高中英語閱讀理解3-事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題（說明文記敘文）

1、 中小學(xué)個(gè)性化教育專家精銳教育學(xué)科教師輔導(dǎo)講義講義編號(hào)_ 學(xué)員編號(hào)： 年 級(jí)：高三 課時(shí)數(shù)及課時(shí)進(jìn)度：3（ / ）學(xué)員姓名： 輔導(dǎo)科目：英語 學(xué)科教師： 學(xué)科組長/帶頭人簽名及日期課 題閱讀理解（說明文記敘文）技巧突破之事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題授課時(shí)間：2011年 月 日備課時(shí)間：2011年 月 日教學(xué)目標(biāo)掌握閱讀理解之事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題得解題技巧重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)細(xì)節(jié)題的解題技巧考點(diǎn)及考試要求說明文、記敘文中的事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題教學(xué)內(nèi)容 Step 1: Reviewing!1、檢查并講解作業(yè)；2、復(fù)習(xí)上次課內(nèi)容；Step 2：閱讀理解技巧突破之事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題概述所謂細(xì)節(jié)題，是指原文提到了某事物、現(xiàn)象或理論，題干針對(duì)原文具體敘述本身發(fā)

2、問。一般包括直接理解題（在原文中可直接找到答案。常用who, what, when, where, why和how等提問或用與此相類似的詞填空。說明文和敘述文的思考題有相當(dāng)于部分是此類題）及語義轉(zhuǎn)化題（需要將題目信息與原文相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行語義上的轉(zhuǎn)換，兩者存在表達(dá)上的差異，有時(shí)需要進(jìn)行加工或整理后方能得出結(jié)論。）抓住文段中的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)是做好該題型的關(guān)鍵，也是做好其它類型問題的基礎(chǔ)。這類題型的題干常為：1) When/Where did the story happen?2) Which of the following statements is (not) correct?3) Which of

3、 the following statements is (not) mentioned in the passage?4) Which is the right order of the events given in the passage?5) All the statements are true except.該題型幾乎都可以在文章中直接找到與答案有關(guān)的信息，或是其變體。所以，搜查信息在閱讀中非常重要，它包括理解作者在敘述某事時(shí)使用的具體事實(shí)、數(shù)據(jù)、圖表等細(xì)節(jié)信息。在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都屬于這類圍繞主體展開的細(xì)節(jié)。做這類題一般采用尋讀法，即先讀題，然后帶著問題快速閱讀短文，找出與問

4、題有關(guān)的詞語或句子，再對(duì)相關(guān)部分進(jìn)行分析對(duì)比，找出答案。弄清細(xì)節(jié)、準(zhǔn)確獲取信息，也是把握文章中心思想的前提。細(xì)節(jié)專題一：排序題此類試題的考查形式是在選項(xiàng)中列舉一些具體的事實(shí)，然后對(duì)上面的事實(shí)進(jìn)行排序。要求考生根據(jù)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后順序、時(shí)間順序以及句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，找出事件發(fā)生、發(fā)展的正確順序?？忌梢韵日页鲎钤绲囊粋€(gè)時(shí)間和事件，把它作為事件發(fā)生的具體點(diǎn)，然后使用排除法將范圍一一縮小，從而快速地選出正確答案。例1：In the 19th century England people liked to go to the seaside. In those days, ladies wore lo

5、ng bathing dresses, and men wore bathing suits. Women did not walk about on the beach(沙灘)in their bathing dresses. They hired a bathing machine. A bathing machine was used for changing in, and for taking the bather down to the sea. It cost 2 pence(便士) to hire a machine and an attendant(侍者). When she

6、 had paid, the bather climbed up the back steps and got into the bathing machine . Then she changed into her bathing dress. When she had changed, the machine was pulled down to the sea. The bathing machine stopped in the water and the bather went down the front steps into the   water. If s

