-who can it be?外面有人-會(huì)是誰呢?6).used to make suggestions用以提出建議。例如：We can eat in arestaurant,if you like.你愿意的話，咱們可以在飯館吃飯。I can take the car if necessary.必要時(shí)我可以開車去。三情態(tài)動(dòng)詞Would 1Would是will的過去式，可用于各人稱，表示過去時(shí)間的意志、愿望和決心等。如：I told peter that Iwould go along wit him.我告訴彼得我要跟他一塊去。2 would用來表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)間時(shí)時(shí)，不論是表達(dá)說話人本

7、身的意志或向?qū)Ψ教岢稣?qǐng)求，均較will婉轉(zhuǎn)。如：Would you like to have aglass of wine?你要喝杯酒嗎?Would you please tell me the way to the nearest bus-stop?注在日常會(huì)話中，I would like to和I should like to都可以說，I would like的簡(jiǎn)略式為Id like。如：yes,Id like to.Yes,Id love to Yes,very much.Sorry,ai already have an appointment.3 Would還可以表示過去習(xí)慣發(fā)生的動(dòng)作

8、I found that retired persons would often go to the park to play chess.我發(fā)現(xiàn)退休的人經(jīng)常到公園里下棋。When he had aproblem to solve，he would work at it until he found an answer.當(dāng)他有個(gè)問題要解決時(shí)，他總是想辦法一直到找到答案為止。練習(xí)：1-Can you speak Japanese?-No,I_.A.mustnt B.cant C.neednt D.may not 2The children_ play football on the road.A

9、.cant B.can C.mustnt D.must 3-Shall we go and visit the History Museum next Sunday?A.Here you are B.Sorry,I cant C.Yes,please D.Let me try 4Excuse me._ you please pass me that cup?A.Do B.Should C.Would D.Must 5_ you like to have another try?A.Could B.Will C.Would D.Do 6-Would you like to go boating

10、with us?-Yes,_.A.Id like B.I want C.Id like to D.I do四there be句型There be句型主要用以表達(dá)某處(某時(shí))有某人(某物)。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為There be+某物(某人)+某地(某時(shí))其中there是引導(dǎo)詞，沒有詞義；主語是be后面的名詞，be是謂語動(dòng)詞，在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中be只用is和are兩種形式。There be句型中的be動(dòng)詞如何確定呢?請(qǐng)先看看下面這首歌訣：Be動(dòng)詞，有三個(gè)，am，is還有are。There be真特別，不留am只留倆，那就是is還有are。要用is還是are，須看其后的名詞是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。若是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞用

11、is，否則就用are。如：There is atree behind the house.There is some water(水)in the bottle(瓶子).There are some pears in the box.(3)注意：如果be后的主語是由and連接的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的名詞，那么be的形式要遵循遠(yuǎn)親不如近鄰的原則。也就是說，be的形式是由與它最近的那個(gè)名詞來確定的。若那個(gè)名詞是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞要用is，是復(fù)數(shù)就用are。如：There is abook and some pens on the floor.There are some pens and abook on

12、 the floor.肯定句：there is an apple on the table否定句：there isnt an apple on the table.一般疑問句：Is there an apple on the table?回答：yes,there is./No,there isnt特殊疑問句：what is there on the table.1.定義：There be句型表示某處存在某物或某人。2.結(jié)構(gòu)：(1)There is+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞+地點(diǎn)狀語.(2)There are+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+地點(diǎn)狀語.there是引導(dǎo)詞，在句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，翻譯時(shí)也不必譯出。句子的

13、主語是某人或某物，謂語動(dòng)詞be要與主語(某人或某物)的數(shù)保持一致。當(dāng)主語是兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的名詞時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要與跟它最近的那個(gè)名詞一致。There is abird in the tree.樹上有一只鳥。There is ateacher and many students in our classroom.我們教室里有一位老師和許多學(xué)生。There are two boys and agirl under the tree.樹下有兩個(gè)男孩，一個(gè)女孩。3.There be句型與have的區(qū)別：(1)There be句型和have都表示有的含義。區(qū)別如下：There be表示某處存在某物或某人；h

