The mirror stage as formative of the function of the I as revealed in psychoanalytic experience

1、The mirror stage as formative of the function of the I as revealed in psychoanalytic experienceJacques Lacan黃院丹Jacques Lacan (1901-1981) “the most important psychoanalytical theorist since Freud”yearly seminars in Paris from 1953 to 1981 (Ecrits)His ideas had a significant impact on critical theory,

2、 literary theory, 20th-century French philosophy, sociology, feminist theory, film theory and clinical psychoanalysisReturn to Freud a renewed attention to the original texts of Freud, including a radical critique of Ego psychology unconscious (the ego) as the true subject of psychoanalysis and disc

3、ourse the ego not fully self-aware of in control of itself the egos perception of itself and the world is shaped, in part, by desires and fears arising from the id id and from the injunctions imposed by the super-ego super-egohow the ego becomes dividedRetort against Descartes (cogito: I think there

4、fore I am) unified subject , governed by reason any self-knowledge is to some degree an illusion Borrowing from Saussure structural linguistics the unconscious structured like a language language between the unconscious and consciousThe Mirror Stage basis: recognition of the reflected image ? the ro

5、le of the image in the development of the psyche Chimpanzee infant (explore) sense of being in the worldimage of her physical self establishes itself in her psycheThe Mirror Stage 6-18 monthsnot only a passing phase of human psychological developmenta model (I its image of itself) this dynamic relat

6、ionship remains a perpetual force in subjects psychic lifeThe Mirror Stage a libidinal relatiosnhipthe psyche invests libido in the image of itselfhaving an image of onself is part of human realitynarcissistican ontological structure of the human worldwe are always someone else in so far as the imag

7、e is perceived as separate from us identificationhis own existence image in the mirrorsense of self / I jubilent assuption of the imagephysical helpessness,( incomplete, fragmented)a whole body (a singular, complete entity)VStransformeda representation of himselfa goal to which he strivesIdeal-I, Ge

8、stalt, and the alienated I a complete body, wholeness (libidinal) accurate representation. But,.,eg. reversed (左右相反的) its different the Ideal-I never fully conform to the actual subject primary identificationprimary identification: an identification with the other set off in a fictional direction th

9、e I set up internally disunited, permanently imcompleteImago Allusion to Judeo-Christian theology man made in the image of God in the imago Dei Augustine:man must strive to restore the divine image in themselves primary identification: incorrespondence between the image and the subject exemplary fun

10、ction of the mirror stagego on to elaboorate a complex self-image based on his relation with other people, on conventions of language-secondary identifications (libido)(libido)throughout life, the image we hold of ourselves actual selffundationfundationa image of oneselfa goal to which he strives po

11、tentialities of the I established in the psyche different, -unattainability-adulthood, limiting self-concepts, anxieties, jection into history fictional direction- stories existence as an eventful progression through time forming a link between the inner world and the outworld lay

12、s the groundwork for the cultural formation of identity, into the symbolic orderthe end of mirror stage? understand it not in its status as a phasse of psychic development but as a structural element of psychic life relationship between the infant and the ideal-I childre social relations, its self-i

13、mage as a social being eg. transitivism 互易感覺dependence on other we depend upon others for stability and coherence we are who we are only in relation to other peopleImplication：paranoiac knowledge 被害妄想 mirror stage：relationship (subject, the image/the Ideal-I) diffirence: I am the other all paranoiac

14、: we are haunted by the sense of an other who influences our thoughts and actions physical insufficiency: huanted by physical vulnerability and mortalityimplication fictional I serves as a kind of orthopaedic brace holds the unruly, fragmenting drives into an organic whole defend against the impulse

15、s arising from these drives, id ongoing operation of id: painting implication for literary criticisma connection between artistic production and dream-statesdream: images of fortresses or enclosure that divide the landscape into interior and exterior spacesadventures of the dreamer,-dynamic relation

16、ship between the ego and idimages common in the speech of patients implication for literary criticism these symbols as manifestation of the basic organization of human beings, human system of signification literary text represents a particcular organization of signs in relation to fundamental structures of psychic lifepractical implication use this