7、he did not want to get into the sea, the attendant pulled her in.（1996NMET）In 19th century  people who used the bathing machine usually did the following things.  Which is the right order for doing them? a. Changing into bathing clothes b. Getting out of the bathing machinec. Paying 2 penc

8、e d. Getting into the bathing machinee. Being taken down the beach f. Getting into the waterA. e, d, a, b, f, c B. c, d, a, e, b, f C. c, d, e, a, b, f D. d, a, e, b, f, c細(xì)節(jié)專題二：計(jì)算題計(jì)算題也是近幾年高考中?？嫉膬?nèi)容，此類試題是在文章中直接表現(xiàn)出來細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)，有的要經(jīng)過具體的計(jì)算才能夠得出正確的答案。具體的計(jì)算題可以是對(duì)年代的計(jì)算、月份的計(jì)算或比例的計(jì)算等。文章中經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)許多數(shù)字，它們對(duì)解題產(chǎn)生一定的影響。解答此類試題的

9、方法是先來理解文章的大意，然后經(jīng)過對(duì)比、分析、計(jì)算等就能夠得出正確的答案了。例2：Degree We offer a wide choice of bachelors degrees (學(xué)位) for international students, which includes: Arts, Communication Studies, Social Sciences, etc. Bachelor of Music and Bachelor of Education are only for New Zealand citizens, for further information: degw

10、aikato.ac.nz. Tuition Fees(學(xué)費(fèi))Tuition fees are different from department to department, generally from $5,000 to $6,000 a year. For further information: tuiwaikato.ac.nz. Accommodation(住宿)You can have a room in a 4-bedroom flat, which will cost about $100 a month with other regular living costs of a

11、bout $150 a month for one person. For further information: accwaikato. ac.nzHealthThe Student Health Service provides excellent medical services for students. The Medical Centre is open five days a week, including student holidays with four doctor's and nurses to meet your medical needs. For fur

12、ther information: healwaikato.ac.nz. SportsThe Centre is a great place to have sports activities. Trained exercise teachers can help you work out a training plan and keep you active. The sports hall has volleyball, basketball and indoor football courts and a swimming pool as well. There are also a l

13、arge number of sports clubs at Waikato. For further information: sport waikato.ac.nz（2005安徽卷）You have to pay at least _ a year if you study at the University of Waikato.A. $5,250 B. $8,000 C. $9,000 D. $11,000細(xì)節(jié)專題三：圖形題在有圖形試題的閱讀理解中，有的圖形出現(xiàn)在閱讀理解文章中，有的出現(xiàn)在選項(xiàng)中，這些圖片的出現(xiàn)增加了試題的直觀性，同時(shí)也暗含著和文章內(nèi)容相關(guān)的信息。在解答此類試題的時(shí)候，

14、一定要把握?qǐng)D形中所暗含的信息，特別是有些事實(shí)是通過圖片來敘述的，我們可以采用按圖尋找正確答案的方法。例3：The Channel Islands are a group of British-owned islands lying in the English Channel(海峽), 10 to 30 miles off the French coast, and 70 to 90 miles from the English coast. There are ten islands with a total land area of 75 square miles and a total

15、population of 123,000. The three largest islands, Jersey, Guernsey, and Alderney, have long been known for the fine breeds(品種)of cattle that are raised on them and named after them. In earliest known history the islands were considered part of Normandy, which was part of France, but the ruler of Nor

16、mandy became king of England in 1066, and from then on the islands were looked upon as British land. English control was unbroken until World War II, when the Germans held the islands for five years. Although people on the islands speak both languages and they are considered English, their customs a

17、re more French than English.（2000年北京春季）Which of the following maps gives the right position of the Channel Islands? Br = Britain Fr = France Ch = Channel Islands 細(xì)節(jié)專題四：其它類型例4：Tristan da Cunha, a 38-square-mile island, is the farthest inhabited island in the world, according to the Guinness Book of R

