英語八大時(shí)態(tài)用法詳解

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上英語八大時(shí)態(tài)用法詳解一一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1. 概念：表示經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。2. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：（1）主語+ be動(dòng)詞（is / am / are）+表語（2）主語+ 行為動(dòng)詞的原形或單數(shù)第三人稱形式+其他（3）There be 句型：There is / are +n. +介詞短語 is / are 根據(jù)n. 的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。否定形式：（1）am / is /are + not；（2）謂語動(dòng)詞若為行為動(dòng)詞，則在其前加dont，如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用doesnt，同時(shí)行為動(dòng)詞還原為原形。 （3）There is / are not +n. +介詞短語一般

2、疑問句：（1）把is / am / are動(dòng)詞放于句首；（2）用助動(dòng)詞do提問，如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用does，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞；（3）There is / are +n. +介詞短語: is / are動(dòng)詞放于句首。3.標(biāo)志性時(shí)間狀語：（1）on + 星期s = every 星期（2）once / twice/ three times a week (month / year )（3）頻度副詞always / usually / often / sometimes=at times= (every)once in a while / seldom / never（不絕對(duì)）（4）in th

3、e mornings / afternoons / evenings = every morning / afternoon/ evening4.用法：（1）表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語連用。如：I leave home for school at 7 every morning.（2）表示客觀真理，客觀存在或科學(xué)事實(shí)。如：The earth moves around the sun.（3）表示格言或警句。如：Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必?cái)?。注意：此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中，即使主句是過去時(shí)，從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：Columbus pr

4、oved that the earth is round.（4）表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個(gè)性等。如：I dont want so much. Ann writes good English but does not speak well.（5）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來含義 come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可以表示將來，主要用來表示在時(shí)間上已確定或安排好的事情。如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. When does the bus star? It stars in ten

5、 minutes. 在時(shí)間或條件狀語句中。如：When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me.Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there.二一般過去時(shí)1. 概念：表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作或行為。2. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：（1）主語+ was / were +表語（2）主語+ 行為動(dòng)詞的過去式 +其他（3）There be 句型:There was / were +n. +介詞短語 （4）主語+could+動(dòng)詞原形（5）主語+used to do sth否定形式：（1）

6、was / were + not；（2）在行為動(dòng)詞前加didnt，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。（3）There was / were not +n. +介詞短語 （4）主語+could not +動(dòng)詞原形（5）主語+used not to do sth或主語+didnt use to do sth 一般疑問句：（1）was或were放于句首；（2）用助動(dòng)詞do的過去式did 提問，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞；（3）There was / were +n. +介詞短語:was或were放于句首；（4）could放于句首；（5）Used主語+ to do sth或Did+主語+use to do sth 3.時(shí)間狀語

7、：（1）last 短語（2）時(shí)間段+ago （3）yesterday及yesterday短語（4）at the age of = when sb. was+年齡（5）in ones teens / twenties （6）固定短語：just now=a moment ago, one day, from then on, at that time, the day before yesterday, before, long before, in the past , in the / early old days, in the ancient days, in the ancient +

8、國(guó)家，long long ago = once upon a time (故事的開頭）4. 用法：（1）在確定的過去時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。如：Where did you go just now?（2）表示在過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。如：When I was a child, I often played football in the street.注意：used to do sth“過去常常做某事”，表示過去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，但如今已不存在。如：Mother used not to be so forgetful. 媽媽過去沒這么健忘。（3）用于時(shí)間狀語從句 a. 由

9、when 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，從句用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，主句用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。如：His mother was cooking when he came back.b. 由since/before 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，從句用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。如：I have made many friends since I came to China.It has been/is 15 years since I was a teacher.It has been/is 15 years before he knew it. 不知不覺15 年過去了。c. 由when / by the time/ b

