人教版必修五第三單元語法及作文

1、過去分詞作狀語（adverbial modifier） 民族中學(xué) 主講：穆學(xué)貴核心歸納Grammar:過去分詞過去分詞作狀語和定語的基本用法考點(diǎn)一 過去分詞作狀語概述過去分詞作狀語，進(jìn)一步說明謂語動詞的動作和狀態(tài)，即動作發(fā)生時(shí)的背景或狀況。其邏輯主語通常就是句子的主語，且與主語之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的“動賓關(guān)系”，即“被動關(guān)系”。過去分詞短語作條件、原因以及時(shí)間狀語時(shí)，通常放在句首；作伴隨、結(jié)果狀語時(shí)，通常放在句末；作方式狀語時(shí)，一般放在句末，有時(shí)也放在句首；作讓步狀語時(shí)，一般放在句首，有時(shí)也放在句末。核心歸納核心歸納核心歸納核心歸納過去分詞作狀語的注意點(diǎn)1)過去分詞作狀語時(shí),前面往往可有when,i

2、f,while,though,even if等連詞,這樣就能使過去分詞所表示的意義更加明確。這種帶有連詞的過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)通?？煽醋魇且环N省略句,句中省略的部分是“主語+be動詞的相應(yīng)變化形式”,省略的主語通常與主句的主語相同。Though defeated for a second time,he still didnt give in.(=Though he was defeated for a second time,he still didnt give in.)他雖然又一次被擊敗,但仍不屈服。 Even if invited,I wont go.(=Even if I am invite

3、d,I wont go.)即使被邀請,我也不去。核心歸納2)過去分詞作狀語時(shí),有時(shí)它的邏輯主語不是主句的主語,而是不同于主句主語的名詞,構(gòu)成“過去分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)”。過去分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)可在句中作狀語,表示時(shí)間、條件、伴隨狀況等。The house painted white,we liked it better.房子漆成白色后,我們更加喜歡它了。His work finished,he left the office.完成工作,他離開了辦公室。核心歸納過去分詞作定語概述一般來說,過去分詞作定語時(shí)含有“完成”和“被動”的雙重意義。但要注意不及物動詞的過去分詞常表示“完成”的動作,而不表示“被動”意義。

4、如:boiled water(開水);fallen leaves(落葉);risen sun(升起的太陽)等。The tall man is a returned student.高個(gè)子的那個(gè)男人是個(gè)回國留學(xué)生。My parents are both retired teachers.我的父母都是退休教師。 考點(diǎn)四 過去分詞作定語的注意點(diǎn)核心歸納 .與狀語從句的轉(zhuǎn)換 1)過去分詞短語作時(shí)間狀語，可轉(zhuǎn)換為when, while或after等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句。 Seen from the top of the hill, the park looks more beautiful. When it

5、is seen from the top of the hill, the park looks more beautiful. 從山上往下看，這座公園看起來更加漂亮。 2)作條件狀語，可轉(zhuǎn)換為if, once或unless等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句。 Given more time, she would certainly have done much better. If she had been given more time, she would certainly have done much better. 如果有更多時(shí)間的話，她一定會干得更好些。 3)作原因狀語，可轉(zhuǎn)換為as, since

6、或because等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句。 The children, exhausted, fell asleep at once. As the children were exhausted they fell asleep at once. 由于勞累，孩子們很快就睡著了。 4)作讓步狀語，可轉(zhuǎn)換為although, though或even if等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句。 Although exhausted by the climb, we continued our journey. Although we were exhausted by the climb, we continued our

7、journey. 我們雖然爬得很累，但我們?nèi)匀焕^續(xù)我們的旅程。5)作方式狀語，如有連詞as if，就轉(zhuǎn)換為as if引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句；若無連詞，則轉(zhuǎn)換為并列結(jié)構(gòu)。He began to cry as if bitten by a snake.He began to cry as if he was bitten by a snake.他大叫起來，好像被蛇咬了。6)作伴隨狀語，一般轉(zhuǎn)換為并列結(jié)構(gòu)。Aunt Wu came in, followed by her daughter.Aunt Wu came in, and (she) was followed by her daughter.吳大

8、娘走進(jìn)來，(她)后面跟著她的女兒。 1)現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作狀語在“邏輯”方面的差異： 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語與過去分詞作狀語最主要的區(qū)別在于兩者與所修飾的主語是主動還是被動關(guān)系。過去分詞作狀語時(shí)，過去分詞所表示的動作與句子主語之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動關(guān)系?，F(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動作與句子主語之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的主動關(guān)系。 Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.如果對這些樹多關(guān)心一些，它們本來會長得更好。 Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.由于不知