18、ecords. It is 1,510miles southwest of its nearest neighbor, St. Helena, and 1,950miles west of Africa. Discovered by the Portuguese admiral（葡萄牙海軍上將）of the same name in 1506, and settled in 1810, the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred.Coming in a close second - and

19、often wrongly mentioned as the most distant land is Easter Island, which lies 1,260 miles east of its nearest neighbor, Pitcairn Island, and 2,300 miles west of South America.The mountainous 64-square-mile island was settled around the 5th century, supposedly by people who were lost at sea. They had

20、 no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years, giving them plenty of time to build more than 1,000 huge stone figures, called moai, for which the island is most famous.On Easter Sunday, 1772, however, settlers from Holland moved in and gave the island its name. Today, 2,000 pe

21、ople live on the Chilean territory （智利領(lǐng)土）. They share on street, a small airport, and a few hours of television per day.（2003年全國）It can be learned from the text that the island of Tristan da Cunha _.Awas named after its discovererBgot its name from Holland settlersCwas named by the British governmen

22、tDgot its name from the Guinness Book of RecordsWhich of the following is most famous for moai?ATristan da Cunha. BPitcairn Island. C. Easter Island.DSt. Helena.Which country does Easter Island belong to?ABritain.BHolland.CPortugal.DChile.例5：When she looked ahead. Florence Chadwick saw nothing but a

23、 solid wall of fog. Her body was numb. She had been swimming for nearly sixteen hours. Already she was the first woman to swim the English Channel in both directions. Now at the age of 34, her goal was to become the first woman to swim from Catalina to the California coast. On that fourth of July mo

24、rning 1952, the sea was like an ice bath and the fog was so dense. She could hardly see her support boats. Sharks cruised toward her figure, only to be driven away by rifle shots. Against the frigid grip of the sea, she struggled on, hour after hour, while millions watched on national television. Al

25、ongside Florence in one of the boats, her mother and here trainer offered encouragement. They told her it wasnt much farther. But all she could see was fog. They urged her not to quit. She never had until then. With only a half mile to go, she asked to be pulled out. What does “she never had”in the

26、third paragraph mean?A. She had never been so desperate. B. She had never thought of giving it up. C. She had never seen such thick fog. D. She had never swum across the strait before. 例6：Decision-thinking is not unlike poker- it often matters not only what you think , but also what others think you

27、 think and what you think they think you think . The mental process（過程） is similar . Naturally , this card game has often been of considerable interest to people who are , by any standards , good thinkers .The great mathematician John von Neumann was one of the founders of game theory . In particula

28、r , he showed that all games fall into two classes ; there are what he called games of perfect information, games like chess where the players can't hide anything or play tricks ; they don't win by chance , but by means of logic and skills . Then there are games of imperfect information, lik

29、e poker, in which it is impossible to know in advance that one course of action is better than another.One mistaken idea about business is that it can be treated as a game of perfect information. Quite the reverse, business, politics, life itself are games which we must normally play with very imper

30、fect information. Business decisions are often made with many unknown and unknowable factors（因素）, which would ever puzzle best poker players . But few business people find it comfortable to admit that they are taking a chance , and many still prefer to believe that they are playing chess , not poker

31、.An important factor in a game of imperfect information is _. A. rules B. luck C. time D. ideasStep 3: 說明文和記敘文的細(xì)節(jié)題：文體 說明文生活與商業(yè)類主題果的暢銷題號(hào)60616263考點(diǎn)類型細(xì)節(jié)題細(xì)節(jié)題單詞詞義理解邏輯推理解題技巧第二段文中有答案第三段文中可找到答案FIX有“固定”之意聯(lián)系上文，可推fixture指該水果每次都能在市場看見根據(jù)最后一段進(jìn)行推理可得難度A來源2008年高考統(tǒng)一招生全國卷 第60-63題Passage OneMore than 10 years ago, it w