10、efore引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，從句用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，主句用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)。如：The plane had taken off when / by the time we arrived at the airport. The Enlish class had begun before I got to school.三現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1. 概念：表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作及行為。2. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語 + am / is /are + doing否定形式：主語 + am / is / are + not + doing一般疑問句：把be動(dòng)詞放于句首。3. 時(shí)間狀語：（1） now （2）at thi

11、s time = at this / the moment （3）Look!/Look at !（4）Listen! / Listen to !（5）these days / months / years（6）It is+ 時(shí)間點(diǎn)/日期/星期4. 用法：（1）表示現(xiàn)在（指說話人說話時(shí)）正在發(fā)生的事情。 如：We are waiting for you.（2）表示長(zhǎng)期的或重復(fù)性的動(dòng)作，說話時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行。 如：Mr Green is writing another novel. (說話時(shí)并不一定在寫小說)（3）表示動(dòng)作的漸變，這樣的動(dòng)詞有：get, grow, become, turn, r

12、un, go, begin等。 如：The leaves are turning red. Its getting warmer and warmer.（4）與always, constantly, forever 等詞連用，表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。 如：You are always changing your mind. 你老是改變主意。（5）用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來下列動(dòng)詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等瞬間動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示將來。如：Im leaving tomorrow.四過去進(jìn)行時(shí)1.

13、 概念：表示過去某段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動(dòng)作。如：My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.2. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語 + was / were + doing否定形式：主語 + was / were + not + doing一般疑問句：把was或were放于句首。3. 時(shí)間狀語：（1）at that time（2）at this time+過去的時(shí)間（3）It was+ 時(shí)間點(diǎn)/ 日期/ 星期(過去)（4）from A時(shí)間 to B時(shí)間+過去的時(shí)間4. 用法：（1）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去某段時(shí)間內(nèi)

14、持續(xù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或者事情。 如：We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.（2）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)發(fā)生的事情。時(shí)間點(diǎn)可以用介詞短語、副詞或從句來表示。如：What was she doing at nine oclock yesterday? (介詞短語表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)) She was doing her homework then. （副詞表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)） When I saw him he was decorating his room. (when從句表示時(shí)間點(diǎn))（3）在復(fù)合句中，如果主要?jiǎng)幼骱捅尘皠?dòng)作都是延續(xù)的或同時(shí)發(fā)生的

15、，那么主從句的動(dòng)詞都可用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。如：When he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper. (兩個(gè)動(dòng)作都是延續(xù)的)He was cleaning his car while I was cooking. （兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行或主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句的動(dòng)作過程中）五一般將來時(shí)1. 概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。2. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：（1）主語 + am / is / are / going to do sth（2）主語 + will do sth（3）主語 + am / is /are t to do s

16、th （4）主語 + am / is /are about to do sth 否定形式：（1）主語 + am / is /are + not + going to do sth（2）主語 + will not（wont） do sth（3）主語 + am / is /are not t to do sth （4）主語 + am / is /are not about to do sth 一般疑問句：（1）am / is / are放于句首；（2）will置于句首。（3）am / is / are放于句首；（4）am / is / are放于句首；2. 時(shí)間狀語：（1）tomorrow及其短語

17、、 the day after tomorrow（2）next短語（3）固定短語：one day, someday = some day, in the future, from now / today on, before long, sometime, in +時(shí)間段(多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間之后), in following+ 時(shí)間段4. will主要用于以下三個(gè)方面：（1）表示主觀意愿的將來。如：They will go to visit the factory tomorrow.（2）表示不以人的意志為轉(zhuǎn)移的客觀的將來。如：Today is Saturday. Tomorrow will be Su

18、nday. He will be thirty years old this time next year.（3）表示臨時(shí)決定，通常用于對(duì)話中。 Mary has been ill for a week. Oh, I didnt know. I will go and see her.5. be going to主要用于以下兩個(gè)方面：（1）表示事先經(jīng)過考慮、打算、計(jì)劃要做某事。如：Dad and I are going to watch an opera this afternoon.今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌劇。（2）表示根據(jù)目前某種跡象判斷，某事非常有可能發(fā)生，表示推測(cè)。如：Look! T