14、ave表示某人擁有某物/某人，它表示所有、擁有關(guān)系。eg.He has two sons.他有兩個(gè)兒子。There are two men in the office.辦公室里有兩個(gè)男人。(2)當(dāng)have表示包括、存在的含義時(shí)，There be句型與其可互換。A week has seven days.=There are seven days in aweek.一個(gè)星期有七天。4變臉一：否定句There be句型的否定式的構(gòu)成和含有be動(dòng)詞的其它句型一樣，在be后加上not或no即可。注意not和no的不同：not是副詞，no為形容詞，not a/an/any+n.相當(dāng)于no+n.。例如：T

15、here are some pictures on the wall.There arent any pictures on the wall.=There are no pictures on the wall.There is abike behind the tree.There isnt abike behind the tree.=There is no bike behind the tree.5變臉二：一般疑問句There be句型的一般疑問句變化是把be動(dòng)詞調(diào)整到句首，再在句尾加上問號(hào)即可，此為調(diào)整法。但同時(shí)要注意：當(dāng)肯定句中有some時(shí)，要將其改為any(否定變化也一樣)?？?/p>

16、看下面兩句是如何改頭換面的吧：There is some water on Mars.Is there any water on Mars?There are some fish in the water.Are there any fish in the water?6變臉三：特殊疑問句There be句型的特殊疑問句形式有以下三種變化：對(duì)主語提問：當(dāng)主語是人時(shí)，用Whos+介詞短語?；當(dāng)主語是物時(shí)，用Whats+介詞短語?。注意：無論原句的主語是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，對(duì)之提問時(shí)一般都用be的單數(shù)形式(回答時(shí)卻要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況來決定)。如：There are many things over ther

17、e.Whats over there?There is alittle girl in the room.Who is in the room?對(duì)地點(diǎn)狀語提問：提問地點(diǎn)當(dāng)然用Where is/are+主語?啦！例如：There is acomputer on the desk.Where is the computer?There are four children on the playground.Where are the four children?對(duì)數(shù)量提問：一般有兩種句型結(jié)構(gòu)：How many+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+are there+介詞短語?How much+不可數(shù)名詞+is there+

18、介詞短語?練習(xí)：五have got六序數(shù)詞七一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：1)它表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。e.g.I go to school on foot.He is very busy now.2)表示主語的特征、性格、能力、愛好等。e.g.He can swim.I work hard.I like watching TV.3)表示客觀真理，表示格言或警句中e.g.There are seven days in aweek.The moon moves round the earth.一其結(jié)構(gòu)按正常語序，即主語+謂語+其它，有時(shí)為了起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用，時(shí)間狀語也可提前.二其句式變化可分為兩

19、種情況1)表示動(dòng)作，一般人稱作主語的，變否定句須在動(dòng)詞前加助動(dòng)詞dont；變一般疑問句須在句首加助動(dòng)詞do。They have lunch at 12：00.They dont have lunch at 12：00.Do they have lunch at 12：00?2)單三人稱做主語的，變否定句須在動(dòng)詞前加助動(dòng)詞doesnt；變一般疑問句須在句首加助動(dòng)詞does。Jenny speaks English very well.Jenny doesnt speak English very well.Does Jenny speak English very well?含有be動(dòng)詞的要在b

20、e上做變化.E.g.Danny is agood student.Danny isnt agood student.Is Danny agood student?三其時(shí)間狀語為often、usually、always、sometimes等頻率副詞，on Saturdays、in the morning(afternoon evening)、every day等。做題時(shí)常見錯(cuò)誤如下：一、be動(dòng)詞與行為動(dòng)詞同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在句子中例：We are plant(plant)the trees in spring.解析：學(xué)生往往會(huì)用漢語的思維方式去翻譯，就成了我們是在春天植樹。這是學(xué)習(xí)英語最忌諱的，要看語法是

21、不是正確，在英語中，be是表狀態(tài)，do是表動(dòng)作，兩種動(dòng)詞不能同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在句子中，可記住如下口訣：英漢語言有差異，be、do不能放一起，仔細(xì)琢磨細(xì)分析，語法千萬要牢記。二、單三人稱形式易出錯(cuò)例：1 He plaies(play)football very well.2 Danny gos(go)to school at 7：10.答案：1 plays 2goes解析：1以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞變單三人稱形式才能把y換成i再加es；2與名詞變復(fù)數(shù)不同，變單三人稱形式以o結(jié)尾的詞要加es.三、在句式變換時(shí)易出錯(cuò)例：1 Does Jenny has(has)a good friend?2 Brian d