32、as difficult to buy a tasty pineapple. The fruits that made it to the UK were green on the outside and, more often than not, hard with an unpleasant taste within. Then in 1996, the Del Monte Gold pineapple produced in Hawaii first hit our shelves.The new type of pinepple looked more yellowy-gold tha

33、n green. It was slightly softer on the Outside and had a lot of juice inside. But the most important thing about this new type of pineapple was that it was twice as sweet as the hit-and miss pineapples we had known. In no time,the Del Monte Gold took the market by storm, rapidly becoming the worlds

34、best-selling pineapple variety,and delivering natural levels of sweetness in the mouth,up until then only found in tinned pineapple.In nutrition (營養(yǎng)) it was all good news too.This nice-tasting pineapple contained four times more vitamin C(維生素C)than the old green variety.Nutrionists said that it was

35、not only full of vitamins,but also good against some diseases.People were understandably eager to be able to buy this wonderful fruit. The new type of pineapple was selling fast, and the Del Monte Gold pineapple rapidly became a fixture in the shopping badket of the healthy eater.Seeing the growing

36、market for its winning pineapple,Del Monte tried to keep the market to itself.But other fruit companies developed similar pineapples,Del Monte turned to law for help,but failed .Those companies argued argued successfully that Del Montes attempts to keep the golden pineapple for itself were just a wa

37、y to knock them out of the market.1.We learn from the text that the new type of pineapple is _.A. green outside and sweet insideB. good-looking outside and soft insideC. yellowy-gold outside and hard insideD. a little soft outside and sweet inside2.Why was the new type of pineapple selling well?A. I

38、t was rich in nutrition and tasted nice.B. It was less sweet and good for health.C. It was developed by Del Monte.D. It was used as medicine.文體 說明文體育健康類主題介紹攀巖運(yùn)動(dòng)題號(hào)64656667考點(diǎn)類型判斷推理細(xì)節(jié)題詞義推斷判斷推理解題技巧從短文的第一段的第一句話和最后一段的第一句話可看出。第二段倒數(shù)第三行根據(jù)下一句的解釋：在進(jìn)行攀巖時(shí)身體的這個(gè)部位得到全面鍛煉。全文描寫攀巖的地點(diǎn)、注意事項(xiàng)、好處等，可知作者寫作目的是向人們介紹攀巖這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)難度A來源

39、2008年高考統(tǒng)一招生英語試題（安徽卷） 第64-67題Passage TwoPeople believes that climbing can do good to health. Where can you learn the skill of climbing then? If you think that you have to go to the mountains to learn how to climb, youre wrong. Many Americans are learning to climb in city gyms(體育館). Here, people are l

40、earning on climbing. The climbing wall goes straight up and small holding places for hands and feet. How do people climb the wall? To climb, you need special shoes and (保護(hù)帶) around your chest to hold you. There are ropes(繩索)tied to your. The ropes hold you in place so that you dont fall. A beginners

41、 wall is usually about 15 feet high, and you climb straight up. There are small pieces of metal that stick out for you to stand on and hold on to. Sometimes its easy to see the new piece of metal. Sometimes, its not. The most difficult is an your fear. Its normal for humans to be afraid of falling,

42、so its difficult not to feel fear. But when you move away from the wall, the and the ropes hold you, and you begin to feel safe. You move slowly until you reach the top. Climbing attracts people because its good exercise for almost everyone. You use your whole body, especially your arms and legs. Th

43、is sport gives your body a complete workout. When you climb, both your mind and your body can become stronger.3. The most difficult thing to do in wall climbing is _. A. to tie ropes to your B. to control your fear C. to move away from the wall D. to climb straight up文體 說明文商業(yè)與廣告類主題如何使用各種銀行卡題號(hào)6465666