9、如何辦是好，他去找父母幫忙。 2)現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作狀語在“時(shí)間”方面的差異： 過去分詞所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前，或表示一種狀態(tài)，與謂語動作同時(shí)發(fā)生或存在?，F(xiàn)在分詞的一般式表示的動作與謂語動作同時(shí)發(fā)生或在說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行；現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式(having done)表示發(fā)生在謂語動作之前的一個(gè)“主動”動作；現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式的被動式(having been done)表示發(fā)生在謂語動作之前的一個(gè)“被動”動作，常常和表示次數(shù)的短語以及時(shí)間段(for短語)連用，此時(shí)不能被過去分詞所替換。其他情況下通常被過去分詞所替換，使句式更簡潔。 Written in a hurry, this articl

10、e was not so good! 因?yàn)閷懙么颐?，這篇文章不是很好。 Reading carefully, he found something he had not known before. 他仔細(xì)讀書時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些從前不知道的東西。 Having been discussed several times, the decision was finally made. 進(jìn)行了幾次討論之后，終于作出了決定。3)部分過去分詞因來源于系表結(jié)構(gòu)，作狀語時(shí)不表示“被動關(guān)系”，其前不用being。這樣的過去分詞及短語常見的有：lost(陷入某種狀態(tài))；seated(坐)；hidden(躲)；stat

11、ioned(駐扎)；lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)；dressed in(穿著)；tired of(厭煩)等。Lost/Absorbed in deep thought, he didnt hear the sound.因?yàn)槌聊缬谒伎贾?，所以他沒聽到那個(gè)聲音。 Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them.在遇到困難的時(shí)候，我們必須設(shè)法克服。4)過去分詞用作狀語時(shí)，前面往往帶有when, if, while, though, even if等連詞，這樣就能使過去分詞所表示的意義更加明確。這種帶有連詞的過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)通?？?/p>

12、看作是一種省略句，句中省略的部分總是“主語be的相應(yīng)變化形式”，省略的主語通常與主句的主語相同。When given a medical examination, you should keep calm.當(dāng)你做體檢時(shí)要保持鎮(zhèn)定。Because beaten twice a day, he was too afraid to go home.因?yàn)橐惶毂淮蛄藘纱?，他太恐懼了以至于不敢回家?5)分詞(短語)作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯上的主語要與句子的主語保持一致；否則分詞(短語)就要有自己的邏輯主語(用名詞或代詞的主格來表示)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)常放在句首。表示時(shí)間、條件、原因時(shí)，其作

13、用分別相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間、條件、原因狀語從句。表示伴隨方式時(shí)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列句。 The signal given, the bus started. 信號一發(fā)出，汽車就開動了。 The football match (being) over, crowds of people poured out into the street. 足球賽一結(jié)束，人群便涌到了大街上。 幫學(xué)助記 分詞作狀語，主語是問題。逗號前后兩動作，共用一主語。主語找出后，再來判關(guān)系。主動用ing, 被動用ed, having done表先后，千萬要牢記。核心歸納活學(xué)活用語法填空1)(translate) into Englis

14、h,the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. 2)With the programme not (complete),they have to stay there for another two weeks. 3)Unless (ask) to speak,you should remain silent at the meeting. 4)(found) in the early 20th century,the school keeps on inspiring childrens love of a

15、rt. 5)A great number of students (question) said they were forced to practise the piano. Translated completed asked Founded questioned 核心歸納6)Though (surprise) to see us,the professor gave us a warm welcome. 7)In some languages,100 words make up half of all words(use) in daily conversations. 8)Time,(

16、use) correctly,is money in the bank. 9)Film has a much shorter history,especially when (compare) to such art forms as music and painting. 10)After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope (provide). 11)The (injure)workers are now being taken good care of in the hospita

17、l. 12)They are cleaning the (fall)leaves in the yard. surprised used used compared provided injured fallen 核心歸納13)(encourage)by the speech,the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle. 14)(seat)at the table,my father and I were talking about my job. 15)(guide)by these principles,they

18、 went on with the work. 16)(delight)with her work,they made her the general manager. 17)(build)in 1192,the bridge is over 800 years old. 18)(face) with so much difficulty,they failed to finish the work on time. 19)(base) on a true story,the film is popular. 20)(dress) in a white uniform,he looks mor

19、e like a cook than a doctor. Encouraged Seated Guided Delighted Built Faced Based Dressed -23-Section Writing如何寫想象類作文如何寫想象類作文隨著科技的發(fā)展,未來人們的生活、學(xué)習(xí)、醫(yī)療、交通等方式都將會發(fā)生翻天覆地的變化。我們可以充分發(fā)揮想象力,暢想未來的生活情景。用英語描述未來生活的作文屬于想象類作文。想象類作文不但考查學(xué)生的語言能力,而且對學(xué)生的想象力、發(fā)散思維等有更高的要求。1.審題文體:描寫性記敘文;時(shí)態(tài):以一般將來時(shí)為主。2.注意事項(xiàng)想象要合情合理,在展望未來的同時(shí),要清楚地了