22、oesnt lives(not live)in China.答案：1 Does have 2doesnt live解析：?jiǎn)稳朔Q做主語的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)做句式變化時(shí)，可記住如下口訣：見助動(dòng)，用原形。此口訣也可推廣用于一般過去時(shí)態(tài)中。e.g.He didnt go home yesterday.四、對(duì)do的理解易出錯(cuò)例：We dont(not do)our homework in the afternoon.答案：dont do解析：do是一個(gè)比較難理解的詞，它有三個(gè)含義：a)是所有行為動(dòng)詞的總稱；b)是助動(dòng)詞，無實(shí)義；c)是一個(gè)具體的行為動(dòng)詞做，干。此句中給出的do指做，干，not指把此句變?yōu)榉穸ň?/p>

23、，故須在do前加助動(dòng)詞dont。五、對(duì)主語的數(shù)判斷有誤例：Li Ming with me are(be)in Beijing.答案：is解析：表面一看是我和李明兩個(gè)人在北京，但with在此做伴隨狀語，不能做主語，故用is.另外，賓語從句中，從句部分若是表示客觀真理，不管主句是何時(shí)態(tài)，從句都要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中，主句表將來，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。練習(xí)：1 Jenny _in an office.Her parents _in ahospital.A work works Bworks work Cwork are working Dis working work 2One of

24、the boys_ ablack hat.A have Bthere is Cthere are Dhas 3We will go shopping if it_ tomorrow.A dont rain Bdidnt rain Cdoesnt rain Disnt rain 4He said the sun _in the east and _in the west.A rose；set Brises；sets Crises,set Drise；sets 5Wang Mei _music and often _to music.A like；listen Blikes；listens Cli

25、ke；are listening Dliking；listen 6Jenny_ English every evening.A has study Bstudies Cstudy Dstudied答案：1 B2D 3C 4B 5B 6B 1I can take Li Ming there when he _(come)to visit.2 _your sister_(know)English?3Her home_ _(遠(yuǎn)離)her school.4The pot_(not look)like yours very much.5 Where _you_(have)lunch every day?

26、6 Who_(想要)to go swimming?7 _she_(do)the housework every day?8 Jenny and Danny usually_(play)games in the afternoon.答案：1 comes 2Does know 3is away from 4doesnt look 5do have 6wants 7does do 8play補(bǔ)充知識(shí)點(diǎn)：一.this，that和it用法(1)this和that是指示代詞，it是人稱代詞。(2)距離說話人近的人或物用this,距離說話人遠(yuǎn)的人或物用that。如：This is aflower.這是一朵花

27、。(近處)That is atree.那是一棵樹。(遠(yuǎn)處)(3)放在一起的兩樣?xùn)|西，先說this,后說that。如：This is apen.That is apencil.這是一支鋼筆。那是一支鉛筆。(4)向別人介紹某人時(shí)說This is,不說That is。如：This is Helen.Helen,this is Tom.這是海倫，海倫，這是湯姆。(5)This is不能縮寫,而That is可以縮寫。如：This is abike.Thats acar.這是一輛自行車。那是一輛轎車。(6)打電話時(shí)，介紹自己用this,詢問對(duì)方用that。如：-Hello！Is that Miss Gr

28、een?喂，是格林小姐嗎?-Yes,this is.Whos that?是的，我是，你是誰?注意：雖然漢語中使用我和你，但英語中打電話時(shí)絕不可以說：I am,Are you?/Who are you?(7)在回答this或that作主語的疑問句時(shí),要用it代替this或that。如：-Is this anotebook?這是筆記本嗎?-Yes,it is.是的，它是。-Whats that?那是什么?-Its akite.是只風(fēng)箏。二.these和those用法this,that,these和those是指示代詞，these是this的復(fù)數(shù)形式,指時(shí)間,距離較近的或下面要提到的人或事；thos

29、e是that的復(fù)數(shù)形式,指時(shí)間、距離較遠(yuǎn)或前面已經(jīng)提到過的人或事物。This is my bed.That is Lilys bed.這是我的床。那是莉莉的床。These pictures are good.那些畫很好。Are those apple trees?那些是蘋果樹嗎?在回答主語是these或those的疑問句時(shí)，通常用they代替these或those以避免重復(fù)。Are these/those your apples?這些(那些)是你的蘋果嗎?Yes,they are.是的，他們是。三.不定冠詞a和an a和an都是不定冠詞，表示一(個(gè)，支，本，塊)的意思，但不強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量概念，而是強(qiáng)