44、7考點(diǎn)類型細(xì)節(jié)題細(xì)節(jié)題細(xì)節(jié)題主旨概括解題技巧從第三段最后一句和第五段第二句可知。第三部分第二段的up to 4。根據(jù)and enjoy up to 56 days interest-free credit.一句可知。閱讀全文可知整篇文章都是講各種card的使用難度A來源2008年高考統(tǒng)一招生英語試題（福建卷） 第64-67題Passage ThreeWe have designed all our bank cards to make your life easier.How to use your NatWest ServicecardAs a Switch card, it lets yo

45、u pay for all sports of goods and services, whenever you see the Switch logo. The money comes straight out of your account, so you can spend as much as you like as long as you have enough money (or an agreed overdraft(透支) )to cover it. It is also a cheque guarantee(擔(dān)保) card for up to the amount show

46、n on the card. And it gives you free access to your money from over 31,000 cash machines across the UK.How to use your NatWest CashcardYou can use your Cashcard as a Solo card to pay for goods and services wherever you see the Solo logo. It can also give you access to your account and your cash from

47、 over 31,000 cash machines nationwide. You can spend or withdraw(提取) what you have in your account, or as much as your agreed overdraft limit.Using your card abroadYou can also use your Servicecard and Cashcard when youre abroad. You can withdraw cash at cash machines and pay for goods and services

48、wherever you see the Cirrus or Maestro logo displayed. We take a commission charge(手續(xù)費(fèi)) of 2.25% of each cash withdrawal you make (up to 4) and a commission charge of 75 pence every time you use Maestro to pay for goods or services. We also apply a foreign-exchange transaction fee of 2.62%.How to us

49、e your NatWest Credit CardWith your credit card you can do the following: Pay for goods and services and enjoy up to 56 days interest-free credit.Pay in over 24 million shops worldwide that display the Mastercard or Visa logo.Collect one AIR MILE for every 20 of spending that appears on your stateme

50、nt(結(jié)算單).(This does not include foreign currency or travelers cheques bought, interest and other charges.)4. If you carry the Servicecard or the Cashcard, _.A. you can use it to guarantee things as you wishB. you can draw your money from cash machines convenientlyC. you can spend as much money as you

51、 like without a limitD. you have to pay some extra money when you pay for services in the UK5. If you withdraw 200 from a cash machine abroad, you will be charged _.A. 4 B. 4.5 C. 5.25 D. 5.36. Which of the following is TRUE about using your NatWest Credit Card?A. You have to pay back with interest

52、within 56 days. B. You will be charged some interest beyond two months.C. You can use the card in any shop across the world.D. You will gain one air mile if you spend 20 on travellers cheques.文體 說明文法律法規(guī)類主題知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)題號(hào)68697071考點(diǎn)類型細(xì)節(jié)理解題推理判斷句子含義理解主旨概括解題技巧從第一段最后一句可得知。從第二段最后兩句可得知從第二段最后兩句可得知A、C項(xiàng)都不全面，B 項(xiàng)不是主要內(nèi)容，D

53、 項(xiàng)最能概括難度A來源2008年高考統(tǒng)一招生英語試題（江西卷） 第68-71題Passage FourIntellectual property (IP) is a product of the mind that has commercial value. The concept dates back to 1623 when the first patent law to protect IP sights was passed. IP rights protect the artist from having his/her creative ideas copied by anothe

54、r. For example, if somebody generated an idea for a novel, that idea is protected by IP rights. If someone else wishes to represent the idea or develop it further, he/ she must consult the original artists, who will normally be rewarded financially for its use. Back in the 17th century, IP rights we

55、re primarily carried out to protect newly developed manufacturing processes against stealing. But today, intellectual property rights, are also enjoyed by those who creative music, art and literature.In recent years, IP rights have been the focus of a great deal of discussion because of a technology

56、 which looks set to weaken them altogether; the Internet. Many years ago, if you wanted a recording of a song, you would have to purchase it from a music store; if a novel, form a book store. In those days, IP rights were easily protected since it was very difficult to obtain intellectual property without paying for it. However, a lot of IP, including songs, films, books and artwork, can be downloaded today free of charge using the Internet. This pract