20、解當(dāng)今社會的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r,要科學(xué)地描寫未來的發(fā)展趨勢;寫作目的要明確,段落敘述始終圍繞主題展開,避免與主題無關(guān)的內(nèi)容;在寫作過程中,合理使用連接詞,使文章銜接更加自然。1.Sometimes I dream about life in the future.我有時(shí)夢想未來的生活。2.Maybe in the future we can travel in space.或許在將來我們能在太空旅行。3.With the development of science and technology,our life in the future will surely become more colorfu

21、l.隨著科學(xué)與技術(shù)的發(fā)展,在未來我們的生活一定會更加豐富多彩。4.There is a possibility that human beings will live on the moon.人類有可能會生活在月球上。5.I am curious about future life.對未來的生活我充滿了好奇。6.In my opinion,the dream will become a reality/come true one day.我認(rèn)為,終有一天夢想會成為現(xiàn)實(shí)。7.What will life be like in the future?未來的生活會是什么樣的?8.Life in th

22、e future will be much better than now.未來的生活一定會比現(xiàn)在更美好。Life in the futureWith the development of science and technology,our life in the future will surely become . In the future,more will appear,and people will .All in all,people will lead a life in the future. The life in the future will also be .Mor

23、e will be invented;different are used to as fast as possible. will replace because they are more efficient and are accepted by more people. In the future there will be no ,and everyone will enjoy a happy life.At that time people will have more means of .For example,. This is the future life that I d

24、ream of.英語課堂上,老師讓同學(xué)們暢想未來的筆會是什么樣的。請根據(jù)以下提示,以“Future pens”為題,用英語寫一篇100詞左右的短文。1.筆桿里面裝有微型電腦,并配備屏幕;2.具有難字提示、錯(cuò)字警告及坐姿提醒功能,可以自動修復(fù),環(huán)保耐用。參考詞匯:筆桿penholder;坐姿sitting position;耐用的durable參考范文:Future pensWith the development of science and technology,more advanced pens will appear.There is a possibility that future

25、 pens will be highly intelligent with a microcomputer in the penholder,on which stands a small screen.When you come across an unfamiliar word,just read the word to the screen instead of referring to a dictionary,and the word will appear on the screen.Also,they will sound the alarm when you make a sp

26、elling mistake,and correct the mistake by spelling the right word on the screen automatically.Surprisingly,they are also your guardians.When your sitting position is not correct,their red lights will come on.Whats more,they can repair themselves and they are durable,which makes them quite environmen

27、tally friendly.愛是什么？一個(gè)精靈坐在碧綠的枝葉間沉思。風(fēng)兒若有若無。一只鳥兒飛過來，停在枝上，望著遠(yuǎn)處將要成熟的稻田。精靈取出一束黃澄澄的稻谷問道：“你愛這稻谷嗎？”“愛?！薄盀槭裁矗俊薄八?qū)趕我的饑餓。”鳥兒啄完稻谷，輕輕梳理著光潤的羽毛?！艾F(xiàn)在你愛這稻谷嗎？”精靈又取出一束黃澄澄的稻谷。鳥兒抬頭望著遠(yuǎn)處的一灣泉水回答：“現(xiàn)在我愛那一灣泉水，我有點(diǎn)渴了?！本`摘下一片樹葉，里面盛了一汪泉水。鳥兒喝完泉水，準(zhǔn)備振翅飛去。“請?jiān)倩卮鹞乙粋€(gè)問題，”精靈伸出指尖，鳥兒停在上面。“你要去做什么更重要的事嗎？我這里又稻谷也有泉水。”“我要去那片開著風(fēng)信子的山谷，去看那朵風(fēng)信子。”“為什么

28、？它能驅(qū)趕你的饑餓？”“不能?！薄八茏虧櫮愕母煽?？”“不能?！睈凼鞘裁矗恳粋€(gè)精靈坐在碧綠的枝葉間沉思。風(fēng)兒若有若無。一只鳥兒飛過來，停在枝上，望著遠(yuǎn)處將要成熟的稻田。精靈取出一束黃澄澄的稻谷問道：“你愛這稻谷嗎？”“愛。”“為什么？”“它驅(qū)趕我的饑餓?！兵B兒啄完稻谷，輕輕梳理著光潤的羽毛?！艾F(xiàn)在你愛這稻谷嗎？”精靈又取出一束黃澄澄的稻谷。鳥兒抬頭望著遠(yuǎn)處的一灣泉水回答：“現(xiàn)在我愛那一灣泉水，我有點(diǎn)渴了?！本`摘下一片樹葉，里面盛了一汪泉水。鳥兒喝完泉水，準(zhǔn)備振翅飛去?！罢?jiān)倩卮鹞乙粋€(gè)問題，”精靈伸出指尖，鳥兒停在上面。“你要去做什么更重要的事嗎？我這里又稻谷也有泉水?！薄拔乙ツ瞧_著風(fēng)信子的山谷，去看