19、here come the dark clouds. It is going to rain.6. 用于狀語從句 由when /as soon as / begore / after 等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句或者if, unless, as/ so long as 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)或從句為祈使句，再或者從句中含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，主句用一般將來時(shí)態(tài)。（可理解為主將從現(xiàn)、主祈從現(xiàn)、主情從現(xiàn)）如：Dont trouble troubles until trouble troubles you. He will help you out whenever you have problems

20、.I won't go to the party unless I'm invited.六過去將來時(shí)1. 概念：立足于過去某一時(shí)刻，從過去看將來，常用于賓語從句中。2. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：（1）主語 + was / were / going to do sth（2）主語 + would do sth否定形式：（1）主語 + was / were / not + going to do sth（2）主語 + would + not + do sth一般疑問句：（1）was或were放于句首；（2）would 提到句首。3. 時(shí)間狀語：the next day (mor

21、ning, year), the following month (week)等。4. 用法：（1）“would + 動(dòng)詞原形”常表示主觀意愿的將來。如：He said he would come to see me. 他說他要來看我。（2）“was / were + going to + 動(dòng)詞原形”常表示按計(jì)劃或安排即將發(fā)生的事。如：She said she was going to start off at once. I was told that he was going to return home.此結(jié)構(gòu)還可表示根據(jù)某種跡象來看，很可能或即將發(fā)生的事情。如：It seemed as

22、 if it was going to rain. 看來好像要下雨。（3）come，go，leave，arrive，start等瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞可用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去將來的含義。如：He said the train was leaving at six the next morning. She told me she was coming to see me.七現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1. 概念：過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過去已經(jīng)開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且有可能繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。3. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語 + have / has + done +其他否定形式：主語 + have / has +

23、 not +done +其他一般疑問句：Have / Has +主語 + done +其他4. 時(shí)間狀語：（1）already （用于肯定句）yet（否定句和一般疑問句）（2）just, ever, before, never（3）so far=up to now = until / till now = by now（4）over/ in the past /last +時(shí)間段（5）by + 時(shí)間（6）by the end of +現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間（7）since +過去時(shí)間(如具體的年、月、日、鐘點(diǎn)等，如：1980, last month, half past six)（8） since +一段

24、時(shí)間+ ago （9）recently = lately（10）in recent +時(shí)間段5. 特殊用法：（1）由since/before 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，從句用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。如：I have made many friends since I came to China.It has been/is 15 years since I was a teacher.It has been/is 15 years before he knew it. 不知不覺15 年過去了。（2） 用于由that引導(dǎo)的定語從句中,先行詞前有形容詞的最高級(jí)修飾。如：Youre the be

25、st teacher that has ever taught me.6. 比較since和forsince 用來說明動(dòng)作起始時(shí)間，for用來說明動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間的長(zhǎng)度。如：We havent had any guests since we moved in here.I have lived here for more than twenty years.注意：并非有for 作為時(shí)間狀語的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。I worked here for more than twenty years. (我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作。)7. 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換：leave - be away fro

26、m borrow - keep buy - have begin/start - be ondie - be dead finish - be over open sth - keep sth openjoin - be in+組織機(jī)構(gòu) 或be a member of+組織機(jī)構(gòu)fall ill / asleep - be ill / asleep get up-be upcatch / get a cold - have a cold come here - be here go there - be therebecome / get +adj.- be+adj come back - be back get to/ arrive/reach - be (in) get to know - know go (get) out -be out put on- wear/ be in /be dressed in 八過去完成時(shí)1. 概念：以過去某個(gè)時(shí)間為參照，在此以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為，或在過去某動(dòng)作之前已完成的動(dòng)作，即“過去的過去”。2. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語 + had done +其他否定形式：主語 + hadnt done +其他一般疑問句：had置于句首。3. 時(shí)間狀語：befor