30、調(diào)類別，用來限定名詞。a用在輔音素開頭的單數(shù)名詞前，如：a pencil(一支鉛筆)，a book(一本書)；an用在元音音素開頭的名詞前，如an eraser(一塊橡皮)。如果名詞前有修飾語，用a還是用an，則以該修飾語的第一音素決定用a還是用an。如：a clock一座鐘an old clock一座舊鐘a book一本書an English book一本英語書a nice apple一個(gè)可愛的蘋果an apple一個(gè)蘋果四.名詞+s所有格名詞+s所有格單數(shù)名詞后直接加sJims coat吉姆的外套Jeffs mother杰夫的媽媽以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，只加TeachersDay教師節(jié)the

31、twinsbooks雙胞胎的書不以s結(jié)尾的不規(guī)則的名詞復(fù)數(shù)，加sChildrens Day兒童節(jié)mens shoes男式鞋表示兩者共同擁有時(shí)，只在最后一個(gè)名詞后加s表示兩者各自擁有時(shí)，要在每個(gè)名詞后加s Lucy and Lilys mother露茜和莉莉的媽媽(共同的媽媽，一個(gè)媽媽)Lucys and Kates rooms露茜和凱特的房間(各自的房間，兩間房子)五.like一詞的用法like用作及物動(dòng)詞，譯為喜歡。(1)后接名詞或代詞，表示喜歡某人或某物。如：I like the baby very much.我非常喜歡這個(gè)小孩。(2)后接動(dòng)名詞(v.-ing)，表示喜歡做某事，著重于習(xí)慣

32、、愛好。如：Tom likes playing football.湯姆喜歡踢足球。(3)后接動(dòng)詞不定式(to do)，表示偶爾地喜歡做某事，著重于某次具體的行為。如：I like reading,but Ilike to watch TV this evening.我喜歡讀書，但我今晚想看電視。六.句子單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)，注意以下五要素(1)主格人稱代詞要變成相應(yīng)的復(fù)數(shù)主格人稱代詞,即Iwe,youyou，she,he,itthey。She is agirl.They are girls.(2)am，is要變?yōu)閍re。如：Im astudent.We are students.(3)不定冠詞a，an要

33、去掉。如：He is aboy.They are boys.(4)普通單數(shù)名詞要變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式。如：It is an apple.They are apples.(5)指示代詞this，that要變?yōu)閠hese，those。如：This is abox.These are boxes.七.英語日期的表示法英語中月份和星期名稱都是專有名詞，它們的首字母必須大寫，并且前面無需用冠詞。用英語表示日期，其順序?yàn)樵?日+年，日和年之間需用逗號(hào)隔開。如：August 2nd，2003(2003年8月2日)。也可以用日+月+年來表示。如：10th May，2003(2003年5月10日)英語日期前介詞的使用：

34、若指在哪一年或哪一月，則用介詞in，若具體到某一天，則需用介詞on。She was born in 1989She was born in August.She was born in August 1989.She was born on 2nd August,1989.八.時(shí)間的表達(dá)法(1)直讀式，即直接讀出時(shí)間數(shù)字7：05 seven five 8：16 eight sixteen(2)過、差式，即幾點(diǎn)差幾分，幾點(diǎn)過幾分。(以30分為分界線)1：25 twenty-five past one 2：30 half past two 3：43 seventeen to four 4：38 t

35、wenty-two to five(3)12小時(shí)制6：00 a.m.上午6點(diǎn)8：20 p.m.下午8點(diǎn)20分(4)24小時(shí)制13：00 13點(diǎn)鐘22：15 22點(diǎn)15分(5)15分可用quarter 4：15 aquarter past four 5：45 aquarter to six(6)時(shí)間前通常用at.at 5oclock at 7：30 p.m.九關(guān)于時(shí)間的問法(1)以when提問,什么時(shí)候可以是較長的時(shí)間段，也可以是較短的時(shí)間點(diǎn)When is your birthday?你的生日是什么時(shí)候?My birthday is Dec.29th.我的生日是12月29日。這里就是指一天的時(shí)間段When do you go home?你幾點(diǎn)回家?I go home at 4：30 p.m.我下午4：30回家.這里when問的是具體的時(shí)間。(2)具體幾點(diǎn)我們通常用what time提問What time is it now?現(xiàn)在幾點(diǎn)了?or Whats the time?幾點(diǎn)了?Its 9：26.現(xiàn)在九點(diǎn)二十六。What time